Submission And Action Of Religious Heroines

Submission And Action Of Religious Heroines
Submission and Action of Religious Heroines Written expressly to convey the main beliefs and
principles of their respective religions, the Mahabharata, the Ramayana, and the Hebrew Bible are
composed as epic histories and biographies of mythic figures, whose lives act as fables to teach
these principles to the educated, uninitiated believers. In most cases, these fables are told through a
heroic male character, blessed by God or a god, who fulfills a destiny defined by his relationship
with divine will, often as a leader of the community or nation, or as a savior of his people. However,
in rare cases these stories will accentuate a particular value through the use of female protagonists,
thereby placing a deeper emphasis on their behavior ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
She notes that "the faithful thing for the people to do... was to surrender," referring to the established
tradition within Biblical texts of trusting God to protect all his worshipers while the nation of Israel
did nothing in its own defense (Day 77). Day believes that Judith's reaction, calling the Bethulian
leaders faithless for choosing not to take action against the army of Holofernes, is therefore strongly
contradictory to traditional teachings. However, I would argue that rather than indicating Judith is
slightly impious, Judith's declaration reflects a deeper understanding of the nature of divine will.
Judith expresses that God will act through her, and that rather than perform a miracle, He will
empower her to defeat Holofernes. Moreover, Judith is proven correct, as her actions are the
salvation of the city of Bethulia. While she gives due credit to God in her explanation of the events
at Holofernes' camp, Judith is nevertheless a key instigator of the events, as well as a conduit for the
author to declare that, in essence, all that transpires is God's will, and therefore whatever action
mankind takes must also be divinely ordained. This assertion implicitly permits Judith to take action
against Holofernes, where otherwise a woman in such a compromising and dangerous situation may
be shunned by her community for being unchaste, or for being perceived as such. Judith here takes
on the characteristics of a masculine hero,
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Summary Of Chira Banerjee Divakaruni's The Palace Of...
Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni's novel, The Palace of Illusions is the epitome of feminism. It retells the
story of Mahabharata from the view point of Draupadi, the daughter of King Drupad. The delicate
threads of her life have beautifully been interwoven to bring forth a grasping story. Chitra Banerjee
has herself written "I would uncover the story that lay invisible between the lines of the men's
exploits. Better still I would have her one of her tell it herself, with all her joys and doubts, her
struggles and her triumphs, her heartbreaks, her achievements, the unique female way in which she
sees her world and her place in it."(XV). King Drupad, ruler of Panchaal, one of the most
prosperous kings of the continent Bharat was the father of Draupadi. The very birth of Panchali is
marked with revenge and redundant. An offspring of vengeance and an expected one she trails after
her brother Dhristadyumna out of the sacrificial fire and is often called as Yagnyaseni. She was also
known as Krishnaa because she was copper skinned, fiery eyed and had long black hair. She was
gifted with blue lotus fragrance and hence called Yojangandha. Her own father had not expected her
as he had long prayed to the Gods for a son to avenge Drona. Along with a dutiful son Gods had
presented him a daughter whose future had been prophesized to change the course of history. "You
will bring about the death of evil kings–and your children's and your brother's. A million women
will become widows

The Ramayana Is Not Just A Story
The Ramayana is a Sanskrit epic poem ascribed to the Hindu sage and Sanskrit poet Valmiki. The
Ramayana also plays an important role in Hindu literature . It depicts the duties of relationships,
portraying ideal characters like the ideal father, the ideal servant, the ideal brother, the ideal wife,
and the ideal king. The name Ramayana is a tatpurusha compound of ' and ', translating to "Rama 's
Journey". The Ramayana consists of 24,000 verses in seven books and 500 cantos, and tells the
story of Rama, whose wife Sita is abducted by Ravana, the king of Lanka . Incidentally the first
letter of every 1000 verses make the Gayatri mantra. Thematically, the Ramayana explores human
values and the concept of dharma.
Verses in the Ramayana are written in a 32–syllable meter called ' '. The Ramayana was an
important influence on later Sanskrit poetry and Hindu life and culture. Like the Mahabharata, the
Ramayana ' ' is not just a story: it presents the teachings of ancient Hindu sages in narrative allegory,
interspersing philosophical and devotional elements. The characters Rama, Sita, Lakshman, Bharata,
Hanuman, and Ravana are all fundamental to the cultural consciousness of India, Nepal, and many
south–east Asian countries such as Thailand and Indonesia.
There are other versions of the Ramayana in Indian languages, besides Buddhist and Jain
adaptations; and also Cambodian, Indonesian, Filipino, Thai, Lao, Burmese, and Malaysian versions
of the tale.
Textual history and

