In our study, in vivo propagation experiments of seven Sedum L. species were carried out to evaluate the effects of two
factors (species, rooting substrate) on rooting of cuttings and plant acclimatisation. The biological material used was
represented by cuttings of shoots belonging to 7 species of Sedum (Sedum aizoon, Sedum kamtschaticum, Sedum
pallidum, Sedum spurium, Sedum rupestre, Sedum spectabile, Sedum sieboldii). Analysing the collected data, we found
that, depending on the species, the rooted substrates influence in different ways the rooting process and the subsequent
evolution of the plants.
Influence of foliar fertilizing on stomata parameters in maize leaf (Zea mays...Innspub Net
In this research, the effects of foliar fertilizer Megegreen on stomata parameters of maize leaf (ZP 677) were studied. The experiment was performed on the experimental fields of the Institute of Agriculture, in Skopje, R. of Macedonia, during the 2008 and 2009. The foliar fertilizer was applied four times during the growing period in different concentrations of 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9% solution. Stomata density and size were measured on the adaxial and abaxial leaf surface from randomly selected plants from each replication in stage of silking. Stomata counts were made on the impressions from microscopic fields using the colodium method. Analyses of variance indicated that the application of foliar fertilizer has significant influence on stomata features on corn leaves. Results from research, show higher stomata density on adaxial (176,19-182,32 stomata /mm2) and abaxial surface (289,12-293,12 stomata/mm2) at variants 3 and 4. Variant 3 has the highest stomata length on adaxial surface (59,75 μm), without significant difference and the highest average length on the abaxial surface (63,00 μm), which is significantly different from the control variant. With the highest average width on adaxial leaf surface was variant 4 with 11,56 μm and on the abaxial surface was variant 2, with 13,49 μm. A positive significant correlation was observed between stomata number on the adaxial and abaxial surface of leaf (R2= 0,856**). Get the full articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-7-number-4-october-2015-ijaar/
Influence of Supporter Substrat on the Rooting Percentage of Kiwifruit Cuttin...irjes
The paper presents the influence of supporter substrate on rooting of greenwood and semi-hardwood
cuttings of kiwifruit. The study was conducted during two consecutive years, 2013-2014, in a private
greenhouse in Lezha, using two periods of taking cuttings: June 5, with greenwood cuttings, and September 5,
with semi-hardwood cuttings. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) with two variants (in substrate
prelate-peat mix (60:40) and substrate prelate 100 %) and three replications, with a plot size of 100 vegetative
cuttings for variant for each replication, was used. Vegetative cuttings were pre-treated with indol-3-butyric acid
(IBA) 3000 ppm and were planted under controlled environmental conditions (air temperature 17-18oC, basal
supporter temperature 22-26oC, and 80-85% RH). In June, the experimental greenhouse was shaded with a black
mesh. Obtained results showed that greenwood and semi-hardwood cuttings of planted in substrate prelate-peat
(60:40) rooted better than cuttings of planted in substrate only prelate, in both planting periods (52.4% versus
46%, and 63% versus 54%). The highest rooting percentages were achieved using semi-hardwood cuttings
planted in September 5 on supporter polite-peat mix substrate (63%) and only polite (54%). Differences
between variants were testified using LSD and statistical ANOVA-tests.
This document is the September 2016 issue of the journal HortFlora Research Spectrum. It contains 19 articles on various topics related to horticulture and floriculture. The first article summarizes research on the leafing, flowering and fruiting patterns of the tree species Sterculia setigera in Ethiopia. The second article presents findings from a study on the correlation and path analysis of yield and its components in garlic. The third article evaluates the performance of 15 Chrysanthemum genotypes under conditions in Meghalaya, India.
No 8. response of mukhikachu (colocasia esculenta l.) cv. bilashi to plant sp...PARTNER, BADC, World Bank
The document summarizes a study on the effect of different plant spacing on the growth, yield and storability of mukhikachu (Colocasia esculenta L.) cv. Bilashi. Four spacing treatments were tested: S1 (60 cm × 20 cm), S2 (60 cm × 30 cm), S3 (60 cm × 40 cm), and S4 (60 cm × 50 cm). Maximum individual corm weight, number of suckers per hill, yield of corms and cormels per hectare were obtained from S3 (60 cm × 40 cm) spacing. However, plant spacing did not significantly affect the storability of cormels. The study found that a spacing of
Plant species and communities assessment in interaction with edaphic and topo...Shujaul Mulk Khan
The current analyses of vegetation were aimed to study the different effects of environmental variables on plant species and communities and their combined interactions to these variables, identified threats to local vegetation and suggestion for remedial measures in the Mount Eelum, Swat, Pakistan. For assessment of environmental variability quantitative ecological techniques were used through quadrats having sizes of 2 × 2, 5 × 5 and 10 × 10 m2 for herbs, shrubs and trees respectively. Result of the present study revealed 124 plant species in the study area. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) was used to analyze the ecological gradient of vegetation. The environmental data and species abundance were used in CANOCO software version 4.5. The presence absence data of plant species were elaborated with Cluster and Two Way Cluster Analysis techniques using PC-ORD version 5 to show different species composition that resulted in five plant communities. Findings indicate that elevation, aspect and soil texture are the strongest variables that have significant effect on species composition and distribution of various communities shown with P value 0.0500. It is recommended to protect and use sensibly whole of the Flora normally and rare species particularly in the region.
Foraging Patterns of Some Common Butterflies on Lantana camara - An Exotic, I...debojyotyGhosh
From the present study it was revealed that, there are nineteen different types of butterflies
dependent on Lantana camara in the study area, within these months. The dominance of
Papilionidae butterflies were seen from the results. Important to note that, Nymphalidae
butterflies share a very good number in the community, followed by Papilionidae, Pieridae
and Lycaenidae butterflies. All these butterflies show a greater preference on yellow coloured
flowers, followed by white and pink flowers on a single floret. So many potential nectar
plants were present, but they choose Lantana mostly. The biochemical aspects of the nectar
sugar concentration and the nectar quality analysis of the Lantana plant is a thirst area for
further research purpose. The present work also shows that, the proboscis lengths of the
butterfly vary within and between same and different families.
