Submission ide 41d14985 d484-4305-976f-c8858ad6647630 si

Submission Ide: 41d14985-d484-4305-976f-c8858ad66476
30% SIMILARITY SCORE 19 CITATION ITEMS 43
GRAMMAR ISSUES 0 FEEDBACK COMMENT
Internet Source 2%
Institution 28%
Jane Chima
NEWBenchmark-
ProfessionalCapstoneandPracticumReflectiveJournal (3).docx
Summary
Running head: REFLECTIVE JOURNAL
REFLECTIVE JOURNAL 2
-and-
medicine/professional-capstone-practicum-reflective-
journal.php…
Reflective journal
Name
Institution

Course
Date
Introduction
This one-course practicum and reflective journal includes
inquiry and leadership into the
current nursing practice since it applies to Practicum and
Professional Capstone course. It
iversity
https://online.une.edu/blog/interprofessional-collaboration-in-
healthcare/…

reflects on personal skills and knowledge acquired during the
course (Finkelman, 2017). Stress
and burnout caused by work overloads in the nursing practice
has attracted the attention of
nursing researchers and educators since they have recognized
their impacts on patient outcomes
and satisfaction. The journal will also address the skills and
knowledge that I have acquired
during the Practicum and Professional Capstone course and
during the placement. This
knowledge and skills have helped me develop my nursing career
(LoBiondo-Wood & Haber,
2017). Working under the supervision and mentorship of my
preceptor enabled me acquire

additional practical skills that will enable me to provide the best
quality care to patients. The
mentor assigned me various practical duties that made me more
knowledgeable.
New practice approaches
The discipline of nursing has encountered great changes in the
last few decades. One of
these changes is the adoption and implementation of evidence-
based practice (EBP) in practice.
The continuous application of these approaches in nursing
practice is revolutionizing healthcare
in numerous ways
Nurses should comply with these changes to remain pertinent in
the duties to provide
high quality care to patients. One way to achieve this is by
adopting EBP in their practice.
Nursing institutions are continually offering EBP courses. The
continuous application of EBP
results in effective patient care which leads to better health
outcomes.
Interprofessional collaboration
Interprofessional collaboration occurs when diverse healthcare
professionals from

different specialties and professional backgrounds work
together with patients, caregivers,
families and communities to deliver quality patient care.
Interprofessional collaboration enables
providers to achieve better health outcomes in patients and
optimal health status of the
populations and communities.
Healthcare providers such as nurses, physicians and others
should collaborate across all
professions to provide highest quality care and improved patient
outcomes. This involves
working with all people irrespective of their expertise or
professional level to improve the overall
health outcomes (Grove & Gray, 2018) . All healthcare
professionals should keep aside all their
differences and work together with a common goal for
interprofessional collaboration to work
well in the healthcare setting. They should also improve their
communication and develop good
working relationships to ensure that interprofessional
collaboration works well with minimal or
no setbacks (Reeves et. al., 2017). When interprofessional
collaboration is used by providers, it
enables them to work together to deliver better health outcomes,

prevent medication errors,
improve patient experience and minimize healthcare costs.
Interprofessional collaboration also
enable healthcare facilities to eliminate workflow redundancies
and achieve operational
efficiencies.
Health care delivery and clinical systems
patient-centered care is essential in the clinical settings.
Healthcare delivery system is
categorized into individual patient, health team, patients’ family
members and health institutions
such as clinics, nursing homes and hospitals (Grove & Gray,
2018) . Clinical systems refers to
information systems put in place for use in healthcare settings.
Nurses are essential components in the healthcare delivery
systems. They provide the
best and high quality health services to patients during nursing
practice. Nurses are incorporated
in all health plan levels. They are also in all operating units to
promote development, foster

direction and guide the implementation of patient-centered
programs (Grove & Gray, 2018) .
Nurses use clinical systems to manage patient care in the best
way possible in critical care
settings. The clinical systems enables nurses and other
providers to connect to other departments
such as radiology, lab, and pathology and so on for easier
access to patient records and for
accurate and complete patient care.
Ethical considerations in health care
Ethical values are crucial for any healthcare professional. They
are universal codes of
conduct as well as rules that offer a practical framework to help
in the identification of the types
of motives, actions and intentions values in the healthcare
setting. The ethical values spells out
the moral principles that governs how an individual conduct
themselves any time (Chadwick &
Gallagher, 2016). Ethical considerations also cover the rights or
wrongs, dos and don’ts and the
decision-making process of determining the consequences of the
actions. Every person has their
set of moral and ethical principles (Blais, Hayes, Kozier, &
Erb, 2016) . Ethical values in the