The Movie ' Ramayan '
Sachinbhai Patel
Dr. M
HUM – 121
July 16, 2015
Paper # 2 Movie– Ramayana
This movie Ramayan is based on one of the great literature epic of India Called Ramayana, the other
being the Mahabharata. Ramayana story transmitted orally for generations but not recorded until the
eighth century B.C.E. It was written by the poet Valmiki. In this great epic story the main person
was Rama who was an seventh incarnation of the Lord Vishnu who is the care take and protector of
this world, Rama was like a Buddha he served for the people and also it's about good vs evil. "In
India, Lord Vishnu is worshiped primarily as Avatar, or incarnations, particularly as Rama and
Krishna, the principal characters of the epics Ramayana and Mahabharata" (Shah). The movie
Ramayan was made on the story of Ramayana and focused on Rama. The Ramayana talks about life
of people in India near 1000 BCE and shows the belief and rules of dharma. It influence Hindus and
world at large. The main reason dharma exits is in the form of Ramayan. The hero, Rama, lived his
whole life by the rules of dharma; in fact, that was why Indian consider him heroic. When Rama
was in his youth he was the perfect son, later he was an ideal husband to his faithful wife, Sita, and a
responsible king of Aydohya. "Act like Rama," and "Act like Sita" young Indians have been taught
and told to be like them for over 2,000 years. The Ramayana is a well know story around the world
but most of the people in united do not know about it, it

Examples Of Narrative Techniques In The Thousand Faces Of...
Narrative technique in GithaHariharan's The Thousand Faces of Night:
The word "narrative" is represent experimental and factorial skills, the subtle and every day
performance that is depicted by the writer. Her diction is pointed and the textures communicated
exquisite. In terms of techniques her writing is masterful. It is stated that, in terms of technique, her
writing contains expertise she could not write of an experience but could animate it with sharp and
vivid life. There is not a single flat sentence in her book. Her narrative texture changes from scene to
scene, taking on chameleon life, the mind–set of the characters being described as meaningful. The
content of GithaHariharan's novel is based on progressive ideas:
"GithaHariharan ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The story of The Thousand Faces of Night presents different generations of women each
representing her time and traditions. Another pattern of discourse analysis is based on the study of
conversation and dialogue. There are ample examples depicting feminist ideas throughout the novel.
In one of the passages it has been referred to that she thought of the three of them, Mayamma, Sita
and herself. Three of the women who walked a tightrope and struggled for some balance, for some
means of survival they could fashion for themselves. GithaHariharan has depicted struggle suffered
by Indian women for their existence. Even Mayamma realizes that for a woman who leaves her
home in search of god, only death is the homecoming. Parvatiamma's son Mahesh calls her
irresponsible and a traitor. The author beautifully narrates at the novel ends with a graphic
description which is very meaningful: Suitcase in hand, Devi opened the gate and looked
wonderingly at the garden, wild and over grown, but lush in spite of its sand choked roots. Then she
quickened her footsteps as she heard the faint sounds of a Veena, hesitant and childlike, inviting her
into the house. Devi's character has is representative of many complex issues of Indian society. Devi