UPROOTING RESISTANCE ANDMORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS OF PLANTS USED IN EROSION MITIGA...IAEME Publication
Uprooting resistance of plants by erosion is influenced by morphological traits. This study established the mathematical relationship between uprooting resistance and morphological traits for various plants. Several lateral uprooting tests were carried out to determine the uprooting forces for twelve different plant species. Measurement of the surface and underground traits of the plants was carried out using basic measurement devices .The soil shear strength was determined at various depths of in two different locations. Statistical tools like ANOVA, regression, correlation, discriminant and t-test were employed in the analysis of data obtained.
Line × tester analysis for yield contributing morphological traits in Triticu...Innspub Net
The present study was carried out for the development of the water stress wheat cultivars with higher grain yield by studying the genetic basis of crucial morphological traits. Nine wheat genotypes were grouped into six lines and three testers and these parents were crossed line x tester fashion. Eighteen crosses including nine parents were planted in the field in randomized complete block design with three replications. Three drought tolerant varieties Chakwal-50, Chakwal-86 and Kohistan-97 were also sown to compare the results in water stress environment. Highest negative GCA effects were observed in WN-36 for plant height (-6.17) and flag leaf area (-1.53), while for peduncle length it was noted in 8126 lines (-1.15). Highest positive GCA effects were observed in WN-32 for a number of grains per spike (5.21), grain yield per plant (2.08) and for spikelet per spike (0.33), while for 8126 and WN-10 the number of tillers per plant (0.67) and spike length (0.25) was found, respectively. The crosses 9451 × WN-25, WN-36 × 8126, WN-10 × 8126 showed highest negative SCA effects for plant height (-8.06), flag leaf area (-2.89), and peduncle length (-2.05), respectively. Moreover, the cross combinations of WN-36 × WN-25, WN-32 × WN-25 and AARI-7 × 9526 showed positive SCA effects for number of tillers per plant (1.52), spike length (0.72) and number of spikelet per spike (0.84) respectively, while the interaction of WN-35 × 8126 crosses showed highest positive SCA effects for number of grains/spike (5.69) and grain yield/plant (2.75). The parental material used in this study and cross combinations obtained from these parents may be exploited in future breeding endeavors.
Influence of foliar fertilizing on stomata parameters in maize leaf (Zea mays...Innspub Net
In this research, the effects of foliar fertilizer Megegreen on stomata parameters of maize leaf (ZP 677) were studied. The experiment was performed on the experimental fields of the Institute of Agriculture, in Skopje, R. of Macedonia, during the 2008 and 2009. The foliar fertilizer was applied four times during the growing period in different concentrations of 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9% solution. Stomata density and size were measured on the adaxial and abaxial leaf surface from randomly selected plants from each replication in stage of silking. Stomata counts were made on the impressions from microscopic fields using the colodium method. Analyses of variance indicated that the application of foliar fertilizer has significant influence on stomata features on corn leaves. Results from research, show higher stomata density on adaxial (176,19-182,32 stomata /mm2) and abaxial surface (289,12-293,12 stomata/mm2) at variants 3 and 4. Variant 3 has the highest stomata length on adaxial surface (59,75 μm), without significant difference and the highest average length on the abaxial surface (63,00 μm), which is significantly different from the control variant. With the highest average width on adaxial leaf surface was variant 4 with 11,56 μm and on the abaxial surface was variant 2, with 13,49 μm. A positive significant correlation was observed between stomata number on the adaxial and abaxial surface of leaf (R2= 0,856**). Get the full articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-7-number-4-october-2015-ijaar/
Influence of Supporter Substrat on the Rooting Percentage of Kiwifruit Cuttin...irjes
The paper presents the influence of supporter substrate on rooting of greenwood and semi-hardwood
cuttings of kiwifruit. The study was conducted during two consecutive years, 2013-2014, in a private
greenhouse in Lezha, using two periods of taking cuttings: June 5, with greenwood cuttings, and September 5,
with semi-hardwood cuttings. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) with two variants (in substrate
prelate-peat mix (60:40) and substrate prelate 100 %) and three replications, with a plot size of 100 vegetative
cuttings for variant for each replication, was used. Vegetative cuttings were pre-treated with indol-3-butyric acid
(IBA) 3000 ppm and were planted under controlled environmental conditions (air temperature 17-18oC, basal
supporter temperature 22-26oC, and 80-85% RH). In June, the experimental greenhouse was shaded with a black
mesh. Obtained results showed that greenwood and semi-hardwood cuttings of planted in substrate prelate-peat
(60:40) rooted better than cuttings of planted in substrate only prelate, in both planting periods (52.4% versus
46%, and 63% versus 54%). The highest rooting percentages were achieved using semi-hardwood cuttings
planted in September 5 on supporter polite-peat mix substrate (63%) and only polite (54%). Differences
between variants were testified using LSD and statistical ANOVA-tests.
This document is the September 2016 issue of the journal HortFlora Research Spectrum. It contains 19 articles on various topics related to horticulture and floriculture. The first article summarizes research on the leafing, flowering and fruiting patterns of the tree species Sterculia setigera in Ethiopia. The second article presents findings from a study on the correlation and path analysis of yield and its components in garlic. The third article evaluates the performance of 15 Chrysanthemum genotypes under conditions in Meghalaya, India.
