This document discusses substance abuse and addiction, defining alcoholism as continued alcohol consumption despite health and social consequences. It notes that around 140 million people worldwide suffer from alcohol dependence. Genetic, cultural, and psychological factors can contribute to substance abuse. Clinical features of alcoholism include frequent drinking, changes in behavior, lack of control over drinking, and withdrawal symptoms without alcohol. Tobacco dependence occurs through nicotine addiction, with over 7 million deaths annually resulting from direct tobacco use. Treatment for substance abuse and deaddiction includes medication, counseling, rehabilitation programs, and preventing relapse.

1. SUBSTANCE ABUSE AND
DEADDICTION

2. It is defined as a maladaptive pattern of
continued use of substances that are
physically hazardous, despite the
knowledge that it may cause social,
occupational, physiological or physical by
its recurrent and continued use.
DEFINITION

3. ALCOHOLISM
Alcoholism can be defined as a condition that
results in continued consumption of alcoholic
beverages, despite health problems and negative
social consequences. It can also be referred as
Alcohol Dependence Syndrome (ADS).

4. INCIDENCE
About 140 million people around the world
suffer from alcohol dependence. Higher
rates of alcoholism are seen is adolescence.

5. ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS
• Genetic factors:
• Easy availability.
• Cultural behavior.
• Personality factors.
• Poor coping strategies.
• Unemployment.
• Loss
• Injustice
• Peer group pressure
• Broken homes
• Chronic physical illness
• Occupational factors
• Psychiatric disorders
• Depression

6. CLINICAL FEATURES
•
• Frequent drinking.
• Preoccupied with drinking
• Drinking while driving
• Changes in behaviors.
• Getting angry or violent.
• Lack of control over drinking.
• Continuous use of alcohol.
• Spending a lot of time in alcohol related activities.
• Experience withdrawal symptoms such as nausea, sweating, trembling, anxiety etc.
• When alcohol is not taken.
• Intake of increased amount of alcohol to achieves the previous level of intoxication
• Increased tolerance

7. TOBACCO
Nicotine dependence occurs when you need
nicotine and can’t stop using it. Nicotine is the
chemical in tobacco that makes it hard to quit.
Nicotine produces pleasing effects in your brain,
but these effects are temporary.

8. INCIDENCE
• Tobacco kills more than 8 million people each
year. More than 7 million of those deaths are the
result of direct tobacco use while around 1.2
million are the result of non-smokers being
exposed to second-hand smoke. Over 80% of the
world’s 1.3 billion tobacco users live in low- and
middle-income countries.

9. CLINICAL FEATURES
• Strong cravings
• Anxiety
• Irritability
• Restlessness
• Difficulty concentrating
• Depressed mood
• Frustration
• Anger
• Increased hunger
• Insomnia
• Constipation
• Diarrhea

10. DEADDICTION
• Drug rehabilitation Is a term for the processes
Of Medical and psychotherapeutic treatment
for dependency Of psychoactive substances
such as alcohol Prescription drugs and street
drugs Such as cocaine.

11. • The General intent is to enabled the patient to
cease, substance Abuse in order to avoid the
psychological, legal, financial, social And
physical consequences That can be caused
especially by extreme abuse.

12. TREATMENT
• Treatment includes medication for depression or
other disorder, counseling by experts and sharing of
experiences by other addicts.
• Some rehabs centres include meditation and
spiritual wisdom in the treatment process.

13. • Various types of programmes offer helps in
rehabilitation.
• Some rehabs centres offers helps in age and gender
specific programmes.
• The national institute of drug abuse (NIDA)
recommends detoxification follwed by both
medication and behavioural therapy, followed by
relapse prevention.

14. 1.Behavioural therapy
Cognitive behavioural therapy
Cognitive Therapy of substance abuse
2.Pharmacotherapies
3.Counselling
4.Rehabilitation

15. Thank you