Similarities Between Sita And Sita
Objective of my summer project is to compare and contrast the personality and life of our two
greatest women of epics Goddess Sita and Draupadi. I would like to draw attention towards that
how different they were yet they were similar.
One daughter was wanted and other was unwanted for the father,Draupadi just erupted from fire her
father just wanted a son. One erupted from fire full grown, Draupadi a woman who hasn't
experienced childhood. She had to suffer because of her husbands. Goddess Sita was saved by her
husband. Like Goddess Sita Draupadi was also reincarnation of several goddess but she is only a
village Goddess and she is worshipped alone without her five husbands. Whereas Goddess Sita is
worshipped with her husband and sometimes ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Draupadi, however, does not get the pleasure of raising her children; they are sent to the house of
Krishna while she lives in exile in the forest with her husbands. All five are murdered by Drona's
son who refuses to take defeat lying down. The kingdom of the Pandavas is passed on to the
grandson of one of Arjuna's other wives. Both Sita and Draupadi are trophies in an archery contest.
Ram breaks a mighty bow that he was supposed to string to win Sita's hand while Arjuna strikes the
eye of a fish rotating on a wheel hanging from the ceiling to win Draupadi's hand. Some Ramayana
retellings tell us of how Sita met Ram in a garden before marriage and it was love at first sight, there
is no such romance in Draupadi's life. In fact, she prevents Karna from participating in the archery
contest as he is of low caste and ends up marrying a brahmin who turns out to be Arjuna disguised.
Sita's sister and cousins are given in marriage to Ram's brothers. Draupadi is shared by Arjuna's four
brothers, all of whom have many other wives. Thus while Sita experiences monogamy, Draupadi
experiences polyandry and

The Roles Of The Role Of Sita In Ramayana
Abstract:
Sita is the only woman who captures the attention of readers and audience in the Indian epic poem
Ramayana. Sita has been interpreted several times for the way her life had been. She is born of the
earth and gets consumed by the earth. Sita's biological parents are not known. But the mother of Sita
is a God. While living the life of a human, this God incarnate figure of Goddess Lakshmi is the
foster daughter of King Janaka who takes care of her and brings her up with all the love and care but
then finally offers her in marriage after the swayamvara. Looking closely at this, we find that Sita
even though without biological inheritance could not be outside the patriarchal realm where the
daughter would be offered to a man in marriage ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The goddess incarnate fails to project her potentiality as a Goddess. She stays back within the
lakshmanrekha, further making it evident that incarnation has no significance and the earthly woman
is in need of protection. This frail act of Sita at that moment nullifies the power of goddess incarnate
and emphasizes only on the earthly frail nature of women or the "weaker sex" is highlighted. Sita
fails.
Sita gets deeper and deeper into the circles of patriarchy. The lakshmanrekha, the supreme metaphor
for women's restricted movement.
According to the diasporic perspective the mythological figure of Sita projects an ambivalent
function of a subservient wife and a powerful symbol emanating resistance to maintain her
obedience till the end. (Vogt–William, 2014). Sita instructs Lakshman in the beginning to go and
protect her husband as depicted in the poem and then when Lakshman does not abide by her, she is
seen as a transfigured human entity of a woman rather than an ethereal entity of supernatural
attributes has been worshipped for ages by the people as a goddess.
Lakshman logically tries to assure the safety of Ram to

Illusions : Test, Defense, Or Both?
Illusions: Test, Defense, or Both?
"Krishna was pushing at the door. Then he gave up and went to a smaller doorway next to it. 'I'll get
in, or else!' He stepped up, pushed, and fell right through. Krishna lay on the beautiful floor. 'Well,
come in. There is no door here, just empty air'" (Buck, 88). In this quote, the illusions of the palace
are meant to further beautify the palace, and is a defense against enemies who would try to barge in.
It is also a way to test a man's pride, the answer being his reaction when he falls for the illusions.
Another example of illusion is in the story of the Golden Mongoose, where, the family is sent to
heaven when they see past the illusion, and give Yama the last of their food. In Nala and
Damayanti's story, Nala uses illusions to hide himself, from the world, from Nala, and from himself.
Throughout the Mahabharata, there is a strong emphasis on the illusions that cloud our eyes from
reality, and how one must look past them to find resolution. They are often a test made to test one's
values and beliefs. However, illusions are also a form of self–defense–used to hide from others,
from people important to you, or from even yourself. This is seen just as often in the book, in the
story of the Golden Mongoose and Nala and Damayanti; and is also reflected elsewhere in the story
when Yudhishthira is tested before being able to go to heaven, and when the Pandavas disguise
themselves in the thirteenth year.
Illusions in the Mahabharata are

