This document discusses the legal challenges to sustainable trading between nations. It provides an overview of the current legal frameworks that govern international trade, including the WTO and various multilateral environmental agreements. Some of the key challenges identified include the fragmentation and lack of harmony between different legal regimes, developing countries lacking resources to implement policies, and the insufficient nature of the WTO to deal with particular environmental concerns. The document concludes that the legal community must work to make approaches and legislation more realistic and enforceable in order to harness law as a force for achieving sustainable development and trading standards.
The document summarizes the role of the World Trade Organization (WTO) during the global economic crisis from 2008-2009. It notes that while global trade declined sharply during the crisis, the existing WTO rules helped limit widespread protectionism and ensured a swifter recovery compared to previous crises. The document highlights monitoring efforts by the WTO to curb protectionism and initiatives to boost trade finance for developing countries. It argues that completing negotiations on further opening markets in areas like agriculture, industrial goods, and services can help foster more equitable and sustainable global trade in the future.
The document discusses bilateral trade agreements. It provides an introduction to bilateral trade agreements, noting they aim to reduce tariffs and trade barriers between two countries to encourage trade and investment. The document outlines some benefits of bilateral agreements like free access to imports with no quotas or taxes, and that they promote greater trade between members. It also discusses some potential downfalls, such as countries possibly moving industries abroad. In conclusion, the document states bilateral agreements generally aim to facilitate business operations and trade between two nations with minimal barriers.
This presentation by Susan F. STONE, Head, Emerging Policy Division, Trade and Agriculture Directorate, OECD, was made during the discussion “Competition provisions in trade agreements” held at the 18th meeting of the OECD Global Forum on Competition on 5 December 2019. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/cpta.
The World Trade Organization (WTO) was established in 1995 as the successor to GATT and has 153 member countries. It aims to liberalize trade through reducing tariffs and quotas. Key functions include administering trade agreements, facilitating negotiations, settling disputes, and providing technical assistance to developing countries. Major decisions are made by consensus of the member countries.
Regional economic cooperation (REG) refers to agreements between countries in a geographic region to reduce and eventually remove trade barriers. REG allows for freer flow of goods, services, and factors of production. There are several forms of REG ranging from free trade areas to political unions. Free trade areas only eliminate tariffs between members but allow individual commercial policies with non-members. Customs unions establish a common external tariff in addition to free trade. Common markets incorporate free movement of capital and labor. Economic unions harmonize economic policies and potentially monetary policies. Political unions establish supranational authorities to coordinate economic and foreign policies. REG can provide economic benefits like economies of scale but also costs like loss of policy control and trade diversion.
This presentation by Teresa MOREIRA, Head, Competition and Consumer Policies Branch, UNCTAD, was made during the discussion “Competition provisions in trade agreements” held at the 18th meeting of the OECD Global Forum on Competition on 5 December 2019. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/cpta.
The document summarizes the role of the World Trade Organization (WTO) during the global economic crisis from 2008-2009. It notes that while global trade declined sharply during the crisis, the existing WTO rules helped limit widespread protectionism and ensured a swifter recovery compared to previous crises. The document highlights monitoring efforts by the WTO to curb protectionism and initiatives to boost trade finance for developing countries. It argues that completing negotiations on further opening markets in areas like agriculture, industrial goods, and services can help foster more equitable and sustainable global trade in the future.
The document discusses bilateral trade agreements. It provides an introduction to bilateral trade agreements, noting they aim to reduce tariffs and trade barriers between two countries to encourage trade and investment. The document outlines some benefits of bilateral agreements like free access to imports with no quotas or taxes, and that they promote greater trade between members. It also discusses some potential downfalls, such as countries possibly moving industries abroad. In conclusion, the document states bilateral agreements generally aim to facilitate business operations and trade between two nations with minimal barriers.
This presentation by Susan F. STONE, Head, Emerging Policy Division, Trade and Agriculture Directorate, OECD, was made during the discussion “Competition provisions in trade agreements” held at the 18th meeting of the OECD Global Forum on Competition on 5 December 2019. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/cpta.
The World Trade Organization (WTO) was established in 1995 as the successor to GATT and has 153 member countries. It aims to liberalize trade through reducing tariffs and quotas. Key functions include administering trade agreements, facilitating negotiations, settling disputes, and providing technical assistance to developing countries. Major decisions are made by consensus of the member countries.
Regional economic cooperation (REG) refers to agreements between countries in a geographic region to reduce and eventually remove trade barriers. REG allows for freer flow of goods, services, and factors of production. There are several forms of REG ranging from free trade areas to political unions. Free trade areas only eliminate tariffs between members but allow individual commercial policies with non-members. Customs unions establish a common external tariff in addition to free trade. Common markets incorporate free movement of capital and labor. Economic unions harmonize economic policies and potentially monetary policies. Political unions establish supranational authorities to coordinate economic and foreign policies. REG can provide economic benefits like economies of scale but also costs like loss of policy control and trade diversion.
This presentation by Teresa MOREIRA, Head, Competition and Consumer Policies Branch, UNCTAD, was made during the discussion “Competition provisions in trade agreements” held at the 18th meeting of the OECD Global Forum on Competition on 5 December 2019. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/cpta.