No 8. response of mukhikachu (colocasia esculenta l.) cv. bilashi to plant sp...PARTNER, BADC, World Bank
The document summarizes a study on the effect of different plant spacing on the growth, yield and storability of mukhikachu (Colocasia esculenta L.) cv. Bilashi. Four spacing treatments were tested: S1 (60 cm × 20 cm), S2 (60 cm × 30 cm), S3 (60 cm × 40 cm), and S4 (60 cm × 50 cm). Maximum individual corm weight, number of suckers per hill, yield of corms and cormels per hectare were obtained from S3 (60 cm × 40 cm) spacing. However, plant spacing did not significantly affect the storability of cormels. The study found that a spacing of
Plant species and communities assessment in interaction with edaphic and topo...Shujaul Mulk Khan
The current analyses of vegetation were aimed to study the different effects of environmental variables on plant species and communities and their combined interactions to these variables, identified threats to local vegetation and suggestion for remedial measures in the Mount Eelum, Swat, Pakistan. For assessment of environmental variability quantitative ecological techniques were used through quadrats having sizes of 2 × 2, 5 × 5 and 10 × 10 m2 for herbs, shrubs and trees respectively. Result of the present study revealed 124 plant species in the study area. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) was used to analyze the ecological gradient of vegetation. The environmental data and species abundance were used in CANOCO software version 4.5. The presence absence data of plant species were elaborated with Cluster and Two Way Cluster Analysis techniques using PC-ORD version 5 to show different species composition that resulted in five plant communities. Findings indicate that elevation, aspect and soil texture are the strongest variables that have significant effect on species composition and distribution of various communities shown with P value 0.0500. It is recommended to protect and use sensibly whole of the Flora normally and rare species particularly in the region.
Foraging Patterns of Some Common Butterflies on Lantana camara - An Exotic, I...debojyotyGhosh
From the present study it was revealed that, there are nineteen different types of butterflies
dependent on Lantana camara in the study area, within these months. The dominance of
Papilionidae butterflies were seen from the results. Important to note that, Nymphalidae
butterflies share a very good number in the community, followed by Papilionidae, Pieridae
and Lycaenidae butterflies. All these butterflies show a greater preference on yellow coloured
flowers, followed by white and pink flowers on a single floret. So many potential nectar
plants were present, but they choose Lantana mostly. The biochemical aspects of the nectar
sugar concentration and the nectar quality analysis of the Lantana plant is a thirst area for
further research purpose. The present work also shows that, the proboscis lengths of the
butterfly vary within and between same and different families.
UPROOTING RESISTANCE ANDMORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS OF PLANTS USED IN EROSION MITIGA...IAEME Publication
Uprooting resistance of plants by erosion is influenced by morphological traits. This study established the mathematical relationship between uprooting resistance and morphological traits for various plants. Several lateral uprooting tests were carried out to determine the uprooting forces for twelve different plant species. Measurement of the surface and underground traits of the plants was carried out using basic measurement devices .The soil shear strength was determined at various depths of in two different locations. Statistical tools like ANOVA, regression, correlation, discriminant and t-test were employed in the analysis of data obtained.
Line × tester analysis for yield contributing morphological traits in Triticu...Innspub Net
The present study was carried out for the development of the water stress wheat cultivars with higher grain yield by studying the genetic basis of crucial morphological traits. Nine wheat genotypes were grouped into six lines and three testers and these parents were crossed line x tester fashion. Eighteen crosses including nine parents were planted in the field in randomized complete block design with three replications. Three drought tolerant varieties Chakwal-50, Chakwal-86 and Kohistan-97 were also sown to compare the results in water stress environment. Highest negative GCA effects were observed in WN-36 for plant height (-6.17) and flag leaf area (-1.53), while for peduncle length it was noted in 8126 lines (-1.15). Highest positive GCA effects were observed in WN-32 for a number of grains per spike (5.21), grain yield per plant (2.08) and for spikelet per spike (0.33), while for 8126 and WN-10 the number of tillers per plant (0.67) and spike length (0.25) was found, respectively. The crosses 9451 × WN-25, WN-36 × 8126, WN-10 × 8126 showed highest negative SCA effects for plant height (-8.06), flag leaf area (-2.89), and peduncle length (-2.05), respectively. Moreover, the cross combinations of WN-36 × WN-25, WN-32 × WN-25 and AARI-7 × 9526 showed positive SCA effects for number of tillers per plant (1.52), spike length (0.72) and number of spikelet per spike (0.84) respectively, while the interaction of WN-35 × 8126 crosses showed highest positive SCA effects for number of grains/spike (5.69) and grain yield/plant (2.75). The parental material used in this study and cross combinations obtained from these parents may be exploited in future breeding endeavors.
Study of Phenotypic Plasticity of Fruits of Luffa Acutangula Var. AmaraIJSRED
This study examines the phenotypic plasticity of fruits in the plant Luffa acutangula var. amara across different locations in Sindhudurg district, Maharashtra, India. The study found that the plant exhibited plasticity in growth cycle, flowering season, leaf shape, and fruit size depending on location. Maximum fruit weights and sizes were recorded at Talebazar village, while minimum sizes were found at Dahibav village. The variation in fruit morphology is an adaptation to the different environmental conditions at each site.
Mutation Induction for Improvement of Banana (Musa Spp). "Berangan Cv. Intan-...paperpublications3
Abstract: In vitro mutation induction by using gamma ray at 20, 30, 40 and 60Gy was used to generate variability in triploid banana "Berangan cv. Intan (AAA), so as to provide the opportunity to select plants with desirable characters such as early fruiting and short stature. Mutation frequency increased with increased dosage whereas, survival and capacity to regenerate decreased with increased doses. Time to initiation varied from 4-8 weeks for gamma-irradiated materials compared to 2-3 weeks in the control. It appeared that the higher the dose, the longer it took for shoot initiation. The exposure of shoot-tip meristem pieces to radiation doses produced wide variation in growth and morphogenetic performance. Mutagenic treatments induced 2 to 3- fold increases in variability in both quantitative and qualitative traits at different stages, in vitro; at nursery and field. For the field-grown plants; the proportion varied from 2.9% for the control plants to 16.8% for 60 Gy and 20.1% for 40 Gy-treatments, while for treatments at 20 and 30 Gy variations was at 18% and 19.2%, respectively. The frequency of variants was highest in 40 Gy followed by 30 Gy and 20 Gy, while it was very low in 60 Gy except for plant stature (dwarfism or stunted growth). Earliness to flowering variants were recorded at 20, 30 and 40 Gy at low frequencies (0.6%, 0.7% and 1.7%) respectively, while none was observed for 60 Gy treatments. As in vitro mutation induction could create genetic variability as well as many undesirable variants, it is highly desirable to integrate in vitro mutation with a selection system that can screen for large mutagen treated population. The useful variants recorded for earliness to flowering were selected for 30 and 40 Gy treatments. 40 Gy showed high frequency in earliness as compared with 20 and 30 Gy., which came to flowering as early as 6 – 6.5 months compared to 7-8 months for control. The useful dwarf, which considered as desirable traits, showed a balance of height and girth.