Indian Epic
The Mahabharata (composed between 300 BC and 300 AD) has the honor of being the longest epic
in world literature, 100,000 2–line stanzas (although the most recent critical edition edits this down
to about 88,000), making it eight times as long as Homer's Iliad and Odyssey together, and over 3
times as long as the Bible (Chaitanya vii). According to the Narasimhan version, only about 4000
lines relate to the main story; the rest contain additional myths and teachings. In other words,
theMahabharata resembles a long journey with many side roads and detours. It is said that
"Whatever is here is found elsewhere. But whatever is not here is nowhere else."
The name means "great [story of the] Bharatas." Bharata was an early ancestor of both the ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
when drona was younger he was close to drupada( a king) after a few years drona went to see
drupada who is now a king but Drupada did not accept him as a friend because according to him
"only equals can be friends"in exchange for training drona asks the pandavas to avenge him. they
conquer drupada's kingdom and gave it to drona, drona then gives half of the kingdom to drupada
saying now were equals. drona recognizes arjuna's skill in archery thus he favors him and gives his
special training, drona then prepares a tournament to display the skills of the 5 pandava brothers in
but a stranger appears and equals arjuna in archery. this is karna, little did he pandavas know that
karna is the son of their mother kunti to the sun god before he married pandu, when karna was a
baby she put him in a basket and put him in the river. but kunti did not know this and the pandavas
mocked him and they said they would not fight with someone who isnt of royal birth. but their
cousin Duryodhana from the kauravas seeing a potential ally in kunti, ignored the strict rules of the
caste system and said that "Birth is obscure and men are like rivers whose origins are often
unknown" duryodhana gives karna a small kingdom and karna swears eternal friendship to the
kauravas.
The Pandavas narrowly escape a plot by Duryodhana to burn them in a house made of highly
flammable materials. For months

The Tradition And Society Of Indi An Impeccable...
The traditions, culture and society in India have given precedence to men over women in multitude
of issues concerning family, administration, decision–making and several other matters of high
magnitude. This gender bias has gradually taken a shape as male chauvinism, which resulted in the
oppression of women and subjected them to insufferable physical, psychological, moral and ethical
castigation. Women, albeit contribute equally with men in societal and domestic affairs, are not
allowed to enjoy equal status with men in traditional India. Indian society has always manifested
them as obedient daughters, dedicated mothers, devoted wives and loving siblings. The funniest
thing in Indian culture is a mother, being a woman, alienates her daughter and manifests antagonism
to her, if she makes attempts to question gender–bias in her family or in society. The novel is an
impeccable manifestation of post colonial period where a woman is fighting for her constitutional
rights for education and power. The female protagonist Saritha in the novel acquires good education
and becomes a doctor despite her mother's antipathy to girl education. She sustains her mother's
antagonism to her who perpetually maltreats her with her offhand attitude to her very existence in
the family as she wrongly concludes her as the murderess of her dear brother, Dhruva. Further, she
is estranged from her family as she marries a person of her choice. Her husband, Manohar is a
school teacher. Saritha, being a

