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Multimedia applications like games, video, audio and more are common on affordable embedded devices due to advances in technology. Both customers and designers value factors like power consumption, performance, quality, size, lifetime and cost. The document discusses the design flow for embedded systems including hardware/software partitioning, implementation, verification and more. It also covers techniques to increase productivity like CAD tools, optimization methods for scheduling, memory and communication. Challenges include minimizing power consumption while meeting performance and quality demands.
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Dave Probert is a kernel architect at Microsoft who has over 13 years of experience working on Windows kernels. He helped design key aspects of kernels from Windows 2000 to Windows 7 such as multi-core support and user-mode scheduling. Probert also runs the Windows Academic Program which provides Windows kernel source code and curriculum materials to universities to help teach operating systems concepts.
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The document provides an introduction to operating systems, describing their purpose as intermediaries between users and computer hardware. It discusses the goals of operating systems to make computers convenient and efficient to use. Components like hardware, operating systems, and application programs are described. Key functions of operating systems like acting as an extended machine and resource manager are outlined. The evolution of operating systems from early batch systems to modern personal computers is summarized.
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1) DNS is a distributed system that maps domain names to IP addresses using a hierarchical naming structure and caching DNS servers for efficiency.
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This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
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of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
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like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
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Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
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changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
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Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Survey
- 2. Multimedia Embedded System Application as 3D game, video, audio, animation, text, image are prevailing in people’s daily life due to affordable multimedia Embedded devices.
- 3. Aspects that customers value Power consumption(How long the power can sustain) Performance(How fast an application can run) Quality of Service(quality of image, audio, frame) Volume(If it’s portable enough) Life time(How long a device can be used) Cost(Even though consumer electronics is far more cheap today, people are still eager to do price match)
- 4. Aspects that designers value Power consumption(How to minimize dynamic and static power consumption) Performance(If processor resources are fully used) Quality of Service(Make improvement to meet real time constrain) Volume(Minimize hardware size as memory，Which results in limited design area budget) Life time(How to minimize transistor degradation effect) Cost(How to make hardware component efficient to reduce redundant design)
- 5. Design flow for ES Concept HW Component Specification HW/SW partition HW Implementation Synthesize Product SW Component Verification SW Implementation
- 6. Increase productivity Productivity means vitality for any company that design embedded system, especially for multimedia embedded system which is so involved in people’s life,and facing fierce competition. With different type of processor, memory ,communication architecture, etc,the complexity of a system is increasing. Therefore efficient method need to be adopted to increase productivity to save cost and design period. CAD!
- 7. Simulation environment PeaCE • Transaction Level Model(TLM) • Synchronous dataflow graph (SDF) • Fractional rate dataflow (FRDF) and Synchronous piggybacked dataflow (SPDF) model Ha, Soonhoi, et al. "PeaCE: A hardware-software codesign environment for multimedia embedded systems." ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems (TODAES) 12.3 (2007): 24.
- 8. Partition Loop fission Loop tiling http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loop_fission &http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loop_tiling
- 9. Scheduling Hard real-time scheduling：Tasks need to be accomplished before deadline! • • • • • Pfair class algorithm earliest deadline first (EDF) least laxity first(LLF) Latest Deadline First (LDF) Distance Based Priority(DBP) algorithm Wu, Tong, and Shiyao Jin. "Weakly hard real-time scheduling algorithm for multimedia embedded system on multiprocessor platform." Ubi-Media Computing, 2008 First IEEE International Conference on. IEEE, 2008.
- 10. Scheduling(continue) Soft real-time scheduling：Certain amount of deadline can be missed. Hua, Shaoxiong, Gang Qu, and Shuvra S. Bhattacharyya. "Probabilistic design of multimedia embedded systems." ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS) 6.3 (2007): 15.
- 11. Memory Dynamic data type(DDT) implementation Chanllenges • Extend iterator-based DDTs profiling library to profile at runtime • Genetic Algorithm to lauch a subject oriented optimization On chip communication • Network on chip File system • FAT file system • LFS • MNFS Kim, Hyojun, Youjip Won, and Sooyong Kang. "Embedded NAND flash file system for mobile multimedia devices." Consumer Electronics, IEEE Transactions on 55.2 (2009): 545-552. David Atienza, Christos Baloukas, Lazaros Papadopoulos, Christophe Poucet,Stylianos Mamagkakis, Jose I. Hidalgo, Francky Catthoor, Dimitrios Soudris and Juan Lanchares, “Optimization of Dynamic Data Structures in Multimedia Embedded Systems Using Evolutionary Computation”
- 12. Other challenges • • • • Saving power by reducing unnecessary power consumption Computer architecture(RISC or CISC or neigher?) Minimize static power(leakage power) Environmental issue(tens of Gt CO2) Leakage CISC ADD M(R1) R2 M(R3) RISC LD R4 M(R3) ADD R5 R2 R4 ST M(R1) R5 Zhang, Jiucai, Song Ci, and Xueyi Wang. "Battery energy consumption footprint of embedded multimedia systems." Green Computing Conference, 2010 International. IEEE, 2010. Donohoo, Brad, et al. "Exploiting spatiotemporal and device contexts for energy-efficient mobile embedded systems." Proceedings of the 49th Annual Design Automation Conference. ACM, 2012
- 13. Thank you!