Cross national cooperation and agreements pptSachin Bohra
The document discusses cross-national cooperation through various international and regional trade agreements and economic integration efforts. It describes the World Trade Organization (WTO) and its role in facilitating global free trade. Various types and examples of regional economic integration are also outlined, including the European Union, NAFTA, and ASEAN. The key effects and structures of economic integration agreements are summarized.
This document discusses various aspects of international law and organizations. It covers the two main sources of international law - customary law and conventional law. It also describes several key international organizations like WIPO, WTO, USITC and ILO. Finally, it outlines different types of international agreements for trade, including bilateral, multilateral, trade and investment framework agreements, and free trade agreements like NAFTA and EEA, as well as the Marrakesh Agreement that established the WTO.
We will first look at the world trading system as it has evolved under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and the establishment ot a permanent international institution known as the World Trade Organization (WTO).
This document discusses regional integration among developing countries from a social constructivist perspective. It first outlines the key ideas of social constructivism in international relations, namely that the international system exists through intersubjective ideas and can change as ideas change. It then uses the case study of regional integration to discuss how integration has four stages and aims to reduce discrimination, while cooperation involves concerted actions in areas of common interest. Regarding regional integration among developing countries, the document discusses how it was seen as promoting development but largely failed to increase intra-regional trade or serve as an alternative to trade with industrialized nations. It concludes that while regional integration encouraged some reforms, trade benefits were not achieved and a shift toward cooperation may be more effective.
This presentation by Anna Caroline MÜLLER, Legal Affairs Officer, WTO, was made during the discussion “Competition provisions in trade agreements” held at the 18th meeting of the OECD Global Forum on Competition on 5 December 2019. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/cpta.
The document discusses regional trade systems and the principles of the international trading system. It outlines five key principles: non-discrimination, reciprocity, binding and enforceable commitments, transparency, and safety valves. It then lists recommendations to promote free trade, continue institutions like the WTO, progressively deregulate and free trade while providing consumer information, and assist poor countries in participating in the international trading system.
Harmonising International Commercial Law in Africa: Rationale, Achievements a...Stephanie van der Walt
This presentation prefaces a working paper that sets out to highlight the role of cross-border business law in the context of intra-regional trade and economic integration, particularly as it relates to Africa’s agricultural sector. International efforts are underway to better understand coordinate this nexus, however, within the African development framework, there is much room for improvement.
The discussion provides a brief overview of the rationale for regional integration with an emphasis on intra-regional trade and the role of private international law in facilitating the desired outcomes. The operation of OHADA is explained as an example of regional efforts to harmonise commercial regulation, along with the unique challenges encountered within the African context.
The World Trade Organization (WTO) is the international body that oversees global trade rules between nations. Its key functions are to liberalize trade, ensure trade flows smoothly and predictably, and provide a forum to resolve trade disputes. It has 164 member countries representing over 90% of global trade. The WTO helps establish standards and agreements on issues like agriculture, services, intellectual property, and trade remedies to facilitate fair competition.
This presentation, by G. Deniz Both, Independent Researcher, (PHD from King's College London and LL.M from University of East Anglia), was made during the discussion “Regional Competition Agreements: Benefits and Challenges”, held during the 17th OECD Global Forum on Competition on 29 November 2018. More documents and presentations on this topic can be found at oe.cd/rca.
Regional economic integration refers to agreements among countries in a geographic region to reduce and ultimately remove trade barriers. Different levels of integration exist, from free trade areas with no barriers to goods and services, to customs unions with common external trade policies, to economic and monetary unions with synchronized fiscal and monetary policies and a shared currency. While integration increases economic growth and political cooperation, it also risks loss of sovereignty and job losses as domestic industries become uncompetitive. The formation of the European Union sought to foster lasting peace and economic power in Europe following two world wars.
About PTA, Indian PTA, level of economic integration, Pros cons, Unilateral, bilateral and multilateral, indian few PTA, FTA, Chile, Mercosur, Malaysia, AFGHANISTAN, TAHILAND, BANGLADESH, JAPAN.
This document discusses several key concepts related to conducting business internationally, including:
1) Factors that companies must consider when doing business globally such as regulations, trade barriers, and cultural differences between countries.
2) Methods that governments use to both restrict and encourage international trade such as tariffs, quotas, free trade agreements, and free trade zones.
3) Main entry modes for companies to enter foreign markets like franchising, licensing, and joint ventures.
4) Major international trade organizations including the IMF, World Bank, and WTO and their roles in promoting global economic cooperation.
The document discusses different levels of economic integration between countries, ranging from free trade areas to economic unions. It examines the costs and benefits of integration, including trade creation and diversion. The European Union represents the highest level of integration, with free movement of goods, services, capital and people. Other regions like North America and Latin America have also pursued various economic agreements to boost trade and investment. International businesses must consider the opportunities and challenges presented by increasing economic integration between countries.
The document discusses the EU FLEGT Action Plan, which aims to curb illegal logging by restricting imports of illegal wood and supporting governance in partner countries through Voluntary Partnership Agreements (VPAs). VPAs require partner countries to establish systems for verifying legal timber and issuing FLEGT licenses for exports. Several countries have signed VPAs, but the process takes many years. Lessons for REDD include that changing sector behavior takes time, and carbon verification will require independent monitoring like FLEGT to be credible.
