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International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)
Volume 4 Issue 4, June 2020 Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com e-ISSN: 2456 – 6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD30909 | Volume – 4 | Issue – 4 | May-June 2020 Page 236
Systematic Review on Eat Less and
Move More; Is the Chemistry of Life?
S. M. Landge1, M. G. Landge2
1Mechanical Engineering Department, Bansilal Ramnath Agarwal Charitable Trust’s,
Vishwakarma Institute of Information Technology, Pune, Maharashtra, India
(An Autonomous Institute Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University)
2PG Department of Chemistry, Vaidyanath College, Parli, Maharashtra, India
(Affiliated to Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad)
ABSTRACT
“Dieting must be combined with exercise”
This review explain the physical activity and exercise training are play vital
role for weight loss or weight maintenance. To see prevention is better than
cure, the patient is carried out 60 different tests by giving one time blood
sample after fasting 12-14 hours. Eat less is the probable basic advice to lose
weight. Increasing your vegetable intake can help you to lose weight. In this
particular discussion, we focus on weight loss from different types of exercise
training programs and calorie consumes. Clinically required weight loss is
unlikely to occur. Patients wishing to lose weight should participate in
physical activity and caloric restriction to improve the chances of weight loss.
The less you consume, the faster you lose. At the same time, it is very
important to follow a healthy, well-balanced diet plan, so that you do not
become ill or lose lean muscle. In ideal condition the adviceofdoctor,dietitian
and nutritionist is must essential. The tests such as eosinohils, MCV, MCHC,
RDW-SD, Total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, Non-HDL cholesterol, TC/HDL
cholesterol ratio, LDL/HDL ratio etc shows some deviations from the
reference ranges as per the guidelines.
KEYWORDS: Dieting, exercise, weight, lose, caloric, loss, healthy, diet, consume,
tests, physical activity, etc
OBJECTIVE:
To discuss the healthy diet plan.
To know the ill effects of unhealthy diet.
To study psychological and environmental determinants of healthy diet.
To promote the healthy diet plan.
How to cite this paper: S. M. Landge | M.
G. Landge "Systematic Review on Eat Less
and Move More; Is the Chemistry of Life?"
Published in
International Journal
of Trend in Scientific
Research and
Development
(ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-
6470, Volume-4 |
Issue-4, June 2020,
pp.236-240, URL:
www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30909.pdf
Copyright © 2020 by author(s) and
International Journal ofTrendinScientific
Research and Development Journal. This
is an Open Access article distributed
under the terms of
the Creative
CommonsAttribution
License (CC BY 4.0)
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by
/4.0)
INTRODUCTION
The above said advice in weight-reduction management is
based on the first laws of thermodynamics,whichisa branch
of chemistry which deals with macro particles and
conversion one form of energy into the other form of energy
that applies systematically tointernal combustion engines.It
is considered that obesity is a disorder of energy imbalance.
When calories -in exceed calories-out, there is an energy
surplus that the body stores as fat. In 400 BC, Hippocrates
says, eat less and exercise more . If you reduce your calories
intake substantially then you quickly lose weight. The long
term solution is easier, moreeffectiveandevidencebased i.e.
(EEE). A healthy weight is an important sign of good health.
What you eat and how much you eat play crucial roles in
maintaining a healthy weight or losing weight. Physical
activity and exercise training are the another key indicators.
Patients gain weight by consuming more energy or calorie
than they burn, it means consuming and burning ratio are
inversely proportional to on another, at the same time other
factors also play a role, such as metabolism, genetic factors,
hormones, the type of foods you eat, your bodytype,lifestyle
etc. in gaining or reducing the body weight.
The dietitians, nutritionists and other professionals agree
that the top results occurs from combining a healthful,
weight-reduction diet with physical activity in the longterm
treatment under the supervision of a trained expert. When
you try to eat fewer calories than you need, your body
switches into survival mode. As you continue toeatlessthan
you need, your body starts to break down muscle to use for
energy. This muscle loss causes metabolism to slow further,
so you burn even lesser calories. Literature survey reveals
that, to lose one pound per week, you need to reach a total
calorie deficit of average 3500 calorie per week or 500
calorie per day and so on calculated for other required days.
If patient want to lose weight, he should have to consume
less than recommended . The less you consume, the faster
you lose. At the same time, it is very important to follow a
healthy, well-balanced diet plan, so that you do not become
ill or lose lean muscle. In ideal condition theadviceofdoctor,
dietitian and nutritionist is must essential.
If patient is eating less but still gaining weight, then examine
the quality of your diet. If you are eating lessbuteatingfoods
IJTSRD30909
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD30909 | Volume – 4 | Issue – 4 | May-June 2020 Page 237
that are high in calories, thus you are in hard time to reach
your goal. Check your total daily needs and try to staywithin
a hundred calories of that target. Drinking water helps to
boost your metabolism, cleanse your body of waste and acts
as an appetite suppressant. Somestudyshowsthatthewater
weight you lose will come back quickly, but that fat loss is
real.
MATERIAL AND METHODS:
Already, after fasting 12-14 hours one time blood sample
given to reputed Laboratory foranalysispurposetodifferent
60 tests through Vardhaman Clinical Laboratory, Dr.
Wangikar Hospital, Laxmi Nurshing Home, Tailar line,
Mondha, Parli-vaijnath. The laboratorypersonsusedifferent
modern instruments to analyse the sample as Fully
Automated Bidirectional Analyser (6 Part Differential
SYSMEX XN-1000), Fully Automated H.P.L.C. using Biorad
Variant II Turbo, NGSP Certified, Spectrophotometer and
required laboratory manuals etc., at Thyrocare technologies
Limited, D-37/3, TTC MIDC, Turbhe, Navi Mumbai.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:
For the present review discussion, we considered the
following 60 number of tests alreadymadeby normal manof
age 50 years. Initially he has no any health problem and
working on a good job. His daily routine is quite regular like
early morning walk about 4-5 kilometer for 50-60 minutes
with physical exercise. Good breakfast at 9.00 to 9.30 a.m.
and routine work up to 1.30 to 2.00 p.m. followed by lunch.