Mutation Induction for Improvement of Banana (Musa Spp.) Berangan Cv. Intan-AAApaperpublications3
Abstract: In vitro mutation induction by using gamma ray at 20, 30, 40 and 60Gy was used to generate variability in triploid banana "Berangan cv. Intan (AAA), so as to provide the opportunity to select plants with desirable characters such as early fruiting and short stature. Mutation frequency increased with increased dosage whereas, survival and capacity to regenerate decreased with increased doses. Time to initiation varied from 4-8 weeks for gamma-irradiated materials compared to 2-3 weeks in the control. It appeared that the higher the dose, the longer it took for shoot initiation. The exposure of shoot-tip meristem pieces to radiation doses produced wide variation in growth and morphogenetic performance. Mutagenic treatments induced 2 to 3- fold increases in variability in both quantitative and qualitative traits at different stages, in vitro; at nursery and field. For the field-grown plants; the proportion varied from 2.9% for the control plants to 16.8% for 60 Gy and 20.1% for 40 Gy-treatments, while for treatments at 20 and 30 Gy variations was at 18% and 19.2%, respectively. The frequency of variants was highest in 40 Gy followed by 30 Gy and 20 Gy, while it was very low in 60 Gy except for plant stature (dwarfism or stunted growth). Earliness to flowering variants were recorded at 20, 30 and 40 Gy at low frequencies (0.6%, 0.7% and 1.7%) respectively, while none was observed for 60 Gy treatments. As in vitro mutation induction could create genetic variability as well as many undesirable variants, it is highly desirable to integrate in vitro mutation with a selection system that can screen for large mutagen treated population. The useful variants recorded for earliness to flowering were selected for 30 and 40 Gy treatments. 40 Gy showed high frequency in earliness as compared with 20 and 30 Gy., which came to flowering as early as 6 – 6.5 months compared to 7-8 months for control. The useful dwarf, which considered as desirable traits, showed a balance of height and girth.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
This document summarizes a study that used leaf epidermal analysis to identify 10 sterile species of the genus Strychnos collected from the Oban Forest in Nigeria. The researchers examined 36 morphological and anatomical characters of the leaf epidermis. Principal component analysis revealed that epidermal cell number, length, width, trichome number, stomata number and indices were the major distinguishing features. Cluster analysis grouped the species into 3 clusters corresponding to sections within the Strychnos genus. Leaf epidermal analysis proved useful for identifying these sterile species and delimiting populations, which has implications for their use in herbal medicine and conservation efforts.
STUDY ON THE VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION OF SOME BEGONIA L. SPECIESMandaManuela
The plant size, growth rate and the degree of branching represent important criteria for determining the stage of commercial plant. This paper aimed to study the behaviour of plants belonging to the species Begonia masoniana and Begonia rex depending on the volume of substrate, in order to obtain plants for sale. The plant material, obtained from leaf cuttings, was planted in a mixture of peat and perlite (2:1), in pots of different sizes: 8 cm (0,32 l), 10 cm (0,4 l), 12 cm (0,7 l). The observations and determinations were focused on: the average height of the plant, the average diameter of the plant, the average length and width of the leaf, the average number of leaves. In order to obtain in a short period of time plants with rich shrubs for sale, it is recommended in the case of the Begonia masoniana species to use pots with a diameter of 8 cm, respectively a small volume of substrate. The main morphological characteristics of Begonia rex ‘Inca Fire’, express the best performance of plants in the larger volume container (12 cm diameter).
The document describes three experiments that tested the effects of plant growth hormones (IAA and BAP) and two potting media (coir dust/compost/sand and leaf mould/soil/sand) on the growth of the ornamental plant Ophiopogon sp.
In experiment 1, application of 100 mg/L IAA led to significantly increased fresh weight in the leaf mould potting medium and increased leaf length in the coir dust medium. Experiment 2 found that 75 mg/L BAP increased fresh weight in the leaf mould medium and all BAP treatments increased leaf length compared to the control. Experiment 3 showed that a combination of 100 mg/L IAA and 100 mg/L
This document summarizes a study that evaluated potato selections for resistance to root galling caused by the powdery scab pathogen Spongospora subterranea. Over seven field trials from 2003-2007 in Washington and Idaho, 57 potato selections were tested and compared to four susceptible industry standard cultivars. Eight selections showed greater resistance to root galling than the standards in two or more trials: PA98NM38-1 in 5 trials, PO94A009-10 in 4 trials, PA95B2-4 and PA98N5-2 in 3 trials, POR00HG5-1 in 2 trials, PO94A009-7 in 3 trials, PO94A012-2 in
Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal status on some medicinal plants of Go...inventionjournals
Medicinal plants are important for our existence that supplies us many components for drug formulation. In nature the plant of particular kind invades with so many microorganisms. Among them one beneficial one is Va-mycorrhizal fungi. It helps in various ways to promote growth and yield of biomass better in natural habitats. So, to promote growth in garden or manmade environment application of VA-fungi as biofertilizer is beneficial. In this study 41 medicinal plants have been studied and application of VAM fungi inocula on Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don. have been done. Monsoon showed highest colonization percentage followed by winter and summer where as spore density showed highest during winter followed by summer and monsoon.
Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal status on some medicinal plants of Go...inventionjournals
Medicinal plants are important for our existence that supplies us many components for drug formulation. In nature the plant of particular kind invades with so many microorganisms. Among them one beneficial one is Va-mycorrhizal fungi. It helps in various ways to promote growth and yield of biomass better in natural habitats. So, to promote growth in garden or manmade environment application of VA-fungi as biofertilizer is beneficial. In this study 41 medicinal plants have been studied and application of VAM fungi inocula on Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don. have been done. Monsoon showed highest colonization percentage followed by winter and summer where as spore density showed highest during winter followed by summer and monsoon.
1) The study examined the effect of different root pruning lengths on root growth in four tropical hardwood tree species in the Philippines.