Sales of services are generally effectuated through employment and consulting contracts, which would seem to indicate that such transactions are purely private in nature. Several rule-based sale of services would be provided in this presentation
This presentation by WORLD BANK, was made during the discussion “Competition provisions in trade agreements” held at the 18th meeting of the OECD Global Forum on Competition on 5 December 2019. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/cpta.
An Introduction to Non-Tariff Barriers and WTO RulesSimon Lacey
This is a lecture that I recently gave at the Ministry of Trade in Indonesia to kick off a series of lectures I will perform there over the final months of 2013 on NTBs and what Indonesia can do about them
The document discusses the world trading system, including the multilateral World Trade Organization (WTO) and regional trade agreements (RTAs). It provides details on the history and structure of the WTO, including its three main agreements (GATT, GATS, TRIPS) and dispute settlement process. It also discusses the increase in the number of RTAs and reasons for this, such as the slowness of WTO negotiations. In summary, the document outlines the key components of the global trading system and how regional and multilateral agreements interact within this system.
This document discusses regulatory cooperation under the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) agreement between the EU and US, specifically regarding agrifood trade. It notes that while both sides share the goal of food safety, their regulatory approaches differ. The document outlines proposals for TTIP chapters on regulatory cooperation and sanitary and phytosanitary measures that emphasize mutual recognition and equivalence. However, it also acknowledges that previous regulatory cooperation efforts have had limited success and that claims of ambitious regulatory changes through TTIP were overstated and faced significant opposition.
Cross national cooperation and agreements pptSachin Bohra
The document discusses cross-national cooperation through various international and regional trade agreements and economic integration efforts. It describes the World Trade Organization (WTO) and its role in facilitating global free trade. Various types and examples of regional economic integration are also outlined, including the European Union, NAFTA, and ASEAN. The key effects and structures of economic integration agreements are summarized.
This document discusses various aspects of international law and organizations. It covers the two main sources of international law - customary law and conventional law. It also describes several key international organizations like WIPO, WTO, USITC and ILO. Finally, it outlines different types of international agreements for trade, including bilateral, multilateral, trade and investment framework agreements, and free trade agreements like NAFTA and EEA, as well as the Marrakesh Agreement that established the WTO.
We will first look at the world trading system as it has evolved under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and the establishment ot a permanent international institution known as the World Trade Organization (WTO).
This document discusses regional integration among developing countries from a social constructivist perspective. It first outlines the key ideas of social constructivism in international relations, namely that the international system exists through intersubjective ideas and can change as ideas change. It then uses the case study of regional integration to discuss how integration has four stages and aims to reduce discrimination, while cooperation involves concerted actions in areas of common interest. Regarding regional integration among developing countries, the document discusses how it was seen as promoting development but largely failed to increase intra-regional trade or serve as an alternative to trade with industrialized nations. It concludes that while regional integration encouraged some reforms, trade benefits were not achieved and a shift toward cooperation may be more effective.
This presentation by Anna Caroline MÜLLER, Legal Affairs Officer, WTO, was made during the discussion “Competition provisions in trade agreements” held at the 18th meeting of the OECD Global Forum on Competition on 5 December 2019. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/cpta.
The document discusses regional trade systems and the principles of the international trading system. It outlines five key principles: non-discrimination, reciprocity, binding and enforceable commitments, transparency, and safety valves. It then lists recommendations to promote free trade, continue institutions like the WTO, progressively deregulate and free trade while providing consumer information, and assist poor countries in participating in the international trading system.
Harmonising International Commercial Law in Africa: Rationale, Achievements a...Stephanie van der Walt
This presentation prefaces a working paper that sets out to highlight the role of cross-border business law in the context of intra-regional trade and economic integration, particularly as it relates to Africa’s agricultural sector. International efforts are underway to better understand coordinate this nexus, however, within the African development framework, there is much room for improvement.
The discussion provides a brief overview of the rationale for regional integration with an emphasis on intra-regional trade and the role of private international law in facilitating the desired outcomes. The operation of OHADA is explained as an example of regional efforts to harmonise commercial regulation, along with the unique challenges encountered within the African context.
The World Trade Organization (WTO) is the international body that oversees global trade rules between nations. Its key functions are to liberalize trade, ensure trade flows smoothly and predictably, and provide a forum to resolve trade disputes. It has 164 member countries representing over 90% of global trade. The WTO helps establish standards and agreements on issues like agriculture, services, intellectual property, and trade remedies to facilitate fair competition.
This presentation, by G. Deniz Both, Independent Researcher, (PHD from King's College London and LL.M from University of East Anglia), was made during the discussion “Regional Competition Agreements: Benefits and Challenges”, held during the 17th OECD Global Forum on Competition on 29 November 2018. More documents and presentations on this topic can be found at oe.cd/rca.
Regional economic integration refers to agreements among countries in a geographic region to reduce and ultimately remove trade barriers. Different levels of integration exist, from free trade areas with no barriers to goods and services, to customs unions with common external trade policies, to economic and monetary unions with synchronized fiscal and monetary policies and a shared currency. While integration increases economic growth and political cooperation, it also risks loss of sovereignty and job losses as domestic industries become uncompetitive. The formation of the European Union sought to foster lasting peace and economic power in Europe following two world wars.