healthcare settings are essential because every healthcare
provider must face ethical healthcare
dilemmas and make good decisions and judgments regarding
various healthcare issues while
maintaining these values.
dent: Submitted to Grand Canyon University
A healthcare delivery systems comprises of people, institutions

and other resources that
are aimed to deliver quality services to meet the health needs of
a specified population. A
healthcare delivery system enables patients and population to
receive healthcare services. It also
aims to deliver cost-effective as well as safe health services that
meet the quality standards put in
place (Kuziemsky, Abbas, & Carroll, 2018) . Adopting
healthcare delivery systems based on
To practice effectively with competence and integrity, nurses
and other healthcare
professionals must have their own ethical values and follow
healthcare-based ethical principles
to guide them in their practice (LoBiondo-Wood & Haber,
2017) . Healthcare is guided by four
major ethical values alongside other expected ethical principles
such as honesty, integrity,
empathy, compassion, confidentiality etc. These ethical values
in the nursing practice include
autonomy, justice, beneficence and non-maleficence. Autonomy
offers patients the right to make
practices to enable

e: Kouhnavard
their own decisions based on their values and beliefs.
Beneficence offers providers a duty to
minimize harm, refrain from maltreatment and promote safety
and good towards patients
(Chadwick & Gallagher, 2016) . Justice is the right for patients
to be treated fairly and equally by
healthcare professionals. Lastly, non-maleficence is the
patients’ right to no harm during
treatment. Nurses and all healthcare providers have a unique

responsibility to themselves, their
profession and to patients to maintain ethical values.
Practices of culturally sensitive care
Culturally sensitive care is care that reflects the ability to
respond appropriately to
feelings, attitudes and situations of groups of individuals
sharing a distinctive and common
national, racial, linguistic, cultural and religious heritage. A
culturally competent care is capable
of improving the quality of care and overall health outcomes. It
can also lead to elimination of
racial, cultural and ethnic health disparities (Ring, Nyquist, &
Mitchell, 2018) . The world is
ethnically and racially diverse. This calls for the need of
culturally competent care. The racial
and ethnic minority groups and communities usually face
sociocultural obstacles to quality care
such as lack of access to health insurance, language barriers,
racial/ethnic discrimination, and
low literacy to understand the need for quality care and low
income to afford health services.
Nurses and other healthcare providers can develop and adopt
various strategies and

practices to enable them provide culturally competent care
(Ring, Nyquist, & Mitchell, 2018) .
These practices includes providing training and education to
increase cultural awareness and
knowledge, provide interpret services, work with minority staff,
use community health workers
services, include community and family members in healthcare
decision-making, improve
language and communication barriers, engage directly in cross-
cultural interactions with patients
and conduct cultural competence self-assessment among all
healthcare providers (Jolley, 2020) .
Healthcare providers should focus on providing culturally
competent healthcare to all patients.
Ensuring the integrity of human dignity in the care of all
patients
Human dignity is the intrinsic attributes and supreme values
possessed by all human
beings in virtue of their humanity. Human dignity manifests
through show of respect for self and
for others (Kadivar, Mardani-Hamooleh, & Kouhnavard, 2018) .
It is influenced by how other
people treats an individuals. Human dignity can be influenced
by other factors such as attitudes,

perceived control level of independence and symptom
management among nurses towards
people.
Observing human dignity and respect for life is part of the
nursing profession ethics that
nurses should observe without focusing on the gender, race,
culture, age, social status, economic
status or nationality of patients (Sabeghi, Nasiri, Zarei, Tabar,
& Golbaf, 2017) . Nurses should
always preserve and respect human dignity. This can achieve
this by treating all patients with
humanity, respecting all patients, treating patients with
compassion and justice and involve them
in their care by allowing them to make decisions regarding their
care. They should also uphold
2017). They should ensure privacy and confidentiality of their
records and treatment without
considering factors such as age, gender, race, nationality,
ethnicity and socioeconomic status.
Population health concerns
Population health is an interdisciplinary and customizable