Reading and writing work or to access the papers also
curricular activitieswithsomerestingperiod.Evening round
in the market to buy daily needs alternate days. Watching 1-
2 hours TV and dinner at 8.00 to 8.30 p.m. After some study
preparation sleep at 10-10.30 p.m. to morning 6.00 a.m. and
so on. For tests one time blood sample provided to
laboratory after fasting of 12-14 hours. The following tests
are found checked in the reputed laboratory.
Table: 1 Different test such as leucocytes, eosinophils, lymphocytes, hemoglobin, RBC and platelets of normal man
Test Name Value units Reference range
Total leucocytes count 8.78 X 103 /micro L 4.0 - 10
Neutrophils 40.5 % 40- 80
Lymphocyte percentage 35.5 % 20- 40
Monocytes 2.1 % 0- 10
Eosinophils 21.4 % 0.0-6.0
Basophils 0.2 % <2
Immature granulocytes 0.3 % 0-0.5
Neutrophils-Absolute count 3.56 X 103 /micro L 2.0-7.0
Lymphocytes-Absolute count 3.12 X 103 /micro L 1.0-3.0
Monocytes-Asolute count 0.18 X 103 /micro L 0.2-1
Basophils-Absolute count 0.02 X 103 /micro L 0-0.1
Eosinophils-Absolute count 1.88 X 103 /micro L 0-0.5
Immature granulocytes 0.03 X 103 /micro L 0-0.3
Total RBC 5.11 X 106 /micro L 4.5-5.5
Nucleated RBC NIL X 103 /micro L <0.01
Nucleated RBC % NIL % <0.01
Hemoglobin 15.9 g/dL 13-17
Hematocrit PCV 44.52 % 40-50
Mean cor-volume (MCV) 103.9 fL 83-101
Mean cor-hemoglobin (MCH) 31.1 pq 27-32
Mean cor-hemo-conc. (MCHC) 29.9 g/dL 31.5-34.5
Read cell dist width (RDW-SD) 50.4 fL 39-46
(RDW-CV) 13 % 11.6-14
Mean plate let volume (MPV) 10.8 fL 6.5-12
Platelet count 258 X 103 /micro L 150-400
Platelet to large cell ratio (PNCR) 31.3 % 19.7-42.4
Plateletcit (PCT) 0.28 % 0.19-0.39
Table:2 Different test such as HbA1c,Average blood glucose (ABG), Iron, Total iron binding capacity (TIBC),
Percentage of transferrinsaturation, Calcium, Uricacid, Alkaline Phosphate, Bilirubin etc. of normal man.
Test Name Technology Value Units, Normal range
HbA1c HPLC 5.4 %, (5-7) Normal
Average blood glucose (ABG) Calculated 108 Mg/dl, (90-120) Good
Iron Photometry 137.5 Microgram/dl,
Male 65-175,
Female 50-170
Total iron binding capacity(TIBC) Photometry 353 Microgram/dl,
Male 225-535,
Female 215-535
% of transferrin saturation
Blood Urea Nitrogen BUN
Creatinine -serum
Calculated
Photometry
Photometry
38.95
10.34
0.91
%, (13- 45)
mg/dl, (7- 25)
mg/dl,(0.6- 1.1)
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD30909 | Volume – 4 | Issue – 4 | May-June 2020 Page 238
BUN/SR.Creatinine Ratio
Calcium
Uric acid
EST. GlomerularFiltration Rate (eGFR)
Total Triiodothyronine T3
Total thyroxine T4
Thyroid Stimulating Har.TSH
Alkaline Phosphate
Bilirubin-Total
Bilirubin-Direct
Bilirubin-indirect
Gamma Glutamyl trans.GGT
AspartateAminotrans.SGOT
Alanine Transaminase SGPT
Protein-total
Albumin-serum
Serum Alb/glob.ratio
Serum globulin
Calculated
Photometry
Photometry
Calculated
C.L.I.A.
C.L.I.A
C.L.I.A
Photometry
Photometry
Photometry
Calculated
Photometry
Photometry
Photometry
Photometry
Photometry
Calculated
Photometry
11.36
9.08
6.00
97
100
8.6
2.27
98.8
1.26
0.32
0.94
34.6
25.5
25.6
7.5
4.4
1.42
3.1
Ratio, (9.1- 23.1)
mg/dl, (8.8- 10.6)
mg/dl, (4.2- 7.3)
ml/min/1.73 m2
ng/dl, (60- 200)
microgram/dl, (4.5- 12)
microIU/ml, (0.3- 5.5)
U/l,(45- 129)
Mg/dl,(0.3- 1.2)
Mg/dl,(<0.3)
Mg/dl,(0- 0.9)
U/l, <55
U/l, <35
U/l, <45
Gm/dl, (5.7- 8.2)
Gm/dl, (3.2- 4.8)
Ratio, (0.9- 2)
Gm/dl, 2.5- 3.4)
Table:3 Different test such as Total Cholestrol, LDL-Direct, TC/HDL Ratio, LDL/HDL ratio, Non-HDL Cholestrol of
normal man
Test Name Technology Value Units Normal Range
Total Cholesterol Photometry 224 mg/dl 125-200
HDL Cholesterol-direct Photometry 38 mg/dl 35-80
LDL Cholesterol -direct Photometry 164 mg/dl 85-130
Triglycerides Photometry 133 mg/dl 25-200
TC/HDL Cholesterol Ratio Calculated 5.9 Ratio 3-5
LDL/HDL Ratio Calculated 4.3 Ratio 1.5-3.5
VLDL Cholesterol Calculated 26.6 mg/dl 5-40
NON-HDL Cholesterol Calculated 186.1 mg/dl <160
Table:4 *Reference Ranges as per NCEP ATP III Guidelines
Total Cholesterol mg/dl HDL mg/dl LDL mg/dl Triglycerides mg/dl
Desirable < 200 Low < 40 Optimal < 100 Normal < 150
Border line high 200-239 High > 60 Near optimal 100-129 Border line high 150-199
High > 240 - - Border line high 130-159 High 200-499
High 160-189 Very high > 500
Very high > 190
* For lipid parameters 10-12 hours fasting is mandatory, otherwise values might be fluctuate.