About PTA, Indian PTA, level of economic integration, Pros cons, Unilateral, bilateral and multilateral, indian few PTA, FTA, Chile, Mercosur, Malaysia, AFGHANISTAN, TAHILAND, BANGLADESH, JAPAN.
This document discusses several key concepts related to conducting business internationally, including:
1) Factors that companies must consider when doing business globally such as regulations, trade barriers, and cultural differences between countries.
2) Methods that governments use to both restrict and encourage international trade such as tariffs, quotas, free trade agreements, and free trade zones.
3) Main entry modes for companies to enter foreign markets like franchising, licensing, and joint ventures.
4) Major international trade organizations including the IMF, World Bank, and WTO and their roles in promoting global economic cooperation.
The document discusses different levels of economic integration between countries, ranging from free trade areas to economic unions. It examines the costs and benefits of integration, including trade creation and diversion. The European Union represents the highest level of integration, with free movement of goods, services, capital and people. Other regions like North America and Latin America have also pursued various economic agreements to boost trade and investment. International businesses must consider the opportunities and challenges presented by increasing economic integration between countries.
The document discusses the EU FLEGT Action Plan, which aims to curb illegal logging by restricting imports of illegal wood and supporting governance in partner countries through Voluntary Partnership Agreements (VPAs). VPAs require partner countries to establish systems for verifying legal timber and issuing FLEGT licenses for exports. Several countries have signed VPAs, but the process takes many years. Lessons for REDD include that changing sector behavior takes time, and carbon verification will require independent monitoring like FLEGT to be credible.
Sales of services are generally effectuated through employment and consulting contracts, which would seem to indicate that such transactions are purely private in nature. Several rule-based sale of services would be provided in this presentation
This presentation by WORLD BANK, was made during the discussion “Competition provisions in trade agreements” held at the 18th meeting of the OECD Global Forum on Competition on 5 December 2019. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/cpta.
An Introduction to Non-Tariff Barriers and WTO RulesSimon Lacey
This is a lecture that I recently gave at the Ministry of Trade in Indonesia to kick off a series of lectures I will perform there over the final months of 2013 on NTBs and what Indonesia can do about them
The document discusses the world trading system, including the multilateral World Trade Organization (WTO) and regional trade agreements (RTAs). It provides details on the history and structure of the WTO, including its three main agreements (GATT, GATS, TRIPS) and dispute settlement process. It also discusses the increase in the number of RTAs and reasons for this, such as the slowness of WTO negotiations. In summary, the document outlines the key components of the global trading system and how regional and multilateral agreements interact within this system.
This document discusses regulatory cooperation under the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) agreement between the EU and US, specifically regarding agrifood trade. It notes that while both sides share the goal of food safety, their regulatory approaches differ. The document outlines proposals for TTIP chapters on regulatory cooperation and sanitary and phytosanitary measures that emphasize mutual recognition and equivalence. However, it also acknowledges that previous regulatory cooperation efforts have had limited success and that claims of ambitious regulatory changes through TTIP were overstated and faced significant opposition.
The document provides an overview of the World Trade Organization (WTO). It discusses that the WTO is an intergovernmental organization that regulates international trade and replaced the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) in 1995. The WTO aims to help the trading system become more transparent, fair and predictable through agreements and by settling trade disputes between members. It also provides technical assistance to developing countries. The document outlines the structure, functions, principles and relevant agreements of the WTO including TRIPS and TRIMS as well as its role in promoting development.
The document provides an overview of the World Trade Organization (WTO). It discusses that the WTO is an intergovernmental organization that regulates international trade and replaced the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade in 1995. The key functions and structure of the WTO are described, including administering trade agreements, resolving disputes, and establishing principles like most favored nation. Agreements within the WTO like TRIPS and TRIMS are also summarized. The role and relevance of the WTO for developing countries is highlighted.
Presentation by Frank van Tongeren, Head, OECD Policies in Trade and Agriculture Division, at the joint meeting of the OECD Regulatory Policy Committee and Trade Committee on 5 November 2015, Session 1: Learning more about IRC mechanisms, Paris, 5 November 2015. Further information is available at http://www.oecd.org/gov/regulatory-policy/irc.htm.
International Regulatory Cooperation The regulatory perspectiveOECD Governance
Presentation by Nick Malyshev, Head, OECD Regulatory Policy Division, at the Joint meeting of the OECD Regulatory Policy Committee and Trade Committee on 5 November 2015, Session 1: Learning more about IRC mechanisms, Paris, 5 November 2015. Further information is available at http://www.oecd.org/gov/regulatory-policy/irc.htm.
Presentation by Nick Malyshev, Head, Regulatory Policy Division, OECD, at the II Competition and Regulation Forum: “Reaching for market efficiency” which took place in Mexico on 9-10 January 2018. Further information is available at www.oecd.org/gov/regulatory-policy/.