approach that helps the health
departments to integrate health policies into practice so that
change can take place locally. The
population health approach makes use of the modern
partnerships among various community
sectors to achieve positive results for population health
(Navarro & Muntaner, 2020). Population
health concentrates on major health concerns and ways in which
resources can be allocated to
help overcome issues which are driving poor health conditions
among the populations.
Environmental make a positive change on how different
environmental factors affect population
health. Examples of environmental factors affecting population
health includes homelessness,
unemployment, neighborhood violence, and underemployment
and food insecurity. Nurses
should address the major population concerns within their
ability to ensure that people get the
best quality care.
The role of technology in improving health care outcomes
Patient safety is a top priority and a first line consideration in
the healthcare settings. It

involves avoiding, preventing and ameliorating negative results
or injuries that originates from
healthcare processes. The Institute of Medicine (IOM)
recommended the development and
testing of new healthcare technologies to minimize medical
error in 1999. The later
recommended the application of health information technology
(HIT) as the initial step to change
and transform healthcare environment to achieve safer and
better patient care.
Health policy
tted to Grand Canyon University
and preserve the integrity of human dignity when providing

patient care (Schmidt & Brown,
Health policy are the decisions, actions and plans which are
implemented to achieve
certain healthcare goals in the society. A well-defined health
policy can achieve goals such as
defining a vision for future, informing people, outlining
expected roles of various groups,
defining priorities and building a consensus within society
(Abel-Smith, 2018) . There are several
types of health policies such as global, public, health service,
insurance health policies and so on.
Health policy enables health organizations to standardize their
daily operational activities. These
policies provide guidance and clarity when facing critical
issues, legal as well as safety liabilities
and regulatory requirements (Barr, 2016). Proper establishment
and management of health
policies helps health facilities to develop powerful solutions to
issues, improve efficiency and

h dispar...
ice: practice is defined by
productivity and refrain from breaching regulations.
Leadership and economic models
Healthcare change is driven by factors such as healthcare access
problems,
fragmentation, suboptimal patient results and unsustainable
healthcare costs. The quality and
cost concerns along with transforming the social demographics
as well as infection-type presents
the highest need for healthcare change (Needleman, 2016) .
Caring for and paying for treatment

of chronic patients presents another major concern. The
Affordable Care Act (ACA) consists of
programs such as Centers for Medicaid and Medicare services
whose aim is enhancing cost and
quality control in healthcare. The great care coordination may
improve quality patient care,
reduce healthcare spending and improve patient outcomes
(Finkelman, 2017). Reducing the
unnecessary hospitalizations, 15unwarranted utilization of
emergency units and negative drug
interactions can cut on costs, repeated medical history and
multiple prescriptions. Healthcare
facilities takes incremental steps towards achieving high quali ty
care and lower costs.
Health disparities
Health disparities exists due to numerous factors such as
poverty, environmental threats,
educational inequalities, behavioral factors, individual factors
and inadequate access to
healthcare services. They may also be caused by race and
ethnicity of a population or
community. Health disparities can also be as a result of
disability status and socioeconomic

status (Wheeler & Bryant, 2017) . These differences shapes the
ability of population to attain
optimal health.
After taking leadership roles, nurses can improve the health of a
population by
prioritizing health equity needs as well as integrating strategies
to help them eradicate health
disparities into health programs (Thornton, et al., 2016) . In
addition, all healthcare professionals
should acquire training on how to address the social
determinants of health so as to promote
equitable health outcomes for all patients, their families and
communities.
Conclusion
Nursing practice is defined by supportive and continuous
learning and integrating the
knowledge acquired from learning into educational experience
in the learning and clinical
settings using reflection. This reflective journal provides an
overview of the knowledge and
skills that nursing students acquired during the Professional
Capstone and Practicum course. The
course enabled students to acquire knowledge and skills related
to nursing.