The high lighter tests are advised to the patient with some
medical prescription and as to eat walnuts, apples and flax
seeds, continue the morning walk, prefer running, uphills,
stairs, walk in break time and some interval try stand also.
Eat fruits, vegetables, whole grains, beans, plant sources
proteins. Drink plenty of water which keep your blood ways
clean, have green tea, citrus-lemon, juice, almonds, honey,
orange juice and grapefruits. Eosinophilsormorecommonly
called acidophils are a variety of white blood cells andone of
the immune system components responsible for combating
multicellular parasites and cetain infections in vertebrates.
Tissue -dwelling helminths areparasiticinfectionsthatoften
produce eosinophilia. The presence of more than 500
eosinophils/microlitre of blood is called as eosinophilia and
typically seen in people with a parasitic infection of the
intestine, autoimmune and collagen vascular disease.
Patients are advised with somemedical subscriptionand not
to eat six food diet such as milk products,eggs, wheat,soy,
peanuts/tree nuts and fish for at least 3 to 6 weekstoreduce
the eosinophil count and also to eat citrus fruits, Garlic,
Ginger, Spinach, Almonds andYogurtetc.Thebilirubinlevels
may increase due to stress, strain, dehydration, fasting,
infection or exposure to cold etc. The bilirubin is a yellowish
substance in blood. It forms after red blood cellsbreak down
and it travels through liver, gallbladder and digestive tract
before being excreted. Typically, bilirubin levels falls
between 0.3 to 1.2 miligrams per deciliter. The high level of
bilirubin will be reduced by drinking 5 to 6 liter water per
day to flush out toxins, moderate consumption of coffee or
herbal tea for liver health, adding milk thistle in routine, eat
at least 2 cups of veggies and 2 cups of fruit juice per dayand
prefer fibers in diets. The diabetes blood screen of the
patient is 5.4% and average blood glucoseis108mg/dl,both
values are normal. The average blood glucose value is
calculated from HBA1c value and it indicates average blood
sugar level over past three months.
Turmeric and ginger also lowers the cholesterol level and
triglycerides levels, which also reduce LDL cholesterol and
boost the HDL cholesterol. Enjoy the Potato, tomato, fruit
soup and juices but say no to ice cream, butter, meat and
chicken. Always prefer warm water for drinking to increase
metabolism. Patients diabetesscreen,Averagebloodglucose
iron, Total iron binding capacity, percentage transferrin
saturation etc. tests are normal. A literature index shows
that, the diet in high fiber can help to lower the cholesterol
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD30909 | Volume – 4 | Issue – 4 | May-June 2020 Page 239
level up to 10 percent. As we knownthatthehighcholesterol
is one of major controllable risk for coronary heart disease,
heart attack and stroke. The present patient shows total
Cholesterol level 224 mg/dl but the actual range is between
125-200 mg/dl. It means it is diverted by 24 mg/dl which is
called as borderline high cholesterol I.e. between 200-239
mg/dl. So patient is advised to reduce the cholesterol level
by some medical subscription and balanced diet with
physical exercise. Same is found in LDL (Low Density
Lipoprotein) cholesterol, the value is 164mg/dl and the
range is in between 85-130 mg/dl. This is called LDL high
level i.e. 160-189 mg/dl, followed by LDL very high level i.e.
> 190 mg/dl. This is bad cholesterol exceed by 34 mg/dl,
which may contributes to fatty buildups in arteries. This
condition probably narrow the arteries and increases the
risk for heart attack, stroke and peripheral artery disease or
PAD. The patients triglycerides level and HDL (High Density
Lipoprotein) are 133 mg/dl range (25-200 mg/dl) and 38
mg/dl range (35-80mg/dl)respectivelyarealsonormal.The
HDL cholesterol are good cholesterol whose higher level are
considered actually better while, the triglycerides are the
most common type of fat in the body. They store excess
energy from your diet. Total triiodothyronine, Total
thyroxine, Thyroid stimulating hormones, Blood urea
nitrogen, creatinine-serum, Bun/ Sr. Ceratinie ratio,calcium
and uric acid and Est. Glomerular filtration rate etc tests are
quite normal . The clinical significance of normal creatinine
reference interval does not necessarily reflect a normal GFR
for a patient, because mild and moderate kidney injury is
poorly inferred from serum creatinine alone. Thus, it is
recommended for clinical laboratories to routinely estimate
glomerular filtration rate (eGFR ), a gold standard
measurement for assessment of renal function and report
the value when serum creatinine is measuredforpatients 18
and older,when appropriate and feasible. It cannot be
measured easily in clinical practice,instead,GFR isestimated
from equations using serum creatinine, age and sex. This
provides easy to interpret information for the doctor and
patient on the degree of renal impairment since it
approximately equates to thr percentage of kidney function
remaining. Application of CKD-EPI equation together with
the other diagnostic tools in renal medicine will further
improve the detection and management of patients with
CKD. Lastly in the nut cell, the advise to patient is nothing to
worry just have regular followupandrequiredbalanced diet
with regular physical exercise.
Figure: a) 3D Rendering of eosinophil b) Eosinophil
Under the microscope
RESTRICTING CALORIES AND EXERCISE MORE:
Literature survey reveals number of tips forlosingweight or
reduction in weight management . Some important tips are
as follows.
1. Eat fewer calories, as diet plays a vital role in weight
maintenance.
2. Get in the pool, as swimming is a great way to burn
calories.
3. Try adaptive sports, as sports will help in weight
management.