Leadership Lessons From Ramayana And Steve Jobs
Leadership lessons from Ramayana and its relevance to Steve jobs
"The world steps aside to a person who knows where he or she is going" Mahatma Gandhi
The Ramayana is one of the greatest epics of Hindu Mythology. It is not just a story, but also an
educational medium used by the ancient sages to espouse the importance of doing your dharma
(duty). Lessons from Ramayana are a part of teaching leadership, management and governance at
many prestigious management institutions. Here we will talk about leadership quality of Ramayana's
main character Ram and its relevance to Apple's co–founder Steve Jobs.
Ram was a dispassionate, objective and impartial man. He was a role model as leader and manager
because he responded to misfortunes with fortitude and courage. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
They have shown lot of negative traits for achieving their aim and showing supremacy.
Bulliness: Rama show his bulliness nature by targeting arrow on Vali from behind tree while vali
was fighting with Sugriva which was against the rule of war. No one can defeat vali due to his
blessing that who will fight with vali from front side, half of fighter's power will be added to vali's
power.
Despite visionary quality, jobs was famously impatient, petulant and tough with people around him.
He generally used to shout on the employee who did not support his idea. Due to this nature he lost
many talented employee who could help him in developing the product in the best way.
Supremacy: Sita has already passed ordeal fire examination for showing her purity after getting
rescued from Lanka.For showing supremacy as 'Maryada Purushottam', Ram ordered Sita to leave
Ayodhaya on people's backbiting. At that time Sita was pregnant which shows unfairness deed of

Concept Concepts Of Feminine Power Essay
CHAPTER 3 – CONCEPT OF FEMININE POWER
The word 'feminine' refers to a woman and the word 'power' is symbolic of the strength and courage
that she possesses; thus feminine power is the way in which women prove themselves to be ahead of
men, how much strength a woman has to bring about a positive change in society by her words and
deeds. It is like awakening the authentic power to so–create and shape the future and lives of
millions of people. Feminine energy is one of the most powerful forces on Earth.
Feminine power is the power to create those things that are beyond our control, but which our hearts
most deeply long for. Things such as love, intimacy, spiritual connection, self–expression, creativity,
and right livelihood, meaningful contribution to the world and a higher future for generations to
come all require the awakening of the co–creative feminine power to bring them forth.
There are many women who have left their marks behind in shaping the society. But in this research
paper the main focus will be laid upon Sita and Draupadi. As discussed earlier that how much these
two women had to suffer in their respective lives, we also learn in the later part of the two epics that
how these women turned their sufferings into struggle for justice. Both women represent feminine
power in their own ways.
In Ramayana, Sita was the epitome of feminine power. Though she had a life of extreme struggle
but she did not fall weak and gave up her hopes. She remained strong and carried

Examples Of Narrative In The Thousand Faces Of Night
CHAPTER IV
Narrative technique in Githa Hariharan's The Thousand Faces of Night:
Narration is the telling of a story, and Narrative is the way you tell stories. It's the glue that ties your
creators to the to the plot events in your story. As well as elements like scene setting, narrative
includes description, so we'll deal with these features together.
A storyteller uses narrative to tell the story _to relate what's fashionable, give a point of view, and
explain events, characters , responses, and so on. Narrative exists above and beyond the plot and
characters, though –in a film or novel for example, narrative can tell us things that the characters
themselves do not know.
Hariharan, the internationally acclaimed Indo–English writer has secured an enviable position for
herself among ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
But it is not Devi's description alone that finds experience in it; the novelist has entrenched so many
other stories which are related to real life, to mythical page (told by her grand–mother, pati), to the
life of musicians and about the females' ideal role (told by her father–in–law) as well. The variety of
stories does not create any harm to the meaning of the story and the aim of the novelist because the
skilfully interwoven plots give each other considerable meaning. The revolving point of the story is
Devi's life with all the mythical stories. All these are inseparable part of the novel as all these stories
and the real stories (connected with these mythical narrations) present a glimpse of what will go on
in the life of Devi and put in the picture the truth of females' fate in the patriarchal society. The
novel causes the readers' encounter with the truth that how so ever the female get educational
capacities, how so ever the society may become modernised; but the females will be exploited in all
the ages and their condition will remain as still as it was years ago during the mythical