2) It found that root growth, as measured by the number of new roots developed and length of tap root extension, was significantly affected by pruning length and increased with root pruning compared to no pruning.
3) Different species responded variably to pruning lengths, but most showed a positive response in terms of new root production and tap root extension with pruning.
Influence of Plant Density and Mulching on Growth and Yield of Lettuce (Lactu...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
This document summarizes a study on the effects of plant density and mulching on the growth and yield of romaine lettuce. The study found that planting lettuce in a seven-row bed scheme and mulching with well-rotted horse manure had the most positive effects. The seven-row bed scheme and horse manure mulch led to increased plant height, diameter, weight, and total yield compared to the other treatments. Specifically, the combination of the seven-row bed scheme and horse manure mulch increased total yield by 18% compared to the non-mulched control plots with the same planting scheme.
Taxonomic investigation of selected rust fungi using scanning.pdfShujaul Mulk Khan
This research article documents the taxonomic investigation of seven rust fungi species in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan using scanning electron microscopy. Microscopic examination revealed that the rust fungi belonged to four genera and had various spore shapes and sizes. Scanning electron microscopy was particularly useful in examining spore ornamentation, shape, and features in detail. The identification of these rust fungi species will aid in understanding their impact on agriculture and potential control measures.
This document summarizes a study on the mechanisms of resistance to the sorghum shoot fly, Atherigona soccata, in sorghum. The study evaluated different components of resistance (antixenosis, antibiosis, tolerance) in resistant and susceptible sorghum genotypes under field and greenhouse conditions. Key findings include: 1) Resistant genotypes experienced lower deadheart formation, produced more productive tillers, and insects fed on resistant genotypes had longer larval periods and lower survival rates. 2) Physico-chemical traits like leaf glossiness and trichome density were associated with resistance while chlorophyll content and leaf wetness were associated with susceptibility. 3) Deadheart formation, eggs on leaves, leaf gloss
Unit 1 [AC450 Advanced Accounting] Page 1 of 2 .docxwillcoxjanay
Unit 1 [AC450 Advanced Accounting]
Page 1 of 2
Research Assignment:
As we explore the role of the Security and Exchange commission on the business environment
(Chapter 12 Reading), we see that there are many rules and regulations that must be followed in
order for a publically traded business to operate in the United States:
Choose two laws and/or regulations that apply to United States public companies. Then
prepare a 2–3 page research paper in APA format and citation style addressing the following:
Checklist:
1. Describe each of the two laws and/or regulations.
2. Discuss the implications these laws and/or regulations have on the business environment.
3. Evaluate whether these laws and/or regulations are effective in achieving their intended
purpose.
4. Assess whether there are any changes or modifications necessary. If not, justify your reasons.
If so, briefly propose a solution to address the limitations.
Critical Elements:
● Write your original analytical essay in Standard American English. Please be sure to
include an Introduction, Body (addressing all the checklist items), and Conclusion.
● Pay special attention to correct grammar, style, and mechanics.
● Respond to the checklist items in a complete manner.
● Ensure that your viewpoint and purpose are clearly stated.
● Demonstrate logical and appropriate transitions from one idea to another.
● Your paper should be highly organized, logical, and focused.
Respond in a minimum of a 2–3 page APA formatted and citation styled paper and submit your
Assignment to the Unit 1 Assignment 2 Dropbox.
Unit 1 [AC450 Advanced Accounting]
Page 2 of 2
CHAPTER 1. COYOTE ENDOZOOCHORY OF PROSOPIS: CONSEQUENCES OF GUT PASSAGE, GERMINATION SUBSTRATE, AND SPATIAL PATTERNS OF DISPERSAL
ABSTRACT
Effective endozoochory requires that seeds maintain germinability after gut passage, that there is a suitable substrate for germination, and that animal dispersers deposit seeds in environments suitable for establishment. We sought to determine if coyotes (Canis latrans) are effective dispersers of western honey mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa var. torreyana) and screwbean mesquite (P. pubescens). Mesquites have increased their ranges over the past two centuries in southwestern North America and are among the dominant tree species at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Amargosa Valley, NV, USA. We performed a laboratory experiment examining the effects of gut passage on seed germinability, conducted a field experiment comparing emergence from feces and soil, and developed spatial models of the distribution of coyote feces. Gut passage positively affected screwbean mesquite seeds through high rates of removal of seeds from their legumes and of germination, but had limited effect on honey mesquite seeds. However, only two screwbean mesquite seedlings and no honey mesquite seedlings emerged from 81 feces, while many seedlin ...
6_Arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization of Sorghum vulgare in presence of root ...Aline Bruna Martins Vaz
This document summarizes a study that investigated the effects of root endophytic fungi isolated from Myrtus communis on sorghum plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. 150 endophytic fungi isolates were obtained from M. communis roots, including 7 taxa belonging to Ascomycota. None of the endophytic fungi, except Drechslera sp., were able to colonize sorghum roots. Some endophytic fungi increased sorghum shoot dry weight or AM colonization. The population of most endophytic fungi in the sorghum rhizosphere remained similar over time, except for one fungus that increased.
This study tested potato germplasm for resistance to black dot, a disease caused by the fungus Colletotrichum coccodes. Forty-six potato selections were evaluated in field trials from 2006-2008. Resistance was determined by comparing disease severity on potato stems to three industry standard cultivars. Four selections - A0012-5, PA95B2-4, PA98NM38-1, and PO94A009-7 - had less black dot than the standards in all years. These selections also showed genetic stability. Heritability of resistance was estimated to be moderate. The selections with resistance were derived from an introgression program to incorporate resistance to other pathogens. These selections could help sustainable management of black dot
Zeolite and Urea Fertilizer in the Growth and Yield of MaizeQUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Karo district is the center of the corn crop in northern Sumatera. Farmers use inorganic fertilizer on top recommendation, is not good for the soil, plants, and costs. Zeolite, alumino silicate compound hydrated the main elements: alkali cations, alkaline soil and have the property of absorbing, separator, catalisator, fixing soil and the efficiently of Urea. The purpose of this study were to understand zeolite, urea and interaction on the growth and yield of corn. The researchers use RAK factorial method, I zeolit: Z0 0 g/plot, Z1 105 g/plot, Z2 210 g/plot, Z3 315 g/plot. Z4 420 g/plot. II urea: U0 0 g/plant, U1 2,1 g/plant, U2 4,2 g/plant, U3 6,3 g/plant, U4 8,4 g/plant. The result shows that real zeolite affect plant height, leaf area, production and weight of 100 seeds, not unlike the stem diameter, number of leaves, number of cob. Urea real effect on plan height, leaf area, and production but did not differ on stem diameter, number of leaves, dry weight of 100 seeds and cobs line. So zeolite are 315 (Z3) and Urea 6.3 g/crop (U3), interaction (Z3U3).