4. Hit the Gymnasium.
5. Drink ample of water.
6. Breakfast never miss it.
7. Eat balanced diet.
8. Eat slowly and happily.
9. Avoid sugary drinks and fruits juice with sugar.
10. Drink water before meals.
11. Choose weight loss-friendly foods.
12. Eat soluble fibre.
13. Drink coffee or tea.
14. Base your diet on whole foods, food grains.
15. Say No to sweets.
16. Get good quality sleep.
17. Weigh your self everyday.
18. Increase vegetable intake.
19. Stay hydrated.
20. Avoid unhealthy foods.
21. Enjoy super diet.
CONCLUSION:
So far the large number of people who are concerned with
their diet and make an attempt to change their diet patterns,
we advise them, dieting must be combined with exercise
under the supervision of doctor, dietitian and nutritionist.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT:
Authors express their thanks to Vardhaman Clinical
Laboratory, Parli-vaijnath and Thyocare Laboratory,D-
37/1,TTC,MIDC,Turbhe,Navi Mumbai for analysing the
sample. Authors are thankful to Principal Dr. R. K. Ippar,
Principal Vaidyanath College, Parli-vaijnath who inspired
durring lockdown period to write research paper on your
area of interest. Author SML express his sincere thanks to
Director and Head of the department of Mechanical
Engineering, VIIT, Pune. One of the author MGL is also
thankful to H.O.D. Dr. B.V. Kendre,colleaguesMr.A. W.Vadal,
Mr. S. V. Renukdas, Mr. P. H. Hardas etc., Department of
Chemistry for their valuable discussion on this research
topics. Author MGL isexpressingthankstohiswifeSow.Usha
Landge and younger son Ruturaj for their pesion durring
lockdown periods to complete the research review article.
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[3] N. S. Wellman,, “ Eat Better and Move More: A
Guidebook for Community Programs.,” National
Research Center on Nutrition, Physical Activity and
Aging., 2004.
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD30909 | Volume – 4 | Issue – 4 | May-June 2020 Page 240
[4] K. E. Lamb, “Methods for Accounting for
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Nutrition., vol.132, issue 12, pp 3772-3781,2002,
https:/doi.org/10.1093/jn/132.12.3772.
[6] J. T. Anderson., “The Effect of Different Food Fats on
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of Nutrition., vol.62, issue 3,pp 421-444,1957.
[7] H. C. Bucher, E. Lauren, H. Griffith and G. H. Guyatt,
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[8] M. D. Richard, “A. Stein Effects of Different Exercise
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[11] S. Ghosh., “Implementation of Proper Nutrition in
Managing Diabetes-A review article.,” Journal of Food
Science Research.,volume 2,Issue 1,103,2017.
[12] J. J. Power., “Disordered Eating Patterns In University
Students and Links With stress Coping: A Literature
Review and Discussion.,” Advanced Practiceregistered
Nurses.,2,108,2016.
[13] H. Xiaojia., “Nanotechnology In Food Science:
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171,1998.
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10.1038/nri3341.
[16] A. A. Humbles., “A Critical role for Eosinophils in
Allergic Airways Remodeling.,” Humbles A.A., Science.,
2004,305:1776-1779,doi: 10.1126/science.1100283.
[17] A. S. Levey, L. A., Stevens, C. H. Schmid, Y. L. Zhang, A. F.
Castro., “A new equation to estimate glomerular
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AUTHOR’S BIOGRAPHY:
Dr. Mahadev Gangaram Landge, is presently working as
Professor in Chemistry at Jawahar Educatio Society’s
Vaidyanath College, Parli-vaijnath District Beed of
Maharashtra State. Previous to this, he was worked as
lecturer in Chemistry at Government Engineering College,
Jalgaon, a autonomous Institute of Maharashtra State
Government affiliated to North Maharashtra University,
Jalgaon from 10-11-1998 to 25-10-2007. He joinedassenior
lecturer in physical chemistry at Vaidyanath college, from
26-10-2007 before noon. He has completed his research
work under the able guidance of Dr. B.R. Arbad, Professor in
Chemistry at Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada
University, Aurangabad in the year 1995. He was lien
vacancy lecturer in Chemistry at Dnyanopasak college,
Parbhani and recognized P.G.Teacher of Swami Ramanand
Teerth University, Nanded. He is research Guide in
Chemistry of parent University. Also he is BOS member of
Autonomous Government College of Engineering, Jalgaon.
He has published 30 research papers in National and
International repute and participated in 30 conferences. He
has worked as a convenor of one state level conference
(Feb.2010) and one National conference (Feb.2015) at
Vaidyanath College, Parli-vaijnath sanctioned by U.G.C. New
Delhi. Also one national level conference (Feb.2017)
sponsored by Vaidyanath Colllege, Parli-vaijnath. He has
completed one Minor research Project sanctioned by U.G.C.
New Delhi. He is active member of Academic Audit
Committee of S.R.T.M.U, Nanded. His area of research is in
physical chemistry, analytical chemistry and environmental
chemistry. Also In college, he works as event organizer such
as well come function, teachersday,WaterManagement;the
Need of Future, Soil conservation and Tree plantation
awareness campaign, National energy conservation week
program, National science day celebration, Anti-corona
awareness campaign, send off function, excursion tour on
medicinal chemistry and natural products for U.G-P.G.
students.

