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The document discusses system maintenance. It defines system maintenance as keeping software operational through preventative measures, monitoring, and fixing problems. System maintenance involves three classes: corrective maintenance fixes errors, adaptive maintenance changes functions to satisfy new user needs due to organizational changes, and perfective maintenance adds or modifies programs to enhance performance and respond to additional user needs due to internal or external changes. Post-implementation maintenance refers to maintaining the system after it has been installed and is operational.
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There are four types of program maintenance: corrective, adaptive, preventive, and perfective. Corrective maintenance repairs defects, adaptive maintenance accommodates changing needs/environments, preventive maintenance reduces chances of future failures, and perfective maintenance improves performance, usability, or adds features. To develop systems that are easy to maintain, they should be planned for the future, have correct user specifications, modular design, complete documentation, standards compliance, thorough testing, adequate development time, consideration of end-users, and an awareness of how design impacts maintenance.
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This document discusses system maintenance and post-implementation activities. It describes three types of post-implementation activities: system support, system maintenance, and project support. System support involves helping users operate the new system through help desks, FAQs, and training. System maintenance aims to ensure the system continues meeting needs and involves three types: corrective maintenance which repairs equipment; preventive maintenance like scheduled upkeep to prevent issues; and predictive maintenance using inspections to predict needed repairs. The document provides details on benefits and examples of each maintenance type.
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A quality management system (QMS) is a formalized system that documents processes, procedures, and responsibilities for achieving quality policies and objectives. It involves three main activities: quality assurance which develops organizational standards, quality planning which selects and modifies standards for specific projects, and quality control which ensures best practices are followed to produce quality products.
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Renewable energy is energy that is collected from renewable resources that are naturally replenished on a human timescale. It includes sources such as sunlight, wind, the movement of water, and geothermal heat.[2] Although most renewable energy sources are sustainable, some are not. For example, some biomass sources are considered unsustainable at current rates of exploitation.[3][4] Renewable energy often provides energy for electricity generation to a grid, air and water heating/cooling, and stand-alone power systems.
Since 2011, the amount of renewable Energies within global production grew from 20 to 28%. Thereby fossil and nuclear production shrunk from 68 to 60% and 12 to 10%. The share of hydrogenpower decreased from 16 to 15% while power from sun and wind increased from 2 up to 10% while bio- and biothermal energies grew from 2 on 3%. There are 3.146 Gigawatt installed in 135 countries, while 156 countries have laws ruling renewable energie sector.Renewable energy technology projects are typically large-scale, but they are also suited to rural and remote areas and developing countries, where energy is often crucial in human development.[22][23] As most of the renewable energy technologies provide electricity, renewable energy is often deployed together with further electrification, which has several benefits: electricity can move heat or objects efficiently, and is clean at the point of consumption.[24][25] In addition, electrification with renewable energy is more efficient and therefore leads to significant reductions in primary energy requirements.[26] In 2021, China accounted for almost half of the global increase in renewable electricity.Renewable energy stands in contrast to fossil fuels, which are being used far more quickly than they are being replenished. Renewable energy resources and significant opportunities for energy efficiency exist over wide geographical areas, in contrast to other energy sources, which are concentrated in a limited number of countries. Rapid deployment of renewable energy and energy efficiency, and technological diversification of energy sources, would result in significant energy security and economic benefits.[17] Solar and wind power have got much cheaper.[30] In some cases it will be cheaper to transition to these sources as opposed to continuing to use the current, inefficient, fossil fuels. It would also reduce environmental pollution such as air pollution caused by the burning of fossil fuels, and improve public health, reduce premature mortalities due to pollution and save associated health costs that could amount to trillions of dollars annually.[31][32] Multiple analyses of decarbonization strategies have found that quantified health benefits can significantly offset the costs of implementing these strategies.[33][34]
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The document discusses requirements engineering (RE) and software maintenance. It defines RE as the process of establishing what services a system should provide and constraints it must operate under. RE helps engineers understand problems and builds a foundation for design. The document also discusses why RE is important, types and categories of requirements, and the RE process. It then covers how software maintenance is needed to change systems after delivery, types of maintenance, and factors that influence maintenance costs such as team stability and program age.
management of maintainance
The document discusses software maintenance. It defines software maintenance as modifications made to software after delivery to correct faults, improve performance, or adapt to changes. Maintenance is needed to fix errors, meet changing user requirements, adapt to new hardware/software environments, improve efficiency, and optimize code. The aim of maintenance is to correct errors, enhance software functions, update software, and adapt software to cope with environmental changes. There are four categories of maintenance: corrective, adaptive, perfective, and preventive.