Root Growth Potential, Variability and Heritability of Yemane (Gmelina arbore...Onofre Corpuz
1. The experiment characterized root growth potential (RGP) and determined growth variability and heritability of Yemane seedlings from three provinces in the Philippines.
2. Significant variations were found in morphological traits of seedlings based on seed source, with seeds from Quezon and Cotabato differing from Davao del Sur. RGP, measured by first order lateral roots (FOLR), was positively correlated with other morphological traits.
3. FOLR distribution was normal, ranging from 3 to 35 with an average of 18. Seedlings were grouped into low (0-10 FOLR), medium (11-20 FOLR) and high (21-30+ FOLR) categories
Pollen morphological variation of berberis l. from pakistan and its systemati...Shujaul Mulk Khan
This research article examines pollen morphological variation in 10 Berberis species from Pakistan using light and scanning electron microscopy. A variety of qualitative and quantitative pollen characteristics were measured, including shape, size, presence/absence of colpi, colpi length and width, exine thickness, ornamentation, aperture type, and polar-equatorial ratio. Results showed variation in all characteristics studied. Five species had pantocolpate pollen while five had spiroaperturate pollen. Pollen size ranged from 29-35 μm to 60-65 μm. Ornamentation included psilate-regulate and foveolate-fossulate. This pollen morphological data provides useful information for taxonomic identification of
Abstract— There is a strong desire amongst people to have colour in the shady areas of their landscapes. But shade-loving plants generally are not richly or brightly coloured. Ornamental coleus is an inconspicuous flower bearing ornamental plants which can act as a colorful option for shady landscape. Ornamental coleus is a promising ornamental foliage plant which provides a bold texture and a thick density for shady landscape. With this background, collection, conservation and evaluation of different ornamental coleus types / varieties carried out at ICAR-Central Coastal Agricultural Research Institute, Goa. Twenty four different types / varieties of ornamental coleus have been collected, maintained and evaluated for their suitability for landscape use. Significant differences were observed among different coleus types / varieties for various morphological and quality parameters. Plant height , number of leaves, number of branches, Stem girth, Length of leaf with petiole, Petiole length, leaf width, Length of leaf without petiole varied from 42.00 cm (Juicy Lucy) -89.67 cm (Eruption), 24.89 (Gay Delight) -72.00 (Trailing Queen), 3.00 (Mahogany Giant) -8.67 (Eruption), 0.563 cm (Blusher) - 0.817 cm (Eruption), 11.03 cm (Tilt a Whirl) - 18.83cm (Grape expectations), 2.07 cm (Pistachio Nightmare) - 6.00 cm (Eruption), 5.50 cm(Trailing Queen)-10.83 cm(Grape expectations), 8.33cm(Tilt a Whirl) - 14.78 cm (Grape expectations) respectively. Different ornamental coleus used in the present study exhibited an incredible range of diversity for various traits and it could be recommended to function for various purposes in landscaping like beds, borders, hedges, planters, hanging baskets, vertical gardens or containers.
Climate Change All over the World .pptxsairaanwer024
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
Study of Phenotypic Plasticity of Fruits of Luffa Acutangula Var. AmaraIJSRED
This study examines the phenotypic plasticity of fruits in the plant Luffa acutangula var. amara across different locations in Sindhudurg district, Maharashtra, India. The study found that the plant exhibited plasticity in growth cycle, flowering season, leaf shape, and fruit size depending on location. Maximum fruit weights and sizes were recorded at Talebazar village, while minimum sizes were found at Dahibav village. The variation in fruit morphology is an adaptation to the different environmental conditions at each site.
Mutation Induction for Improvement of Banana (Musa Spp). "Berangan Cv. Intan-...paperpublications3
Abstract: In vitro mutation induction by using gamma ray at 20, 30, 40 and 60Gy was used to generate variability in triploid banana "Berangan cv. Intan (AAA), so as to provide the opportunity to select plants with desirable characters such as early fruiting and short stature. Mutation frequency increased with increased dosage whereas, survival and capacity to regenerate decreased with increased doses. Time to initiation varied from 4-8 weeks for gamma-irradiated materials compared to 2-3 weeks in the control. It appeared that the higher the dose, the longer it took for shoot initiation. The exposure of shoot-tip meristem pieces to radiation doses produced wide variation in growth and morphogenetic performance. Mutagenic treatments induced 2 to 3- fold increases in variability in both quantitative and qualitative traits at different stages, in vitro; at nursery and field. For the field-grown plants; the proportion varied from 2.9% for the control plants to 16.8% for 60 Gy and 20.1% for 40 Gy-treatments, while for treatments at 20 and 30 Gy variations was at 18% and 19.2%, respectively. The frequency of variants was highest in 40 Gy followed by 30 Gy and 20 Gy, while it was very low in 60 Gy except for plant stature (dwarfism or stunted growth). Earliness to flowering variants were recorded at 20, 30 and 40 Gy at low frequencies (0.6%, 0.7% and 1.7%) respectively, while none was observed for 60 Gy treatments. As in vitro mutation induction could create genetic variability as well as many undesirable variants, it is highly desirable to integrate in vitro mutation with a selection system that can screen for large mutagen treated population. The useful variants recorded for earliness to flowering were selected for 30 and 40 Gy treatments. 40 Gy showed high frequency in earliness as compared with 20 and 30 Gy., which came to flowering as early as 6 – 6.5 months compared to 7-8 months for control. The useful dwarf, which considered as desirable traits, showed a balance of height and girth.