Kuziemsky, C., Abbas, R. M., & Carroll, N. (2018). Toward a
Connected Health Delivery
Framework. 2018 IEEE/ACM International Workshop on
Software Engineering in
Healthcare Systems (SEHS), 46-49.
LoBiondo-Wood, G., & Haber, J. (2017). Nursing research:
methods and critical appraisal for
evidence-based practice. Elsevier Health Sciences.
Navarro, V., & Muntaner, C. (2020). Political And Economic
Determinants of Population Health
and Well-Being:: Controversies and Developments. Routledge.
Needleman, J. (2016). The Economic Case for Fundamental
Nursing Care. Nursing Leadership
(Toronto, Ont.), 29(1), 26-36.
Ring, J., Nyquist, J., & Mitchell, S. (2018). Curriculum for
culturally responsive health care:
The step-by-step guide for cultural competence training. CRC
Press.

References
Abel-Smith, B. (2018). An introduction to health: policy,
planning and financing. Taylor &
Francis Books Limited.
Barr, D. A. (2016). Introduction to US Health Policy: the
organization, financing, and delivery
of health care in America. JHU Press.
Blais, K., Hayes, J. S., Kozier, B., & Erb, G. L. (2016).
Professional nursing practice: Concepts
and perspectives. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education.
Chadwick, R., & Gallagher, A. (2016). Ethics and nursing
practice. Macmillan International
Higher Education.
Finkelman, A. (2017). Professional nursing concepts:
Competencies for quality leadership.
Jones & Bartlett Learning.
Grove, S. K., & Gray, J. R. (2018). Understanding Nursing
Research: Building an Evidence-
Based Practice. Elsevier Health Sciences.
Research: Building an Evidence-
Based Practice. Elsevier Health Sciences.

Jolley, J. (2020). Introducing research and evidence-based
practice for nursing and healthcare
professionals. Routledge.
Kadivar, M., Mardani-Hamooleh, M., & Kouhnavard, M.
(2018). Concept analysis of human
dignity in patient care: Rodgers' evolutionary approach. Journal
of medical ethics and
history of medicine, 11.
Sabeghi, H., Nasiri, A., Zarei, M., Tabar, A. K., & Golbaf, D.
(2017). Respecting for human
dignity in elders caring in perspective of nurses and elderly
patients. Medical Ethics
Journal, 9(32), 45-70.
Schmidt, N. A., & Brown, J. M. (2017). Evidence-based
practice for nurses: Appraisal and
application of research. Jones & Bartlett Learning.
Thornton, R. L., Glover, C. M., Cené, C. W., Glik, D. C.,
Henderson, J. A., & Williams, D. R.
(2016). Evaluating strategies for reducing health disparities by
addressing the social
determinants of health. Health Affairs, 35(8), 1416-1423.

Wheeler, S. M., & Bryant, A. S. (2017). Racial and ethnic
disparities in health and health care.
Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics, 44(1), 1-11.
Woolf, S. H., Purnell, J. Q., Simon, S. M., Zimmerman, E. B.,
Camberos, G. J., Haley, A., &
Fields, R. P. (2015). Translating evidence into population health
improvement: strategies
and barriers. Annual review of public health, 36, 463-482.
Zerwekh, J., & Garneau, A. (2017). Nursing Today: Transition
and Trends. Elsevier Health
Sciences.
Rubic_Print_FormatCourse CodeClass CodeAssignment
TitleTotal PointsNRS-493NRS-493-OL191Benchmark -
Capstone Project Change Proposal200.0CriteriaPercentage1:
Unsatisfactory (0.00%)2: Less Than Satisfactory (75.00%)3:
Satisfactory (79.00%)4: Good (89.00%)5: Excellent
(100.00%)CommentsPoints EarnedContent80.0%Revisions
Incorporated as Directed by Instructor5.0%Revision is
omitted.Revision is incomplete. Many aspects are still
incomplete, inaccurate, or unclear.Most key aspects were
revised. Some aspects are still vague or contain minor
inaccuracies.The key aspects were revised. The revision
generally improves the accuracy and clarity of the project.All
revisions are incorporated. The revision greatly improves the
accuracy and clarity of the project.Background5.0%Background