Myth In Girish Karnad
Abstract: Indian literature written in English language has its base n the myth that has been passed
on from generations. Like many Indian English writers writing in English Girish Karnad is of no
exception. In his writings the mythological aspects echo throughout. His plays like 'Hayavadana',
'The Fire and The Rplay hain' and 'Nagmandala' are based on the myths but Karnad gives an
approach to myth in a different way. His plays originate from the myths of Indian legends but in the
course of the play hee insert some of the acts which make us rethink about depending on God,
especially through the man–God encounter acts. Key words: Myth, Legends, Pooja, God, Naga ,
Self Sacrifice Introducton: As India is filled with numberless of Gods and Goddesses ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Parvasu kills his father Raibhya though he is the Chief Priest of the holy Yajna. The Yajna is a holy
or sacred activity but he pollutes it. According to the Hindu ritual, people can sit in the yajna only
when they have bath and also they must have a non–vegetarian food or sometimes even without
food (upwas) but Parvasu commits a great sin by killing his father. This creates an irony to the status
of Parvasu as despite being the Chief Priest of the yajna he commits a sin. This act of him would
have created an agitation among the public as the yajna is meant for pleasing the Gods so that they
will get the rain. But after this sin he commits another sin by hiding his crime. He tries to put the
blame of killing his father to his brother Arvasu but his self realization makes his to expiate himself
in the same fire of yajna. But it is doubtful whether the people get rain because of the self expiation
of Parvasu or not. The self sacrifice of Parvasu is important part of the play to but as a part of the
yajna it is only a personal atonement. Through this scene Girish Karnad shows the self realization or
the feeling of guiltiness among the people after committing a

Similarities And Similarities Between Sita And Sita
Objective of my summer project is to compare and contrast the personality and life of our two
greatest women of epics Goddess Sita and Draupadi. I would like to draw attention towards that
how different they were yet they were similar.
One daughter was wanted and other was unwanted for the father,Draupadi just erupted from fire her
father just wanted a son. One erupted from fire full grown, Draupadi a woman who hasn't
experienced childhood. She had to suffer because of her husbands. Goddess Sita was saved by her
husband. Like Goddess Sita Draupadi was also reincarnation of several goddess but she is only a
village Goddess and she is worshipped alone without her five husbands. Whereas Goddess Sita is
worshipped with her husband and sometimes ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Where Sita got her husband that she was destined for, with some patience. Draupadi got her husband
after Karna, son of Kunti, abandoned by her as he was born before marriage and was brought up by
a charioteer. Draupadi rejected him by saying" no, the son of charioteer can not contend for my hand
in marriage". When all the Kshatriyas failed. Draupadi then invited the Brahmins that were
attending the syawamvara. Those Brahmins were pandavs in disguise. Then came Arjuna he won the
archery contest that was held and got Draupadi's hand in marriage. The remaining Kshatriyas some
were watching the scene unfold infront of them and some started to revolt but seeing his other four
brothers protecting they backed off. Then the brothers brought Draupadi to their home and asked
their mother Kunti to see what they have got from royal household and Kunti then asked them to
share whatever it is among themselves without seeing what was is or rather who was is it that they
were talking about. So carelessness of a woman made other woman suffer. This was not just little
incident but it impacted the whole life of Draupadi. She was always taunted because of this but in
actuality this was not her mistake. Draupadi and Sita are both victims of male society. Sita was
victim of lust of Ravana and the revenge that burned inside Shrupnakha. After marriage there was
never a peace of moment for