Software maintenance service strategies
Software maintenance is widely accepted as part of the software development lifecycle. It involves all modifications and updates made after initial software delivery. Maintenance is often needed due to changing market conditions, client requirements, host modifications, and organizational changes. Common types of maintenance include corrective, adaptive, perfective, and preventive maintenance. Studies show maintenance costs can be as high as 67% of total software costs, as older software becomes more difficult and costly to maintain due to advancing technology. A standard maintenance process involves identification and analysis of issues, design and implementation of solutions, testing, acceptance, delivery, and ongoing maintenance management.
Implementation & Evaluation of MIS
This Slideshare discuss about
Different methods of MIS implementation
Steps and Task in Implementation of MIS
Evaluation criteria and procedure for MIS
SE - Lecture 13 - Software Evolution and Tech Trends.pptx
This document discusses software evolution and emerging trends in software engineering. It covers topics like evolution processes, program evolution dynamics, software maintenance, and legacy system management. The key points are:
1) Software evolution is an important part of software engineering as systems must change over their lifetime to adapt to changing requirements and environments.
2) There are laws of program evolution that state software maintenance is inevitable, system structure degrades over time without preventative maintenance, and most large projects work in a "saturated" state where changes have little effect.
3) Software maintenance includes fault repairs, environmental adaptations, and functionality additions to address changing needs. It accounts for most IT budgets and focuses more on new requirements than fixes.
Requirements management planning & Requirements change management
Requirements change
Requirements management planning
Requirements change management
Requirements engineering
System Development Life Cycle
The document discusses the system development life cycle (SDLC), which includes 5 stages: system planning, system analysis, system design, system implementation, and system operation. The accountant plays an important role in several of these stages. In system planning, accountants provide expertise in evaluating feasibility and ensuring careful planning. In system analysis, accountants are important players in designing controls. In system design, accountants ensure accounting considerations are included. In implementation, accountants help with training and follow-up studies. In operation, accountants participate in post-implementation reviews and periodic system reviews.
ITGCs.pdf
The document provides an overview of an internal audit webinar on IT general controls (ITGCs). It discusses why ITGCs are important for achieving financial and operational objectives. It outlines the types of controls and reviews the audit process for assessing ITGCs. Key areas covered include access to programs and data, program changes and development, and computer operations. For each area, example existing controls, risks, objectives, and methods for testing controls are described. The purpose is to help attendees understand what ITGCs are, why they are important, and how auditors review them.
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Software Engineering (Requirements Engineering & Software Maintenance)
Software Engineering (Requirements Engineering & Software Maintenance)
SE - Lecture 13 - Software Evolution and Tech Trends.pptx
SE - Lecture 13 - Software Evolution and Tech Trends.pptx
Requirements management planning & Requirements change management
Requirements management planning & Requirements change management
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System
- 1. PRESENTATION BY : KARANVEER SINGH SYSTEM MAINTENANCE
- 2. SYSTEM MAINTENANCE POST IMPLEMENTATION MAINTENANCE
- 4. SYSTEM MAINTENANCE Once a system has been installed and fully operational then the task of system maintenance begins. The maintenance programming term involves keeping the software operational that is undertaking preventive measures to keep computer program running, monitoring the systems operations, fixing problems if any and modifying programs in response to user requirements. System maintenance is an ongoing activity, which covers a wide variety of activities, including removing program and design errors, updating documentation and test data and updating user support. For the purpose of convenience, maintenance may be categorized into three classes, namely: i) Corrective, ii) Adaptive, and iii) Perfective.
- 5. i) Corrective Maintenance: - This type of maintenance implies removing errors in a program, which might have crept in the system due to faulty design or wrong assumptions. Thus, in corrective maintenance, processing or performance failures are repaired. ii) Adaptive Maintenance: - In adaptive maintenance, program functions are changed to enable the information system to satisfy the information needs of the user. This type of maintenance may become necessary because of organizational changes which may include: a) Change in the organizational procedures, b) Change in organizational objectives, goals, policies, etc. c) Change in forms, d) Change in information needs of managers. e) Change in system controls and security needs, etc. CLASSES OF SYSTEM MAINTENANCE
- 6. iii) Perfective Maintenance: - Perfective maintenance means adding new programs or modifying the existing programs to enhance the performance of the information system. This type of maintenance undertaken to respond to user’s additional needs which may be due to the changes within or outside of the organization. Outside changes are primarily environmental changes, which may in the absence of system maintenance, render the information system ineffective and inefficient. These environmental changes include: a) Changes in governmental policies, laws, etc., b) Economic and competitive conditions, and c) New technology.
- 7. SYSTEM MAINTENANCE POST IMPLEMENTATION MAINTENANCE
- 9. POST IMPLEMENTATION (MAINTENANCE MODE)