Mutation Induction for Improvement of Banana (Musa Spp.) Berangan Cv. Intan-AAApaperpublications3
Abstract: In vitro mutation induction by using gamma ray at 20, 30, 40 and 60Gy was used to generate variability in triploid banana "Berangan cv. Intan (AAA), so as to provide the opportunity to select plants with desirable characters such as early fruiting and short stature. Mutation frequency increased with increased dosage whereas, survival and capacity to regenerate decreased with increased doses. Time to initiation varied from 4-8 weeks for gamma-irradiated materials compared to 2-3 weeks in the control. It appeared that the higher the dose, the longer it took for shoot initiation. The exposure of shoot-tip meristem pieces to radiation doses produced wide variation in growth and morphogenetic performance. Mutagenic treatments induced 2 to 3- fold increases in variability in both quantitative and qualitative traits at different stages, in vitro; at nursery and field. For the field-grown plants; the proportion varied from 2.9% for the control plants to 16.8% for 60 Gy and 20.1% for 40 Gy-treatments, while for treatments at 20 and 30 Gy variations was at 18% and 19.2%, respectively. The frequency of variants was highest in 40 Gy followed by 30 Gy and 20 Gy, while it was very low in 60 Gy except for plant stature (dwarfism or stunted growth). Earliness to flowering variants were recorded at 20, 30 and 40 Gy at low frequencies (0.6%, 0.7% and 1.7%) respectively, while none was observed for 60 Gy treatments. As in vitro mutation induction could create genetic variability as well as many undesirable variants, it is highly desirable to integrate in vitro mutation with a selection system that can screen for large mutagen treated population. The useful variants recorded for earliness to flowering were selected for 30 and 40 Gy treatments. 40 Gy showed high frequency in earliness as compared with 20 and 30 Gy., which came to flowering as early as 6 – 6.5 months compared to 7-8 months for control. The useful dwarf, which considered as desirable traits, showed a balance of height and girth.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
This document summarizes a study that used leaf epidermal analysis to identify 10 sterile species of the genus Strychnos collected from the Oban Forest in Nigeria. The researchers examined 36 morphological and anatomical characters of the leaf epidermis. Principal component analysis revealed that epidermal cell number, length, width, trichome number, stomata number and indices were the major distinguishing features. Cluster analysis grouped the species into 3 clusters corresponding to sections within the Strychnos genus. Leaf epidermal analysis proved useful for identifying these sterile species and delimiting populations, which has implications for their use in herbal medicine and conservation efforts.
STUDY ON THE VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION OF SOME BEGONIA L. SPECIESMandaManuela
The plant size, growth rate and the degree of branching represent important criteria for determining the stage of commercial plant. This paper aimed to study the behaviour of plants belonging to the species Begonia masoniana and Begonia rex depending on the volume of substrate, in order to obtain plants for sale. The plant material, obtained from leaf cuttings, was planted in a mixture of peat and perlite (2:1), in pots of different sizes: 8 cm (0,32 l), 10 cm (0,4 l), 12 cm (0,7 l). The observations and determinations were focused on: the average height of the plant, the average diameter of the plant, the average length and width of the leaf, the average number of leaves. In order to obtain in a short period of time plants with rich shrubs for sale, it is recommended in the case of the Begonia masoniana species to use pots with a diameter of 8 cm, respectively a small volume of substrate. The main morphological characteristics of Begonia rex ‘Inca Fire’, express the best performance of plants in the larger volume container (12 cm diameter).
The document describes three experiments that tested the effects of plant growth hormones (IAA and BAP) and two potting media (coir dust/compost/sand and leaf mould/soil/sand) on the growth of the ornamental plant Ophiopogon sp.
In experiment 1, application of 100 mg/L IAA led to significantly increased fresh weight in the leaf mould potting medium and increased leaf length in the coir dust medium. Experiment 2 found that 75 mg/L BAP increased fresh weight in the leaf mould medium and all BAP treatments increased leaf length compared to the control. Experiment 3 showed that a combination of 100 mg/L IAA and 100 mg/L
This document summarizes a study that evaluated potato selections for resistance to root galling caused by the powdery scab pathogen Spongospora subterranea. Over seven field trials from 2003-2007 in Washington and Idaho, 57 potato selections were tested and compared to four susceptible industry standard cultivars. Eight selections showed greater resistance to root galling than the standards in two or more trials: PA98NM38-1 in 5 trials, PO94A009-10 in 4 trials, PA95B2-4 and PA98N5-2 in 3 trials, POR00HG5-1 in 2 trials, PO94A009-7 in 3 trials, PO94A012-2 in
Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal status on some medicinal plants of Go...inventionjournals
Medicinal plants are important for our existence that supplies us many components for drug formulation. In nature the plant of particular kind invades with so many microorganisms. Among them one beneficial one is Va-mycorrhizal fungi. It helps in various ways to promote growth and yield of biomass better in natural habitats. So, to promote growth in garden or manmade environment application of VA-fungi as biofertilizer is beneficial. In this study 41 medicinal plants have been studied and application of VAM fungi inocula on Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don. have been done. Monsoon showed highest colonization percentage followed by winter and summer where as spore density showed highest during winter followed by summer and monsoon.
Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal status on some medicinal plants of Go...inventionjournals
Medicinal plants are important for our existence that supplies us many components for drug formulation. In nature the plant of particular kind invades with so many microorganisms. Among them one beneficial one is Va-mycorrhizal fungi. It helps in various ways to promote growth and yield of biomass better in natural habitats. So, to promote growth in garden or manmade environment application of VA-fungi as biofertilizer is beneficial. In this study 41 medicinal plants have been studied and application of VAM fungi inocula on Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don. have been done. Monsoon showed highest colonization percentage followed by winter and summer where as spore density showed highest during winter followed by summer and monsoon.
1) The study examined the effect of different root pruning lengths on root growth in four tropical hardwood tree species in the Philippines.
2) It found that root growth, as measured by the number of new roots developed and length of tap root extension, was significantly affected by pruning length and increased with root pruning compared to no pruning.