Difference Between Monogamy And Polygamy
Chapter 1 : Introduction
Marriage can be defined as a socially acknowledged and approved sexual union between two adult
individuals. When two people marry, they become kin to one another. The marriage bond also links
together a broader range of people. Parents, brothers, sisters and other blood relatives become
relatives of the partner through marriage.
Marriage is an important social institution, and "The exclusive commitment of two individuals to
each other nurtures love and mutual support; it brings stability to our society" This was the
definition given by Chief Justice Margaret H. Marshall of the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial
Court.
The institution of marriage is used to control heterosexual behaviour and the resulting proliferation,
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These forms can be branded on the basis of the number of partners and rules controlling who can
marry whom. In terms of the number of partners that can rightfully enter into wedlock, we have two
forms of marriage, namely, monogamy and polygamy
Polygamy means marriage to more than one mate at one time . It can further classified into
a. Polygyny –one husband with two or more wives
b. Polyandry – one wife with two or more husbands.
Usually, polyandry is a result of harsh economic conditions . Since in such circumstances a single
man cannot sufficiently support a wife and children . Also in severe poverty conditions pressurise a
group to limit its population.
Monogamy limits the individual to one spouse at a time. In this system, at any time a man can have
only one wife and a woman can have only one husband. Even where polygamy is permitted, in
actual practice, monogamy is more widely dominant. In many societies, individuals are allowed to
marry again, often on the demise of the first spouse or after divorce. But they cannot have more than
one spouse at one and the same time. Such monogamous marriages are called serial monogamy.
Remarriages on the demise of a wife have been a norm for men for the most part.
Endogamy and

MAHĀBHĀRATA: The Epic of India
Mahābhārata has always been the dominant cultural text of Ancient Bhāratavarṣa to stir the
imagination of different ages. In this article, I venture to study the interpretation of Mahābhārata and
the Woman of Mahābhārata during Colonial Rule, with the intention to understand the dialogic
process between a colonized culture and colonizer culture.
As such, in this paper, with reference to Kunti's portrayal in Romesh Chunder Dutt's (1848–1909)
Mahābhārata re–telling, I propose to study the Construction/Re–Construction and Fashioning/Re–
Fashioning of the Woman of Mahābhārata in Colonial India in English Re–tellings.
Romesh Chunder Dutt's Mahabharata: the epic of India rendered into English verse in English first
appeared in 1898, hence, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In this paper I will discuss specifically on the Classical Mahābhārata, taking it as representative
literature of Ancient Bhāratavarṣa.
Re–tellings, translations, or transcreations of Classical Mahābhārata in English, vernacular, or any
other language are the dominant literary medium mostly in Mainstream Culture to know about
Mahābhārata – and one might add with this the medium of scholarly writings on Mahābhārata too.
As such, firsthand approach to Indian tradition is lacking at large, and the idea of tradition being
through the media of interpretative tradition has engendered the danger of a distorted view of
tradition. The distortion often swings between two extremes – either in viewing tradition as
Everything, or as Nothing.
While, on one hand it is the mark of a living tradition that

Monogamy And Polygamy Case Study
Chapter 1 : Introduction
Marriage can be defined as a socially acknowledged and approved sexual union between two adult
individuals. When two people marry, they become kin to one another. The marriage bond also links
together a broader range of people. Parents, brothers, sisters and other blood relatives become
relatives of the partner through marriage.
Marriage is an important social institution, and "The exclusive commitment of two individuals to
each other nurtures love and mutual support; it brings stability to our society" This was the
definition given by Chief Justice Margaret H. Marshall of the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial
Court.
The institution of marriage is used to control heterosexual behaviour and the resulting proliferation,
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These forms can be branded on the basis of the number of partners and rules controlling who can
marry whom. In terms of the number of partners that can rightfully enter into wedlock, we have two
forms of marriage, namely, monogamy and polygamy
Polygamy means marriage to more than one mate at one time . It can further classified into
a. Polygyny –one husband with two or more wives
b. Polyandry – one wife with two or more husbands.
Usually, polyandry is a result of harsh economic conditions . Since in such circumstances a single
man cannot sufficiently support a wife and children . Also in severe poverty conditions pressurise a
group to limit its population.
Monogamy limits the individual to one spouse at a time. In this system, at any time a man can have
only one wife and a woman can have only one husband. Even where polygamy is permitted, in
actual practice, monogamy is more widely dominant. In many societies, individuals are allowed to
marry again, often on the demise of the first spouse or after divorce. But they cannot have more than
one spouse at one and the same time. Such monogamous marriages are called serial monogamy.
Remarriages on the demise of a wife have been a norm for men for the most part.
Endogamy and

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