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Systematic Review on Eat Less and Move More Is the Chemistry of Life

  • 1. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) Volume 4 Issue 4, June 2020 Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com e-ISSN: 2456 – 6470 @ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD30909 | Volume – 4 | Issue – 4 | May-June 2020 Page 236 Systematic Review on Eat Less and Move More; Is the Chemistry of Life? S. M. Landge1, M. G. Landge2 1Mechanical Engineering Department, Bansilal Ramnath Agarwal Charitable Trust’s, Vishwakarma Institute of Information Technology, Pune, Maharashtra, India (An Autonomous Institute Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University) 2PG Department of Chemistry, Vaidyanath College, Parli, Maharashtra, India (Affiliated to Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad) ABSTRACT “Dieting must be combined with exercise” This review explain the physical activity and exercise training are play vital role for weight loss or weight maintenance. To see prevention is better than cure, the patient is carried out 60 different tests by giving one time blood sample after fasting 12-14 hours. Eat less is the probable basic advice to lose weight. Increasing your vegetable intake can help you to lose weight. In this particular discussion, we focus on weight loss from different types of exercise training programs and calorie consumes. Clinically required weight loss is unlikely to occur. Patients wishing to lose weight should participate in physical activity and caloric restriction to improve the chances of weight loss. The less you consume, the faster you lose. At the same time, it is very important to follow a healthy, well-balanced diet plan, so that you do not become ill or lose lean muscle. In ideal condition the adviceofdoctor,dietitian and nutritionist is must essential. The tests such as eosinohils, MCV, MCHC, RDW-SD, Total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, Non-HDL cholesterol, TC/HDL cholesterol ratio, LDL/HDL ratio etc shows some deviations from the reference ranges as per the guidelines. KEYWORDS: Dieting, exercise, weight, lose, caloric, loss, healthy, diet, consume, tests, physical activity, etc OBJECTIVE: To discuss the healthy diet plan. To know the ill effects of unhealthy diet. To study psychological and environmental determinants of healthy diet. To promote the healthy diet plan. How to cite this paper: S. M. Landge | M. G. Landge "Systematic Review on Eat Less and Move More; Is the Chemistry of Life?" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456- 6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4, June 2020, pp.236-240, URL: www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30909.pdf Copyright © 2020 by author(s) and International Journal ofTrendinScientific Research and Development Journal. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative CommonsAttribution License (CC BY 4.0) (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by /4.0) INTRODUCTION The above said advice in weight-reduction management is based on the first laws of thermodynamics,whichisa branch of chemistry which deals with macro particles and conversion one form of energy into the other form of energy that applies systematically tointernal combustion engines.It is considered that obesity is a disorder of energy imbalance. When calories -in exceed calories-out, there is an energy surplus that the body stores as fat. In 400 BC, Hippocrates says, eat less and exercise more . If you reduce your calories intake substantially then you quickly lose weight. The long term solution is easier, moreeffectiveandevidencebased i.e. (EEE). A healthy weight is an important sign of good health. What you eat and how much you eat play crucial roles in maintaining a healthy weight or losing weight. Physical activity and exercise training are the another key indicators. Patients gain weight by consuming more energy or calorie than they burn, it means consuming and burning ratio are inversely proportional to on another, at the same time other factors also play a role, such as metabolism, genetic factors, hormones, the type of foods you eat, your bodytype,lifestyle etc. in gaining or reducing the body weight. The dietitians, nutritionists and other professionals agree that the top results occurs from combining a healthful, weight-reduction diet with physical activity in the longterm treatment under the supervision of a trained expert. When you try to eat fewer calories than you need, your body switches into survival mode. As you continue toeatlessthan you need, your body starts to break down muscle to use for energy. This muscle loss causes metabolism to slow further, so you burn even lesser calories. Literature survey reveals that, to lose one pound per week, you need to reach a total calorie deficit of average 3500 calorie per week or 500 calorie per day and so on calculated for other required days. If patient want to lose weight, he should have to consume less than recommended . The less you consume, the faster you lose. At the same time, it is very important to follow a healthy, well-balanced diet plan, so that you do not become ill or lose lean muscle. In ideal condition theadviceofdoctor, dietitian and nutritionist is must essential. If patient is eating less but still gaining weight, then examine the quality of your diet. If you are eating lessbuteatingfoods IJTSRD30909
  • 2. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470 @ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD30909 | Volume – 4 | Issue – 4 | May-June 2020 Page 237 that are high in calories, thus you are in hard time to reach your goal. Check your total daily needs and try to staywithin a hundred calories of that target. Drinking water helps to boost your metabolism, cleanse your body of waste and acts as an appetite suppressant. Somestudyshowsthatthewater weight you lose will come back quickly, but that fat loss is real. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Already, after fasting 12-14 hours one time blood sample given to reputed Laboratory foranalysispurposetodifferent 60 tests through Vardhaman Clinical Laboratory, Dr. Wangikar Hospital, Laxmi Nurshing Home, Tailar line, Mondha, Parli-vaijnath. The laboratorypersonsusedifferent modern instruments to analyse the sample as Fully Automated Bidirectional Analyser (6 Part Differential SYSMEX XN-1000), Fully Automated H.P.L.C. using Biorad Variant II Turbo, NGSP Certified, Spectrophotometer and required laboratory manuals etc., at Thyrocare technologies Limited, D-37/3, TTC MIDC, Turbhe, Navi Mumbai. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: For the present review discussion, we considered the following 60 number of tests alreadymadeby normal manof age 50 years. Initially he has no any health problem and working on a good job. His daily routine is quite regular like early morning walk about 4-5 kilometer for 50-60 minutes with physical exercise. Good breakfast at 9.00 to 9.30 a.m. and routine work up to 1.30 to 2.00 p.m. followed by lunch. Reading and writing work or to access the papers also curricular activitieswithsomerestingperiod.Evening round in the market to buy daily needs alternate days. Watching 1- 2 hours TV and dinner at 8.00 to 8.30 p.m. After some study preparation sleep at 10-10.30 p.m. to morning 6.00 a.m. and so on. For tests one time blood sample provided to laboratory after fasting of 12-14 hours. The following tests are found checked in the reputed laboratory. Table: 1 Different test such as leucocytes, eosinophils, lymphocytes, hemoglobin, RBC and platelets of normal man Test Name Value units Reference range Total leucocytes count 8.78 X 103 /micro L 4.0 - 10 Neutrophils 40.5 % 40- 80 Lymphocyte percentage 35.5 % 20- 40 Monocytes 2.1 % 0- 10 Eosinophils 21.4 % 0.0-6.0 Basophils 0.2 % <2 Immature granulocytes 0.3 % 0-0.5 Neutrophils-Absolute count 3.56 X 103 /micro L 2.0-7.0 Lymphocytes-Absolute count 3.12 X 103 /micro L 1.0-3.0 Monocytes-Asolute count 0.18 X 103 /micro L 0.2-1 Basophils-Absolute count 0.02 X 103 /micro L 0-0.1 Eosinophils-Absolute count 1.88 X 103 /micro L 0-0.5 Immature granulocytes 0.03 X 103 /micro L 0-0.3 Total RBC 5.11 X 106 /micro L 4.5-5.5 Nucleated RBC NIL X 103 /micro L <0.01 Nucleated RBC % NIL % <0.01 Hemoglobin 15.9 g/dL 13-17 Hematocrit PCV 44.52 % 40-50 Mean cor-volume (MCV) 103.9 fL 83-101 Mean cor-hemoglobin (MCH) 31.1 pq 27-32 Mean cor-hemo-conc. (MCHC) 29.9 g/dL 31.5-34.5 Read cell dist width (RDW-SD) 50.4 fL 39-46 (RDW-CV) 13 % 11.6-14 Mean plate let volume (MPV) 10.8 fL 6.5-12 Platelet count 258 X 103 /micro L 150-400 Platelet to large cell ratio (PNCR) 31.3 % 19.7-42.4 Plateletcit (PCT) 0.28 % 0.19-0.39 Table:2 Different test such as HbA1c,Average blood glucose (ABG), Iron, Total iron binding capacity (TIBC), Percentage of transferrinsaturation, Calcium, Uricacid, Alkaline Phosphate, Bilirubin etc. of normal man. Test Name Technology Value Units, Normal range HbA1c HPLC 5.4 %, (5-7) Normal Average blood glucose (ABG) Calculated 108 Mg/dl, (90-120) Good Iron Photometry 137.5 Microgram/dl, Male 65-175, Female 50-170 Total iron binding capacity(TIBC) Photometry 353 Microgram/dl, Male 225-535, Female 215-535 % of transferrin saturation Blood Urea Nitrogen BUN Creatinine -serum Calculated Photometry Photometry 38.95 10.34 0.91 %, (13- 45) mg/dl, (7- 25) mg/dl,(0.6- 1.1)
  • 3. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470 @ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD30909 | Volume – 4 | Issue – 4 | May-June 2020 Page 238 BUN/SR.Creatinine Ratio Calcium Uric acid EST. GlomerularFiltration Rate (eGFR) Total Triiodothyronine T3 Total thyroxine T4 Thyroid Stimulating Har.TSH Alkaline Phosphate Bilirubin-Total Bilirubin-Direct Bilirubin-indirect Gamma Glutamyl trans.GGT AspartateAminotrans.SGOT Alanine Transaminase SGPT Protein-total Albumin-serum Serum Alb/glob.ratio Serum globulin Calculated Photometry Photometry Calculated C.L.I.A. C.L.I.A C.L.I.A Photometry Photometry Photometry Calculated Photometry Photometry Photometry Photometry Photometry Calculated Photometry 11.36 9.08 6.00 97 100 8.6 2.27 98.8 1.26 0.32 0.94 34.6 25.5 25.6 7.5 4.4 1.42 3.1 Ratio, (9.1- 23.1) mg/dl, (8.8- 10.6) mg/dl, (4.2- 7.3) ml/min/1.73 m2 ng/dl, (60- 200) microgram/dl, (4.5- 12) microIU/ml, (0.3- 5.5) U/l,(45- 129) Mg/dl,(0.3- 1.2) Mg/dl,(<0.3) Mg/dl,(0- 0.9) U/l, <55 U/l, <35 U/l, <45 Gm/dl, (5.7- 8.2) Gm/dl, (3.2- 4.8) Ratio, (0.9- 2) Gm/dl, 2.5- 3.4) Table:3 Different test such as Total Cholestrol, LDL-Direct, TC/HDL Ratio, LDL/HDL ratio, Non-HDL Cholestrol of normal man Test Name Technology Value Units Normal Range Total Cholesterol Photometry 224 mg/dl 125-200 HDL Cholesterol-direct Photometry 38 mg/dl 35-80 LDL Cholesterol -direct Photometry 164 mg/dl 85-130 Triglycerides Photometry 133 mg/dl 25-200 TC/HDL Cholesterol Ratio Calculated 5.9 Ratio 3-5 LDL/HDL Ratio Calculated 4.3 Ratio 1.5-3.5 VLDL Cholesterol Calculated 26.6 mg/dl 5-40 NON-HDL Cholesterol Calculated 186.1 mg/dl <160 Table:4 *Reference Ranges as per NCEP ATP III Guidelines Total Cholesterol mg/dl HDL mg/dl LDL mg/dl Triglycerides mg/dl Desirable < 200 Low < 40 Optimal < 100 Normal < 150 Border line high 200-239 High > 60 Near optimal 100-129 Border line high 150-199 High > 240 - - Border line high 130-159 High 200-499 High 160-189 Very high > 500 Very high > 190 * For lipid parameters 10-12 hours fasting is mandatory, otherwise values might be fluctuate. The high lighter tests are advised to the patient with some medical prescription and as to eat walnuts, apples and flax seeds, continue the morning walk, prefer running, uphills, stairs, walk in break time and some interval try stand also. Eat fruits, vegetables, whole grains, beans, plant sources proteins. Drink plenty of water which keep your blood ways clean, have green tea, citrus-lemon, juice, almonds, honey, orange juice and grapefruits. Eosinophilsormorecommonly called acidophils are a variety of white blood cells andone of the immune system components responsible for combating multicellular parasites and cetain infections in vertebrates. Tissue -dwelling helminths areparasiticinfectionsthatoften produce eosinophilia. The presence of more than 500 eosinophils/microlitre of blood is called as eosinophilia and typically seen in people with a parasitic infection of the intestine, autoimmune and collagen vascular disease. Patients are advised with somemedical subscriptionand not to eat six food diet such as milk products,eggs, wheat,soy, peanuts/tree nuts and fish for at least 3 to 6 weekstoreduce the eosinophil count and also to eat citrus fruits, Garlic, Ginger, Spinach, Almonds andYogurtetc.Thebilirubinlevels may increase due to stress, strain, dehydration, fasting, infection or exposure to cold etc. The bilirubin is a yellowish substance in blood. It forms after red blood cellsbreak down and it travels through liver, gallbladder and digestive tract before being excreted. Typically, bilirubin levels falls between 0.3 to 1.2 miligrams per deciliter. The high level of bilirubin