of clinical problem omitted.Background of clinical problem is
incomplete.Background of clinical problem are summarized.
There are minor omissions or inaccuracies. Some support or
information is needed.Background of clinical problem are
presented. Minor aspects are unclear or require
support.Background of clinical problem are clearly and
logically presented. Relevant support and rationale are
evident.Clinical Problem Statement5.0%Clinical problem
statement omitted.Clinical problem statement is
incomplete.Clinical problem statement is summarized. There are
minor omissions or inaccuracies. Some support or information
is needed.Clinical problem statement is presented. Minor
aspects are unclear or require support.Clinical problem
statement is clearly and logically presented. Relevant support
and rationale are evident.Purpose of Change
Proposal5.0%Purpose of the change proposal in relation to
providing patient care in the changing health care system is
omitted.Purpose of the change proposal in relation to providing
patient care in the changing health care system is
incomplete.Purpose of the change proposal in relation to
providing patient care in the changing health care system is
summarized. There are minor omissions or inaccuracies. Some
support or information is needed.Purpose of the change proposal
in relation to providing patient care in the changing health care
system is presented. Minor aspects are unclear or require
support.Purpose of the change proposal in relation to providing
patient care in the changing health care system is logically
presented. Relevant support and rationale are evident.PICOT
Question5.0%PICOT questions is omitted.Topic is presented but
criteria is incomplete.Topic and most criteria are presented.
There are minor omissions or inaccuracies. Some support or
information is needed.Topic and criteria are presented. Minor
aspects are unclear or require support.Topic and criteria are
clearly and logically presented. Relevant support and rationale
are evident.Literature Search5.0%Literature search strategy
employed omitted.Topic is presented but criteria is

incomplete.Topic and most criteria are presented. There are
minor omissions or inaccuracies. Some support or information
is needed.Topic and criteria are presented. Minor aspects are
unclear or require support.Topic and criteria are clearly and
logically presented. Relevant support and rationale are
evident.Evaluation of Literature5.0%Evaluation of literature
omitted.Evaluation of literature is incomplete.Evaluation of
literature is summarized. There are minor omissions or
inaccuracies. Some support or information is needed.Evaluation
of literature is presented. Minor aspects are unclear or require
support.Evaluation of literature is clearly and logically
presented. Relevant support and rationale are evident.Change or
Nursing Theory5.0%Change or nursing theory omitted.Change
or nursing theory is incomplete.Change or nursing theory is
summarized. There are minor omissions or inaccuracies. Some
support or information is needed.Change or nursing theory is
presented. Minor aspects are unclear or require support.Change
or nursing theory is logically presented. Relevant support and
rationale are evident.Implementation Plan and Outcome
Measures10.0%Implementation plan and outcome measures are
omitted.Implementation plan and outcome measures are
presented is incomplete.Implementation plan and outcome
measures are summarized. There are minor omissions or
inaccuracies. Some support or information is
needed.Implementation plan and outcome measures are
support.Implementation plan and outcome measures are clearly
and logically presented. Relevant support and rationale are
evident.Use of Evidence-Based Practice in Intervention
Plan10.0%Use of evidence-based practice in intervention plan
omitted.Use of evidence-based practice in intervention plan is
incomplete.Use of evidence-based practice in intervention plan
is summarized. There are minor omissions or inaccuracies.
Some support or information is needed.Use of evidence-based
practice in intervention plan is presented. Minor aspects are
unclear or require support.Use of evidence-based practice in

