The document provides an overview of Cisco switching and routing solutions. It defines networking and its components, describes Cisco switches and routers, and explains how to select the appropriate Cisco products. Switches are used to connect devices on a network and transmit data to destinations, while routers connect multiple networks and use routing tables to select transmission paths. Factors like expandability, interfaces, speed, and features should be considered when choosing Cisco switches and routers.

1. December 30,2017
Cisco Switching and Routing
Solutions
By Kenera Network Team
(Keneni & Gadisa)
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2. Main Contents
 Introduction to Networking.
 Brief on Cisco and Kenera.
 Cisco Switches.
 Cisco Routers.
 How to get the right Cisco Products.
 Summary.
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3. Introduction to Networking
 Networking is the interconnection of two or more device on the network
in order to enable transfer of data or information from one place to
another.
 It contains:-
 Physical device
 Computer software
 Protocols
 Logical addressing
Cabling, switches, router etc.
Network driver
Rules that govern the device in the
network during communications
Logical addressing (IP address)
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4. Component of networks
 There are three categories of network components:
 Devices
 End device
 Intermediary device
• Network access(switch and wireless access point).
• Internetworking(router).
• Security(Firewall).
 Media
 Metallic wires within cables
 Glass or plastic fibers
 Wireless transmission
 Services
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5. OSI Model
 OSI model divides computer network architecture into 7 layers in a logical
progression.
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6. IPAddress
 Is the method or protocol by which data is sent from one computer to another on
the Internet.
 IP address can be divided int o two:-
 Private ip address
 Public ip address
Is a non-Internet facing IP address on an internal
network. Examples,
• 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255.
• 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255.
• 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255.
Is an IP address that can be accessed over the
Internet. Examples,
• 0.0.0.0 to 127.255.255.255.
• 128.0.0.0 to 191.255.255.255.
• 192.0.0.0 to 223.255.255.255.
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7. Brief on Cisco and Kenera
 Cisco is an IT company that manufactures and sells networking hardware,
telecommunications equipment and other high-technology services and
products.
Examples of cisco products:-
 Switches.
 Routers.
 Firewall.
 IP Telephone.
 Kenera is the premier cisco partner to provide the affordable, guanine and
latest technologies with superior customer service.
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8. Cisco product can be sold
• Grey market
– No cisco guarantee
– No support and service
– No authorized use of cisco software
– Poor Quality
• Authorized partners/distributor
– cisco guarantee
– Smartnet support
– Technical support and service
– authorized use of cisco software
– Quality
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9. Switch is a computer networking device that connects
devices together on a network.
It is using packet switching to:-
 Receive
 Process
 Forwarding data to the destination device
Switches
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10. Hierarchy of switches
 Switch can be hierchicaly divided into three:-
 Core switches
 Distribution switches
 Access Switches
Core switches:-is a high-capacity switch generally
positioned within the backbone or physical core of a network.
Distribution switches:-its extend the core campus
network into a building.
Access switch:-its lan switch.
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11. Type of switches
 Switches can be called us:-
 Unmanaged switch
 Managed switch
 Unmanaged switches:-simply allows Ethernet devices to communicate
with one another and those are typically what we call “plug and play.”.
Examples:- cisco 100,110,90,95 etc.
 Managed switches:-which allow access to one or more interfaces for
the purpose of configuration or management of features such as :-
 Spanning Tree Protocol
 port speed
 VLANs
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12. …continued
Examples of managed switches:-
 350X series stackable managed switches
 250 series managed switches
 550X series stackable managed switches
 2960-L,X/XR,CX
 3560,CX,E
 3750,E
 3850
 4500E,X
 6500
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13. How to select cisco switches
 The switches has the following attributes:-
 Secure
 QoS
 Fast
 Reliable
 Manageable
 Power density
 Power and cooling
 POE,POE+,UPOE
 Advanced Routing
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14. Cisco Routers
• Router is an electronic device that interconnects two or more
networks
• Has generally 3 main function
• Packet forwarding (routing table, path selection)
• Packet switching (moving packet from interface to interface)
• Packet filtering(firewall)
• Companies that manufacture Routers:
- Cisco - Juniper
- Nortel - Multicom
- Cyclades - Dlink
- Linksys - 3Com
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Router has four basic components:
1. CPU(execute operating system
instruction(routing function switching
function))
2. I/O interfaces
3. Memory(ROM, RAM, NVRAM, Flash)
4. Bus connecting to the component

16. Internal Components
• ROM – Read Only Memory A bootstrap program is located here.
• Flash Internetwork Operating System (IOS) is stored here. IOS is Command
Line Interface (CLI).
• NVRAM - Non Volatile RAM The Startup Configuration of the router is
stored permanently when it is saved here.
• RAM - Random Access Memory It is temporary storage memory where
Running Configuration is stored.
• The size of RAM is greater than NVRAM
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17. Ports on router
• Console ports: Two console ports for the initial configuration, using a regular
RJ-45 port and a new USB Type-B (mini-B USB) connector
• AUX port: An RJ-45 port for remote management access
• LAN interfaces: Two Gigabit Ethernet interfaces for LAN access
• Enhanced high-speed WAN interface card (eHWIC) slots: Two slots that
support different types of interface modules, including serial, digital subscriber
line (DSL), switch port, and wireless
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18. Cisco router IOS
software is responsible for include
• Carrying network protocols and functions.
• Connecting high-speed traffic between devices.
• Adding security to control access and stop unauthorized network use.
• Supplying network reliability for connecting to network resources.
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19. TYPES OF CISCO ROUTERS
• Fixed Router
– Non Upgradeable
– Cannot add and remove the Ethernet or serial interface
– Fixed number of slot
• Modular Router
– Upgradeable
– Can add and remove interface as per requirement
– Number of slots available
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20. Cisco’s Hierarchical design model
• Cisco divided the router into 3 layers
– Access layer router
– Distribution layer router
– Core layer router
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21. Access Layer Router
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• Router which are used by the small organization and also
known as desktop or company layer Routers.
• Router series: 800, 1000, 1600, 2500

22. Distribution Layer Router
• Router which are used by the ISPs and are also known as ISP
layer router
• Router series : 2600, 3200, 3600, 3700
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23. Core Layer Router
• Routers which are used by the Global ISPs and are also known
as Backbone Routers
• Router series : 6400, 7200, 7300, 7400, 7500, 7600, 10000,
12000
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24. Factors to consider When choosing a router :
– Expandability: Provides flexibility to add new modules as needs
change.
– Media: Determines the type of interfaces the router needs to support
the various network connections.
– speed and transmission performance
– Operating system features include security, QoS, VoIP, routing
complexity, VPN
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25. Summary
 Networking is the interconnection of two or more device on the network.
 Network contains the physical(cabling, switches, router etc.),computer
software( using and managing network) and protocol( telecommunication).
 Components of networks are, Device , Media and service.
 Cisco product is affordable ,genuine and latest technology supports like
poe, poe+ and upoe.
 Router connect two or more networks
 Router can be fixed or modular
 Router hierarchically divided into Access, distribution and core layer
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26. “ For your ICT solution “
Thank you!
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