will be reduced by drinking 5 to 6 liter water per day to flush out toxins, moderate consumption of coffee or herbal tea for liver health, adding milk thistle in routine, eat at least 2 cups of veggies and 2 cups of fruit juice per dayand prefer fibers in diets. The diabetes blood screen of the patient is 5.4% and average blood glucoseis108mg/dl,both values are normal. The average blood glucose value is calculated from HBA1c value and it indicates average blood sugar level over past three months. Turmeric and ginger also lowers the cholesterol level and triglycerides levels, which also reduce LDL cholesterol and boost the HDL cholesterol. Enjoy the Potato, tomato, fruit soup and juices but say no to ice cream, butter, meat and chicken. Always prefer warm water for drinking to increase metabolism. Patients diabetesscreen,Averagebloodglucose iron, Total iron binding capacity, percentage transferrin saturation etc. tests are normal. A literature index shows that, the diet in high fiber can help to lower the cholesterol
  • 4. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470 @ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD30909 | Volume – 4 | Issue – 4 | May-June 2020 Page 239 level up to 10 percent. As we knownthatthehighcholesterol is one of major controllable risk for coronary heart disease, heart attack and stroke. The present patient shows total Cholesterol level 224 mg/dl but the actual range is between 125-200 mg/dl. It means it is diverted by 24 mg/dl which is called as borderline high cholesterol I.e. between 200-239 mg/dl. So patient is advised to reduce the cholesterol level by some medical subscription and balanced diet with physical exercise. Same is found in LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein) cholesterol, the value is 164mg/dl and the range is in between 85-130 mg/dl. This is called LDL high level i.e. 160-189 mg/dl, followed by LDL very high level i.e. > 190 mg/dl. This is bad cholesterol exceed by 34 mg/dl, which may contributes to fatty buildups in arteries. This condition probably narrow the arteries and increases the risk for heart attack, stroke and peripheral artery disease or PAD. The patients triglycerides level and HDL (High Density Lipoprotein) are 133 mg/dl range (25-200 mg/dl) and 38 mg/dl range (35-80mg/dl)respectivelyarealsonormal.The HDL cholesterol are good cholesterol whose higher level are considered actually better while, the triglycerides are the most common type of fat in the body. They store excess energy from your diet. Total triiodothyronine, Total thyroxine, Thyroid stimulating hormones, Blood urea nitrogen, creatinine-serum, Bun/ Sr. Ceratinie ratio,calcium and uric acid and Est. Glomerular filtration rate etc tests are quite normal . The clinical significance of normal creatinine reference interval does not necessarily reflect a normal GFR for a patient, because mild and moderate kidney injury is poorly inferred from serum creatinine alone. Thus, it is recommended for clinical laboratories to routinely estimate glomerular filtration rate (eGFR ), a gold standard measurement for assessment of renal function and report the value when serum creatinine is measuredforpatients 18 and older,when appropriate and feasible. It cannot be measured easily in clinical practice,instead,GFR isestimated from equations using serum creatinine, age and sex. This provides easy to interpret information for the doctor and patient on the degree of renal impairment since it approximately equates to thr percentage of kidney function remaining. Application of CKD-EPI equation together with the other diagnostic tools in renal medicine will further improve the detection and management of patients with CKD. Lastly in the nut cell, the advise to patient is nothing to worry just have regular followupandrequiredbalanced diet with regular physical exercise. Figure: a) 3D Rendering of eosinophil b) Eosinophil Under the microscope RESTRICTING CALORIES AND EXERCISE MORE: Literature survey reveals number of tips forlosingweight or reduction in weight management . Some important tips are as follows. 1. Eat fewer calories, as diet plays a vital role in weight maintenance. 2. Get in the pool, as swimming is a great way to burn calories. 3. Try adaptive sports, as sports will help in weight management. 4. Hit the Gymnasium. 5. Drink ample of water. 6. Breakfast never miss it. 7. Eat balanced diet. 8. Eat slowly and happily. 9. Avoid sugary drinks and fruits juice with sugar. 10. Drink water before meals. 11. Choose weight loss-friendly foods. 12. Eat soluble fibre. 13. Drink coffee or tea. 14. Base your diet on whole foods, food grains. 15. Say No to sweets. 16. Get good quality sleep. 17. Weigh your self everyday. 18. Increase vegetable intake. 19. Stay hydrated. 20. Avoid unhealthy foods. 21. Enjoy super diet. CONCLUSION: So far the large number of people who are concerned with their diet and make an attempt to change their diet patterns, we advise them, dieting must be combined with exercise under the supervision of doctor, dietitian and nutritionist. ACKNOWLEDGMENT: Authors express their thanks to Vardhaman Clinical Laboratory, Parli-vaijnath and Thyocare Laboratory,D- 37/1,TTC,MIDC,Turbhe,Navi Mumbai for analysing the sample. Authors are thankful to Principal Dr. R. K. Ippar, Principal Vaidyanath College, Parli-vaijnath who inspired durring lockdown period to write research paper on your area of interest. Author SML express his sincere thanks to Director and Head of the department of Mechanical Engineering, VIIT, Pune. One of the author MGL is also thankful to H.O.D. Dr. B.V. Kendre,colleaguesMr.A. W.Vadal, Mr. S. V. Renukdas, Mr. P. H. Hardas etc., Department of Chemistry for their valuable discussion on this research topics. Author MGL isexpressingthankstohiswifeSow.Usha Landge and younger son Ruturaj for their pesion durring lockdown periods to complete the research review article. REFERENCES: [1] B. Mastnath., “An impact of Six Week Work Out in the Physical Fitness of Boys Hockey Players of Rohtak., Parul,” International journal of Medicine and Health research., vol 1,issue 4, ISSN 2454-9142.2005. [2] N. S. Welliman, “Eat Better and Move More: A Community - Based Programs Designed to Improve Diets and Increase Physical activity Among Older Americans,” American Journal of Public Health., vol.97,issue 4, pp 710-717,2007, doi 10.2105/AJPH.2001.090522, AMC 1829349. [3] N. S. Wellman,, “ Eat Better and Move More: A Guidebook for Community Programs.,” National Research Center on Nutrition, Physical Activity and Aging., 2004.