intervention plan is clearly and logically presented. Relevant
support and rationale are evident.Plan for Evaluating Proposed
Nursing Intervention10.0%Plan for evaluating proposed nursing
intervention omitted.Plan for evaluating proposed nursing
intervention is incomplete.Plan for evaluating proposed nursing
intervention is summarized. There are minor omissions or
inaccuracies. Some support or information is needed.Plan for
evaluating proposed nursing intervention is presented. Minor
aspects are unclear or require support.Plan for evaluating
proposed nursing intervention is clearly and logically
presented. Relevant support and rationale are evident.Potential
Barriers and Plan to Overcome Barriers10.0%Potential barriers
and plan to overcome barriers are omitted.Potential barriers and
plan to overcome barriers are incomplete.Potential barriers and
plan to overcome barriers are summarized. There are minor
omissions or inaccuracies. Some support or information is
needed.Potential barriers and plan to overcome barriers are
support.Potential barriers and plan to overcome barriers are
clearly and logically presented. Relevant support and rationale
are evident.Organization and Effectiveness15.0%Thesis
Development and Purpose5.0%Paper lacks any discernible
overall purpose or organizing claim.Thesis is insufficiently
developed or vague. Purpose is not clear.Thesis is apparent and
appropriate to purpose.Thesis is clear and forecasts the
development of the paper. Thesis is descriptive and reflective of
the arguments and appropriate to the purpose.Thesis is
comprehensive and contains the essence of the paper. Thesis
statement makes the purpose of the paper clear.Argument Logic
and Construction5.0%Statement of purpose is not justified by
the conclusion. The conclusion does not support the claim
made. Argument is incoherent and uses noncredible
sources.Sufficient justification of claims is lacking. Argument
lacks consistent unity. There are obvious flaws in the logic.
Some sources have questionable credibility.Argument is
orderly, but may have a few inconsistencies. The argument

presents minimal justification of claims. Argument logically,
but not thoroughly, supports the purpose. Sources used are
credible. Introduction and conclusion bracket the
thesis.Argument shows logical progressions. Techniques of
argumentation are evident. There is a smooth progression of
claims from introduction to conclusion. Most sources are
authoritative.Clear and convincing argument that presents a
persuasive claim in a distinctive and compelling manner. All
sources are authoritative.Criteria 3Mechanics of Writing
(includes spelling, punctuation, grammar, language
use)5.0%Surface errors are pervasive enough that they impede
communication of meaning. Inappropriate word choice or
sentence construction is used.Frequent and repetitive
mechanical errors distract the reader. Inconsistencies in
language choice (register), sentence structure, or word choice
are present.Some mechanical errors or typos are present, but
they are not overly distracting to the reader. Correct sentence
structure and audience-appropriate language are used.Prose is
largely free of mechanical errors, although a few may be
present. A variety of sentence structures and effective fi gures of
speech are used.Writer is clearly in command of standard,
written, academic English.Format5.0%Paper Format (use of
appropriate style for the major and assignment)2.0%Template is
not used appropriately or documentation format is rarely
followed correctly.Template is used, but some elements are
missing or mistaken; lack of control with formatting is
apparent.Template is used, and formatting is correct, although
some minor errors may be present.Template is fully used; There
are virtually no errors in formatting style.All format elements
are correct.Documentation of Sources (citations, footnotes,
references, bibliography, etc., as appropriate to assignment and
style)3.0%Sources are not documented.Documentation of
sources is inconsistent or incorrect, as appropriate to
assignment and style, with numerous formatting errors.Sources
are documented, as appropriate to assignment and style,
although some formatting errors may be present.Sources are

documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, and format
is mostly correct.Sources are completely and correctly
documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, and format
is free of error.Total Weightage100%
Running head: Capstone Change Project Resources
Running head: Capstone Change Project Resources
2
Capstone Change Project Resources
Jane Chima
Grand Canyon University
NRS-OL191-Professional Capstone and Practicum
2/21/21
I worked with my preceptor to assess the organization for
required resources needed for the strategic plan if the capstone
change proposal were to be implemented. The change proposal
involves using music therapy in Post Anesthesia Care Unit
(PACU) to reduce the postoperative pain of patients who have
undergone surgical procedures and minimize the use of high
pain medications such as opioids (Farokhzadian, Khajouei, &
Ahmadian, 2015). Music therapy will be used alongside low
pain medications such as ibuprofen and Tylenol.