The document discusses the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the differences between it and its predecessor, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). The WTO was established in 1995 and has 164 member countries. It aims to raise living standards through sustainable development and trade liberalization. Key differences between the WTO and GATT include that the WTO has a stronger, more rules-based dispute settlement system and its agreements cover both goods and services. However, some criticize that WTO decisions favor developed nations.
WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION COMPLETE DETAILS RELATED TO WTO Gaurav Purohit
COMPLETE NOTES ON WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION COVERING LOGO AND WTO IM NUTSHELL, SOME FACTS RELATED TO WTO, FUNCTIONS OF WTO, OBJECTIVES, NEED AND STRUCTURE
Session 11.2 - Environment-related Provisions in FTAs - Prepared by R.Lindaya...WinardiZainal1
The document provides an overview of environmental provisions in free trade agreements (FTAs). It discusses both the pros and cons of FTAs' environmental impacts. Historical trends show that early agreements like GATT and NAFTA introduced environmental concepts, with NAFTA being the first to incorporate comprehensive provisions. Common objectives of environmental provisions are sustainable development and improving cooperation and standards. Main types of provisions protect laws, encourage cooperation, and provide implementation mechanisms. Developing countries have concerns that provisions could be barriers or burdensome without capacity building. Considerations for Indonesia include the nature and costs of obligations as well as assistance needed.
Introducción sobre el Acuerdo de Obstáculos Técnicos al Comercio de la Organización Mundial del Comercio
Con un enfoque más amplio, en esta presentación se describe la participación estructurada de los elementos de la Infraestructura de Calidad, Metrología, Normalización y Evaluación de la conformidad en favor de una articulación efectiva de los compromisos del Acuerdo a los Obstáculos Técnicos al Comercio entre los países firmantes.
The presentation is about the multilateral trading system and how small states participate in trade politics in the global level. It explores the current status of the WTO and the Doha Round.
The document provides an overview of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and its relevance to India. It discusses that the WTO was formed in 1995 to replace the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). The objectives of the WTO include promoting multilateral trade and reducing barriers to free trade. India is a founding member of the WTO and the organization's rules have impacted India's agriculture, services, and intellectual property sectors. The document also outlines some of the key WTO agreements such as GATT, GATS, TRIPS, and provisions related to market access, domestic support, and export subsidies in agriculture.
The WTO was established in 1995 to replace the GATT due to its limitations. It oversees international trade and provides a framework for negotiating trade agreements and resolving disputes. It is member-driven and makes decisions by consensus. The WTO aims to help trade flow smoothly and deals specifically with trade in goods, services, and intellectual property. It also provides support for developing countries and organizes trade negotiations like the Doha Round.
World Trade Organization - functions, principles and trade agreements
Case Studies include USA vs Mexico (Tuna), USA vs ASIA (Shrimp) and USA vs EU (Poultry)
The WTO was established in 1995 and has 153 member countries. It aims to liberalize trade through transparent and non-discriminatory policies. Key WTO principles include transparency in laws and regulations, non-discrimination between domestic and foreign goods, progressive trade liberalization through negotiations, and special treatment for developing countries. As a new member, Any Country will have opportunities to participate in negotiations while also receiving benefits like exemptions or extended timelines for implementing agreements.
ISO14001: what do the key changes mean for business and how should organisati...Ardea International
Organisations that wish to implement ISO14001 or retain certification will have to understand the key changes to the standard. The briefing also covered how to demonstrate compliance with the new 'compliance obligations'
The document summarizes the key changes between the existing ISO 14001 standard and the revised version. Some of the major changes include a stronger focus on leadership and strategic planning, broader consideration of environmental context and stakeholder needs, specific commitments to sustainable development, extending environmental management to suppliers, and an increased emphasis on compliance, risk, and performance tracking. The revisions require a more holistic and process-oriented approach to environmental management.
The regulatory landscape on human rights compliance is changing. There are greater requirements for disclosure and companies having proper due diligence procedures in place. The UN Guiding Principles on business and human rights, although not a legal framework, is set to be a gamechanger.
Why do companies need to consider embedding the UN Guiding principles on business and human rights? What is the current status of the UK Modern slavery Act? What other developments are we seeing?
Measuring ROI of sustainability in the sports sector- preliminary findingsArdea International
During 2014 we extended our pilot study on measuring Return on Investment( ROI) on sustainability measures in the sports industry. This presentation at the BASIS conference in Cardiff presents some of the preliminary findings and conculsions
Why is RoI from sustainability important to the sports industry? We are extending our pilot study- here are more details about the research and how you can get involved
The document summarizes a workshop on applying the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs) to combat human trafficking. It discusses how the UNGPs establish universal standards for companies to prevent human rights violations and ensure victims have access to remedies. It notes how various jurisdictions are implementing measures aligned with the UNGPs, and outlines how companies can operationalize the UNGPs by addressing risks, procedures, supply chains, training, and reporting.
What are the ethics of volunteering? How can this relate to sport? What is the impact of CSR programmes on volunteering? This outline is from a presentation to BASIS in 2012 and raises questions for companies and individuals about volunteerism
This presentation covers a legal perspective of CSR and potential liabilities for companies and directors. The emphasis on CSR being voluntary may have characterised the mainstream approach to CSR prior to the turn of the millennium. This is no longer the case
Applying the UN Guiding Principles on business and human rights in the fight ...Ardea International
Summary slideshare of detailed paper available at www.financingagainsttrafficking.org.