  • 5. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470 @ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD30909 | Volume – 4 | Issue – 4 | May-June 2020 Page 240 [4] K. E. Lamb, “Methods for Accounting for Neighbourhood Self-selection in Physical Activity and Dietary Behaviour research: A Systematic Review.,” International journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity., 17, 45, 2020, ISSN 1479-5868. [5] C. M. Hasler, “Functional Foods:Benefits,Concernsand Challenges- A Position Paper from the American Council on Science and health.,” The Journal of Nutrition., vol.132, issue 12, pp 3772-3781,2002, https:/doi.org/10.1093/jn/132.12.3772. [6] J. T. Anderson., “The Effect of Different Food Fats on Serum Cholesterol Concentration in Man.,”The Journal of Nutrition., vol.62, issue 3,pp 421-444,1957. [7] H. C. Bucher, E. Lauren, H. Griffith and G. H. Guyatt, “Systematic Review on the Risk andBenefitofDifferent Cholesterol lowering Interventions.,” Journal of Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology., vol.19,No.2,1999. [8] M. D. Richard, “A. Stein Effects of Different Exercise Training Intensities on Lipoprotein cholesterol fractions in Healthy Middle-aged Men.,” American Heart Journal., vol 119, issue 2, pp 277-283, 1990. [9] J. kreit, N. S. Sampson., “Cholesterol Oxidase: Physiological Functions.,” The FEBS journal. https:// doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.07378X. 2009. [10] M. N. Siddappa., “Assessment of Serum Ferritin Level and Its Correlation With HbA1c in diabetic Nephropathy., ”Asian Journal of Medical Sciences., vol.11/No.2,2020., Doi: https:// doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v11i2.27296. [11] S. Ghosh., “Implementation of Proper Nutrition in Managing Diabetes-A review article.,” Journal of Food Science Research.,volume 2,Issue 1,103,2017. [12] J. J. Power., “Disordered Eating Patterns In University Students and Links With stress Coping: A Literature Review and Discussion.,” Advanced Practiceregistered Nurses.,2,108,2016. [13] H. Xiaojia., “Nanotechnology In Food Science: Functionality, Applicability and Safety assessment.,” Journal of Food and Drug Analysis., volume 24, Issue 4,pp 671-681,2016. [14] S. Salminen., ‘Functional Food Science and Gastrointestinal Physiology and Function., ”British Journal of Nutrition., Volume 80,Issue S 1pp S 147-S 171,1998. [15] H. F. Rosenberg, D. Kimberly, Iyer and S. Paul., “Eosinophils: Changing Perspective in Health and Disease.,” Nature and Publishing Group, Nature Reviews Immunology., 13,1,9-22,2013,doi: 10.1038/nri3341. [16] A. A. Humbles., “A Critical role for Eosinophils in Allergic Airways Remodeling.,” Humbles A.A., Science., 2004,305:1776-1779,doi: 10.1126/science.1100283. [17] A. S. Levey, L. A., Stevens, C. H. Schmid, Y. L. Zhang, A. F. Castro., “A new equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate.,” Levey A. S., 3rd H. I. Feldman, Ann. Intern. Med., 150(9):604-12, 2009. AUTHOR’S BIOGRAPHY: Dr. Mahadev Gangaram Landge, is presently working as Professor in Chemistry at Jawahar Educatio Society’s Vaidyanath College, Parli-vaijnath District Beed of Maharashtra State. Previous to this, he was worked as lecturer in Chemistry at Government Engineering College, Jalgaon, a autonomous Institute of Maharashtra State Government affiliated to North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon from 10-11-1998 to 25-10-2007. He joinedassenior lecturer in physical chemistry at Vaidyanath college, from 26-10-2007 before noon. He has completed his research work under the able guidance of Dr. B.R. Arbad, Professor in Chemistry at Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad in the year 1995. He was lien vacancy lecturer in Chemistry at Dnyanopasak college, Parbhani and recognized P.G.Teacher of Swami Ramanand Teerth University, Nanded. He is research Guide in Chemistry of parent University. Also he is BOS member of Autonomous Government College of Engineering, Jalgaon. He has published 30 research papers in National and International repute and participated in 30 conferences. He has worked as a convenor of one state level conference (Feb.2010) and one National conference (Feb.2015) at Vaidyanath College, Parli-vaijnath sanctioned by U.G.C. New Delhi. Also one national level conference (Feb.2017) sponsored by Vaidyanath Colllege, Parli-vaijnath. He has completed one Minor research Project sanctioned by U.G.C. New Delhi. He is active member of Academic Audit Committee of S.R.T.M.U, Nanded. His area of research is in physical chemistry, analytical chemistry and environmental chemistry. Also In college, he works as event organizer such as well come function, teachersday,WaterManagement;the Need of Future, Soil conservation and Tree plantation awareness campaign, National energy conservation week program, National science day celebration, Anti-corona awareness campaign, send off function, excursion tour on medicinal chemistry and natural products for U.G-P.G. students.