One of the required resources is education and training nurses.
One of the problems faced by facilities that have implemented
evidence-based interventions is resistance from the healthcare
professionals. Most nurses and other providers want to stick to
their old ways. They do not want to adopt new evidence-based
ways (Schmidt & Brown, 2017). To reduce this resistance, the
organization would need to educate and train nurses on
evidence-based practice (EBP) and importance of adopting the
practice.
Another resource needed related to human resources and hiring
of additional nurses. Nursing shortage is a major problem facing
the healthcare system today. Most facilities that have
implemented evidence-based interventions face the problem of
incomplete adoption due to shortage of nurses (Farokhzadian,
Khajouei, & Ahmadian, 2015). The organization should hire
more nurses to ensure that there are enough nurses to perform
various tasks required for effective EBP adoption.
The organization will also need well-equipped research
resources. Once an organization adopts evidence-based practice,
best and updated evidence will be a necessary requirement to
improve the health outcomes and quality of care. As a result,
the organization will need a research environment
(Farokhzadian, Khajouei, & Ahmadian, 2015). The organization
will need modern computer systems, strong internet connection
and skilled nurses.
The organization will also need financial resources. Money will
be needed to purchase the required items such as music
components, strong internet installation, computer systems and
other necessary items (Schmidt & Brown, 2017). The financial
resources will also enable the organization to hire more staff
required in the capstone change proposal.

References
Farokhzadian, J., Khajouei, R., & Ahmadian, L. (2015).
Evaluating factors associated with
implementingevidence‐ based practice in nursing. Journal of
evaluation in clinicalpractice, 21(6), 1107-1113.
Schmidt, N. A., & Brown, J. M. (2017). Evidence-based
practice for nurses: Appraisal and application of research. Jones
& Bartlett Learning.
Running head: Capstone Change Project Outcomes
Running head: Capstone Change Project Outcome 4

Measurable outcomes for my capstone project
Jane Chima
2/7/21
My capstone project intervention involves developing non-
pharmacological interventions to help PACU patients with pain
management and minimize the use of medications to manage
pain. I worked with my preceptor to assess organization policies
in the facility. During the evaluation process, we found some
organizational policies and outcomes that influenced the
proposed intervention.
First, the intensity of postoperative pain among PACU patients
will reduce. The use of non-pharmacological interventions such
as music therapy will help to reduce the intensity of
postoperative pain. The use of music as a psychological
treatment decreases pain perception and helps relieve
depression, which in turn can help reduce the amount of pain
medication needed. Music relaxation techniques have shown
positive results for patients with chronic pain, decrease
intensity of pain and decrease muscle tenderness (Geziry, A.,
Toble, Y., Kadhi, F., & Nobani, M., 2005).
Another outcome is that the organization will evaluate social
impact, and side effects from a proposed change in pain
management. When using music therapy on PACU patients, less
medication will be needed. Patients will only be given low pain
medications such as ibuprofen, and Tylenol (Song, Eaton,
Gordon, Hoyle, & Doorenbos, 2015). As a result, the

organization’s expenditure on pain management will drop
drastically after implementing the proposed change project. As
a result, patients will not have severe side effects like risk of
respiratory depression, abuse, nausea, vomiting or constipation.
Another measurable outcome is that the recovery process
after surgical procedures will be fast. After implementing the
proposed change intervention, PACU patients in the facility will
be using music therapy to manage their postoperative pain.
When pain is reduced, the surgical wounds will heal faster than
when patients use pain management medications.
Another outcome is that surgical procedures will be affordable
for most patients. Patients will be able to afford surgical
treatments because pain management will be cheaper and
affordable. The recovery process will also be easier when music
therapy is used to manage postoperative pain.
Lastly, the proposed intervention will be ethically and morally
acceptable. The intervention must align with the organizational
policies. The proposed change intervention developed by
students or clients to bring change and improvement must stay
within the organizational context of code of conduct (Hall &
Roussel, 2020). The intervention is influenced by organizational
policies because the intended change must align with the
organizational needs.
References
Geziry, A., Toble, Y., Kadhi, F., & Nobani, M. (2018,
November 2005). Non-Pharmacological pain management.
Retrieved February 07, 2021, from

https://www.intechopen.com/books/pain-management-in-
special-circumstances/non-pharmacological-pain-management
Hall, H. R., & Roussel, L. A. (2020). Evidence-based practice:
An integrative approach to research, administration, and
practice. Jones & Bartlett Learning.
Song, W., Eaton, L. H., Gordon, D. B., Hoyle, C., & Doorenbos,
A. Z. (2015). Evaluation of evidence-based nursing pain
management practice. Pain Management Nursing, 16(4), 456-
463.
Running head: STRATEGIC PLAN SUMMARY
STRATEGIC PLAN SUMMARY 2
Strategic plan summary