The UN Guiding Principles on business and human rights are seen as a game changer. How do they apply to human trafficking? What should business be doing to reduce the risks of human trafficking in their supply chain?
2013: what happened? A summary on corporate sustainability Ardea International
This document summarizes corporate sustainability trends in 2013. Key points include:
- Top management leadership is important for embedding sustainability in corporate strategy and governance. Customers are also pushing companies to address sustainability issues like the environment and working conditions.
- With lack of government action, NGOs have increased pressure on companies for transparency on issues like carbon emissions. Stock exchanges also began requiring sustainability reporting. Shareholders filed more proposals on social and environmental risks.
- Mandatory reporting increased in many places. New sustainability reporting standards were introduced to focus on material issues and provide information to investors. However, corporate risk management still often fails to incorporate sustainability risks.
- Issues like resource shortages, extreme weather, and
The significance of the ICJ decision in Pulp Mills on the River Uruguay for m...Ardea International
Although the Pulp Mills case was heard in 2010, there is a likelihood that a second case will be brought. It strengthens the case for MNCs to assume a role in the advancement of international environmental law and Business and Human Rights
Sports sector study towards ISO20121 and Return on Investment of Sustainability Ardea International
A summary of a research project carried out in the UK to measure the financial benefits/ return on investment to organisations in the sporting industry who either have ISO20121 or adopted any alternative sustainability strategy. Full report to be published @CLTenvirolaw
Slideshareersion strategic report regulations guidance for companies and inv...Ardea International
Environmental, social governance issues have financial implications on how companies recognise, diagnose, manage and disclose their information. The legal and investor angle is discussed, together with how to diagnose the financial risk
A combined solution to compliance and risk management for sustainability repo...Ardea International
The UK has introduced new regulations for business on how to report. Integration of risk and strategy is key. Diagnostics to help define material social and environmental risk will save costs. Compliance with legal obligations will also be key.
New UK Reporting Regulations in force October 2013: What is a strategic report? Ardea International
All UK companies, except small ones will be required to produce a strategic report from October 2013. This presentation sets out key requirements and potential director's liabilities for getting it wrong.
Corporate human rights reporting- why and what's needed? Ardea International
The document discusses the importance and requirements of corporate human rights reporting. It notes that while protecting human rights was traditionally the role of governments, companies now have a responsibility to respect human rights under the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights. The UK and EU are introducing new regulations requiring large companies to publicly report on their human rights impacts and policies. While small companies are exempt, all companies should adhere to the UN Principles. The document provides guidance on how companies should determine the scope of issues to report on, address complicity concerns, and ensure ongoing performance tracking on human rights.
This document discusses the legal challenges of sustainable trading under international and domestic laws. It provides an overview of key frameworks like the WTO and multilateral environmental agreements, and notes conflicts between facilitating trade and protecting the environment. Some challenges identified are fragmentation between legal systems, lack of resources for developing countries, overlapping/conflicting environmental laws, and insufficient mechanisms for disputes and public participation. It concludes that the legal community must help make approaches and legislation more realistic and enforceable to balance trade and sustainable development goals.
Top mailing list providers in the USA.pptxJeremyPeirce1
Discover the top mailing list providers in the USA, offering targeted lists, segmentation, and analytics to optimize your marketing campaigns and drive engagement.
Zodiac Signs and Food Preferences_ What Your Sign Says About Your Tastemy Pandit
Know what your zodiac sign says about your taste in food! Explore how the 12 zodiac signs influence your culinary preferences with insights from MyPandit. Dive into astrology and flavors!
IMPACT Silver is a pure silver zinc producer with over $260 million in revenue since 2008 and a large 100% owned 210km Mexico land package - 2024 catalysts includes new 14% grade zinc Plomosas mine and 20,000m of fully funded exploration drilling.
The 10 Most Influential Leaders Guiding Corporate Evolution, 2024.pdfthesiliconleaders
In the recent edition, The 10 Most Influential Leaders Guiding Corporate Evolution, 2024, The Silicon Leaders magazine gladly features Dejan Štancer, President of the Global Chamber of Business Leaders (GCBL), along with other leaders.
buy old yahoo accounts buy yahoo accountsSusan Laney
As a business owner, I understand the importance of having a strong online presence and leveraging various digital platforms to reach and engage with your target audience. One often overlooked yet highly valuable asset in this regard is the humble Yahoo account. While many may perceive Yahoo as a relic of the past, the truth is that these accounts still hold immense potential for businesses of all sizes.
Recruiting in the Digital Age: A Social Media MasterclassLuanWise
In this masterclass, presented at the Global HR Summit on 5th June 2024, Luan Wise explored the essential features of social media platforms that support talent acquisition, including LinkedIn, Facebook, Instagram, X (formerly Twitter) and TikTok.
Taurus Zodiac Sign: Unveiling the Traits, Dates, and Horoscope Insights of th...my Pandit
Dive into the steadfast world of the Taurus Zodiac Sign. Discover the grounded, stable, and logical nature of Taurus individuals, and explore their key personality traits, important dates, and horoscope insights. Learn how the determination and patience of the Taurus sign make them the rock-steady achievers and anchors of the zodiac.