When implementing new changes to an organization such as the
new practice interventions, there must be some challenges and
barriers that may interfere with the process. The new practice
interventions involve playing soft music in Post-Anesthesia
Care Unit (PACU) to help postoperative patients relax and ease
their pain such that they will not take a lot of postoperative pain
medications (Grove & Gray, 2018). They will require low pain
medications such as ibuprofen.
In some cases, the challenge may be getting the nursing staff to
adopt the new practice procedures or even getting used to the
new process since it may be different from their normal
practice. Implementing something new and asking nursing staff
to adopt may cause resistance especially if they do not support
the new practice changes (Farokhzadian, Khajouei, &
Ahmadian, 2015). Another challenge would be inadequate
nursing staff. This has been a major challenge in most
healthcare organizations towards implementing evidence-based
change interventions. In my project, nursing staff are needed in
PACU units to help patients who have undergone surgical
procedures to manage their postoperative pain and recover from
their conditions and wounds (Grove & Gray, 2018). Without
adequate nursing, blending the relaxation offered by soft music
with low pain medications such as ibuprofen and Tylenol will
be difficult to achieve.
The organization would need a plan to overcome these
challenges. First, it would be required to offer staff education
and training on the importance of evidence-based practice
(EBP) adoption to the nursing practice and patients’ outcomes.
This would reduce staff resistance to the new practice

implementation (Grove & Gray, 2018). Secondly, the
organization would be required to hire more nursing staff to
help in the adoption and implementation of EBP.
References
Farokhzadian, J., Khajouei, R., & Ahmadian, L. (2015).
Evaluating factors associated with implementing
evidence‐ based practice in nursing. Journal of evaluation in
clinical practice, 21(6), 1107-1113.
Research: Building an Evidence-Based Practice. Elsevier Health
Sciences.
Running head: CAPSTONE PROJECT OBJECTIVES
CAPSTONE PROJECT OBJECTIVES 3
Capstone project objectives
Jane Chima
1/31/21

Patients in PACU usually experience postoperative pain after
their surgical procedure. Most times, the pain management that
these patients receive is unsatisfactory, hence affecting their
recovery. In most PACU units, pain management is done using
pharmacological interventions such as opioids, ibuprofen,
acetaminophen, anti-seizures, muscle relaxants and NSAIDs
medations (Poulsen, Coto, & Cooney, 2019). Continuous use of
these medications causes postoperative morbidity, emergency of
chronic postoperative pain, slow recovery process, impaired
function, and impaired quality of life.
Objective 1: Implementing this project will improve the pain
management process for PACU patients who have undergone
surgical procedures. Playing soft music to these patients in
PACU will reduce the intake of medications and improve their
pain management outcomes.
Objective 2: Implementing this project will help healthcare
organization and patients to cut on cost of medications because
PACU patients will consume less drugs. Playing soft music to
these patients in PACU will reduce the intake of medications
hence reducing the cost of purchasing the medications.
Objective 3: Implementing this project will speed up the
recovery process of patients. This is because patients will get
satisfactory pain management. This will facilitate their recovery
process. Music is a natural chemical with no side effects. As a
result, PACU patients will be safe from the side effects of these
medications.
Intensive research has been directed to postoperative pain
management in PACU setting. Some of the findings have been
implemented in healthcare facilities. However, most hospitals

have implemented pharmacological pain management
interventions. The use of non-pharmacological interventions
should be implemented because it plays a great role in
postoperative pain management (El Geziry, Toble, Al Kadhi,
Pervaiz, & Al Nobani, 2018). The use of music therapy
especially playing soft music helps in relaxation and aid sleep
which in turn help healing. Music can also reduce the use of
pharmacological medications in healthcare setting.
References
El Geziry, A., Toble, Y., Al Kadhi, F., Pervaiz, M., & Al
Nobani, M. (2018). Non-pharmacological pain management.
Pain management in special circumstances, 1-14.
Poulsen, M. J., Coto, J., & Cooney, M. F. (2019). Music as a
postoperative pain management intervention. Journal of
PeriAnesthesia Nursing, 34(3), 662-666.

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