Digital Transformation and IT Strategy Toolkit and TemplatesAurelien Domont, MBA
This Digital Transformation and IT Strategy Toolkit was created by ex-McKinsey, Deloitte and BCG Management Consultants, after more than 5,000 hours of work. It is considered the world's best & most comprehensive Digital Transformation and IT Strategy Toolkit. It includes all the Frameworks, Best Practices & Templates required to successfully undertake the Digital Transformation of your organization and define a robust IT Strategy.
Editable Toolkit to help you reuse our content: 700 Powerpoint slides | 35 Excel sheets | 84 minutes of Video training
This PowerPoint presentation is only a small preview of our Toolkits. For more details, visit www.domontconsulting.com
Industrial Tech SW: Category Renewal and CreationChristian Dahlen
Every industrial revolution has created a new set of categories and a new set of players.
Multiple new technologies have emerged, but Samsara and C3.ai are only two companies which have gone public so far.
Manufacturing startups constitute the largest pipeline share of unicorns and IPO candidates in the SF Bay Area, and software startups dominate in Germany.
Event Report - SAP Sapphire 2024 Orlando - lots of innovation and old challengesHolger Mueller
Holger Mueller of Constellation Research shares his key takeaways from SAP's Sapphire confernece, held in Orlando, June 3rd till 5th 2024, in the Orange Convention Center.
1. What are the legal
challenges to
sustainable trading??
2. Introduction
• Purpose of law
• Global society experienced extensive economic
integration
• What are we covering?
• Not looking in detail to environmental litigation
• Trade/environment conflict realized in multiple
legal domains
• Policy agenda broader, still evolving
3. The importance of definitions
• What is sustainable trade ?
• Start with the concept of ‘sustainable
development’
• Acceptance that trade policy needs to reflect
the potential effects of trade on the
environment
4. Current legal framework
• Network of legal frameworks developed to
facilitate international trade and reduce
transaction costs
• Myrid of legal norms
• Central to this Gatt
• Article XX
• Creation of WTO
5. WTO
• Goal of the WTO
• Not looking for answers to environmental
problems
• Political pressure forced environment and
sustainable development onto the agenda
• Sustainable development included in preamble
Marrakesh agreement
• Dispute settlement body
• Committee on Trade and Environment
6. Legal framework
• International laws
• Policy
• Principle 21 Stockholm Declaration
• Most states belong to the WTO and rules of
international trade affect how UK and EU
regulates environmental protection
• E U legal framework – Directives, Regulations
• Multilateral agreements
7. Multilateral Agreements
• Treaty signed and binding upon more than
two states
• Currently 200 MEA’s in force
• A critical issue in trade/ environment debate is
relationship between trade rules and
mulitlateral agreements e.g. Kyoto
Protocol, Cites
• Relationship between MLA and WTO rules is
still unresolved
8. Other Developments
• Role of business
• Trade and social issues
• Increase in CSR reporting
• Increasing role of international standards
• Development of Eco-labelling
• Disputes over ‘like products’
• Market mechanisms
9. Challenges
• Fragmentation, lack of harmony
• Developing countries lack of resources
• Domestic challenges in implementing policies and laws
• Environmental laws often overlap/ conflict rather than
complement
• Post Copenhagen
• Policy – still evolving
• WTO insufficient to deal with particular environmental
concerns
• Regulatory effects of trade agreements
10. Challenges (2)
• Handling of disputes
• Arbitration
• ICJ
• WTO
• What about domestic disputes?
• Lack of public participation
• Weakness of government institutions
• Enforcement
11. Challenges (3)
• Voluntary implementation of ‘sustainability’
• Not all states can participate in development
of international standards
• Creation of international trading schemes with
harmanonised rules on reporting
12. Conclusions
• Law must not be considered an absolute in
adoption of climate and trade policies
• WTO
• Recognize major role trade can play in achieving
sustainable development
• Ensure development international standards not
unduly restricted
• Encourage behaviour that lead to sustainable
trading – CSR/ Supply chain management
• Develop conflict resolutions mechanisms
13. Conclusions
• Legal community is powerful force to harness
• International jurists, legal scholars and
professionals including lawyers and the media
can make a strong contribution
• Make approach more realistic
• Make legislation more enforceable
• Critical role of law
Purpose of law is to create an institutional setting Over the past 50 years trade growth in the global economy has been enormous and has led to trade liberalization. We accept that trade is critical to global economic development. The link between trade and the environment was fist recognized in the 1970s ( Rachel Carson’s silent spring) and in 1973 Stockholm conference on Human Environment was held regarding the impact of economic growth and social development and the environment . The liberalization of trade has allowed companies to choose the most cost effective place for doing business. The impact of this has been to tranformtradtional economies of scale from a nation to global level. Production is seen in global not just regional terms. This has lead to large scale production of The impact on environmental laws . Large scale production located in areas where there are insufficent environmental controls to manage impacts. It is clear that as the global econnomy has grown there is a correlation of a growing environmental crises facing the planted and its inhabitants that trade/ enviironemtnal relationship is critical
To answer the question of what sustainable trading is , one has to consider the definition of sustainable development.987 Bruntland Report – pursues three competing principles environmental protection, economic development and social development No set definition but implies a trading system that does not harm the environment or deteriorate social conditions while promoting ecomonical growth.
International environmental law is dynamic , characterized by high degree of experimentation Major challenges facing international environmental law is need to integrate myrid legal norms for environmental protection and integrate environmental rules with rules governing international trade and finance, protection of intellectual property, human rights and other areas. Also public international law is mainly about rights and duties of states and in the environmental sphere has not been greatly concerned with the rights of individuals within states. But the limits to this approach are beginning to appear as some international law obligations effectively’bite on individuals and companies. Article XX provided a special regime for states and public welfare in other areas, even if this meant breaching trade obligations to do so. At the same time , At xx placed specific conditions on states when they exercised this right. The WTO is the outcome of the reform of GATT
Goal of the WTO is to liberalize trade, ensure trade rules do not hinder domestic environmental protection and ensure environmental policy does not act as obstacle to international trade1994 specific reference to sustainable development Wto dispute settlement body has dealt with a variety of policy objectives, from conservation of sea turtles to human health posed by air pollution. Wto jurisprudence has affirmed WTO rules do not take precedence over environmental concerns. The Committee on Trade and Environment is a forum for dialogue on trade on the environment. One of the issues raised has been the relationship between WTO and multilateral agreements.
As the understanding of global nature of environmental impact grows , not just trade and environment, there is increasing recognition that principles and rules must be developed in international arena to address common issues. Cannot look at environmental laws without looking at how polices affect certain objectives . Law is central to managing the environment despite the increasing use of voluntary approaches and market mechanisms such as taxes, subsidies and instruments that affect the behavior of consumers. Principle 21- foundational texts of international environmental law- encapsulates the tension at the heart of international environmental law. On one hand states can exploit their own resources according to their environmental polices, , on other hand an obligation not to harm other states or areas beyond their jurisdiction.
A multilateral agreement is a treaty signed by and binding upon more than two states. Many multilateral agreements create international institutions or international organizations.About 20 include provisions that can affect trade. The question is whether measures under a multilateral agreement are compatible with WTO rules. For example a multilateral agreement could authorize trade win a specific product between parties, but ban trade in some countries that have not signed the agreement.Appellate Body of WTO has recognized the importance of MEAs to understanding the application of trade rules ( Shrimp Turtle case between US and Malaysia, India, Pakistan and Thailand
One cannot consider the legal challenges to sustainable trading without looking at the role of business in seeking to gain competitive advantage as well as manage its reputation by recognizing and reporting on its impact on the environment . Sustainable trading also involves social issues. The vast expansion in trade and investment has had a profound effect on labor practices around the world. Should there be a link between the right of nations to engage in international trade and respect the basic rights of labour? The increase in corporate social reporting, managing sustainability of supply chains, arguably increases the need for the law to meet the challenge of change. Increasing role of international standards relating to sustainable development are beginning to play. International standards are non legally binding instruments that may be developed and applied by industrial grpi;s, NGO’s and formal standard setting bodies such as the International Standards Organiszation (Iso) and more. These groups are increasingly turning their attention to environment, social and human rights issues that together make up the complete notion of sustainable development. The development of eco labeling has in the EU become regulated under EU Directive for certain products, whereas many eco labels are voluntary and outside the control of WTO rules. There are tensions between those that support eco-labels as a critical tool in harnessing market forces in support of SD and other argue that it hinders market access unfairly and often without any consideration of the actual environmental conditions in the country where the product is made.Issue is future disputes likely to arise on what are like products
Fragmentation and lack on harmony in international law Many developing countries lack financial, scientific, technical or economic capacity to meet trade law obligations to enact environmental protection. There are also domestic challenges in implementing policies and laws The rules require careful linkages between the level of environmental protection being sought and the measure to achieve them. Some of the conditions and tests that mist be met ( such as scientific risk assessments require a high level of capacity and financial requirements and very few developing countries can meet these requirements.
Environmental disputes at a domestic and international level are becoming more frequent. Resolving disputes at international level is problematic as generally only states are parties and both states must accept jurisdiction of the court or tribunal. Not all disputes are legal disputes. At international level non legal routes are preferred. If they need to be resolved formally they tend to be settled by arbitration. Very little resort is made to the ICT ( UN body consisting of 15 judges elected by General Assemblies and security council. The appellate body of the WTO can hear environment cases. Nongovernmental organizations have not been allowed as observers to negotiations. WTO began a series of workshops between the Secretariat, NGO and national delegation representatives Enforcement is an issue as there are not usually an enforcement body with the power to impose effective sanctions. This means a range of other methods are used to induce compliance . International law cannot be enforced in the same ay as domestic law and even EC law. The limited role or the courts in resolving international environmental disputes is also not clear.
WTO pivotal in helping to strike an appropriate balance between the interests of states to trade feeling and maintain control over questions of environment and natural resource protection Ensure that development of international standards are not unduly restricted. And effort should be made to ensure they remain effective tools an also are developed and applied in an appropriate way for developing countries
Since environmental problems often transed national borders, the response must involve a concerted effort at the international level.