3) Different species responded variably to pruning lengths, but most showed a positive response in terms of new root production and tap root extension with pruning.
Influence of Plant Density and Mulching on Growth and Yield of Lettuce (Lactu...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
This document summarizes a study on the effects of plant density and mulching on the growth and yield of romaine lettuce. The study found that planting lettuce in a seven-row bed scheme and mulching with well-rotted horse manure had the most positive effects. The seven-row bed scheme and horse manure mulch led to increased plant height, diameter, weight, and total yield compared to the other treatments. Specifically, the combination of the seven-row bed scheme and horse manure mulch increased total yield by 18% compared to the non-mulched control plots with the same planting scheme.
Taxonomic investigation of selected rust fungi using scanning.pdfShujaul Mulk Khan
This research article documents the taxonomic investigation of seven rust fungi species in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan using scanning electron microscopy. Microscopic examination revealed that the rust fungi belonged to four genera and had various spore shapes and sizes. Scanning electron microscopy was particularly useful in examining spore ornamentation, shape, and features in detail. The identification of these rust fungi species will aid in understanding their impact on agriculture and potential control measures.
This document summarizes a study on the mechanisms of resistance to the sorghum shoot fly, Atherigona soccata, in sorghum. The study evaluated different components of resistance (antixenosis, antibiosis, tolerance) in resistant and susceptible sorghum genotypes under field and greenhouse conditions. Key findings include: 1) Resistant genotypes experienced lower deadheart formation, produced more productive tillers, and insects fed on resistant genotypes had longer larval periods and lower survival rates. 2) Physico-chemical traits like leaf glossiness and trichome density were associated with resistance while chlorophyll content and leaf wetness were associated with susceptibility. 3) Deadheart formation, eggs on leaves, leaf gloss
Unit 1 [AC450 Advanced Accounting] Page 1 of 2 .docxwillcoxjanay
Unit 1 [AC450 Advanced Accounting]
Page 1 of 2
Research Assignment:
As we explore the role of the Security and Exchange commission on the business environment
(Chapter 12 Reading), we see that there are many rules and regulations that must be followed in
order for a publically traded business to operate in the United States:
Choose two laws and/or regulations that apply to United States public companies. Then
prepare a 2–3 page research paper in APA format and citation style addressing the following:
Checklist:
1. Describe each of the two laws and/or regulations.
2. Discuss the implications these laws and/or regulations have on the business environment.
3. Evaluate whether these laws and/or regulations are effective in achieving their intended
purpose.
4. Assess whether there are any changes or modifications necessary. If not, justify your reasons.
If so, briefly propose a solution to address the limitations.
Critical Elements:
● Write your original analytical essay in Standard American English. Please be sure to
include an Introduction, Body (addressing all the checklist items), and Conclusion.
● Pay special attention to correct grammar, style, and mechanics.
● Respond to the checklist items in a complete manner.
● Ensure that your viewpoint and purpose are clearly stated.
● Demonstrate logical and appropriate transitions from one idea to another.
● Your paper should be highly organized, logical, and focused.
Respond in a minimum of a 2–3 page APA formatted and citation styled paper and submit your
Assignment to the Unit 1 Assignment 2 Dropbox.
Unit 1 [AC450 Advanced Accounting]
Page 2 of 2
CHAPTER 1. COYOTE ENDOZOOCHORY OF PROSOPIS: CONSEQUENCES OF GUT PASSAGE, GERMINATION SUBSTRATE, AND SPATIAL PATTERNS OF DISPERSAL
ABSTRACT
Effective endozoochory requires that seeds maintain germinability after gut passage, that there is a suitable substrate for germination, and that animal dispersers deposit seeds in environments suitable for establishment. We sought to determine if coyotes (Canis latrans) are effective dispersers of western honey mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa var. torreyana) and screwbean mesquite (P. pubescens). Mesquites have increased their ranges over the past two centuries in southwestern North America and are among the dominant tree species at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Amargosa Valley, NV, USA. We performed a laboratory experiment examining the effects of gut passage on seed germinability, conducted a field experiment comparing emergence from feces and soil, and developed spatial models of the distribution of coyote feces. Gut passage positively affected screwbean mesquite seeds through high rates of removal of seeds from their legumes and of germination, but had limited effect on honey mesquite seeds. However, only two screwbean mesquite seedlings and no honey mesquite seedlings emerged from 81 feces, while many seedlin ...
6_Arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization of Sorghum vulgare in presence of root ...Aline Bruna Martins Vaz
This document summarizes a study that investigated the effects of root endophytic fungi isolated from Myrtus communis on sorghum plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. 150 endophytic fungi isolates were obtained from M. communis roots, including 7 taxa belonging to Ascomycota. None of the endophytic fungi, except Drechslera sp., were able to colonize sorghum roots. Some endophytic fungi increased sorghum shoot dry weight or AM colonization. The population of most endophytic fungi in the sorghum rhizosphere remained similar over time, except for one fungus that increased.
This study tested potato germplasm for resistance to black dot, a disease caused by the fungus Colletotrichum coccodes. Forty-six potato selections were evaluated in field trials from 2006-2008. Resistance was determined by comparing disease severity on potato stems to three industry standard cultivars. Four selections - A0012-5, PA95B2-4, PA98NM38-1, and PO94A009-7 - had less black dot than the standards in all years. These selections also showed genetic stability. Heritability of resistance was estimated to be moderate. The selections with resistance were derived from an introgression program to incorporate resistance to other pathogens. These selections could help sustainable management of black dot
Zeolite and Urea Fertilizer in the Growth and Yield of MaizeQUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Karo district is the center of the corn crop in northern Sumatera. Farmers use inorganic fertilizer on top recommendation, is not good for the soil, plants, and costs. Zeolite, alumino silicate compound hydrated the main elements: alkali cations, alkaline soil and have the property of absorbing, separator, catalisator, fixing soil and the efficiently of Urea. The purpose of this study were to understand zeolite, urea and interaction on the growth and yield of corn. The researchers use RAK factorial method, I zeolit: Z0 0 g/plot, Z1 105 g/plot, Z2 210 g/plot, Z3 315 g/plot. Z4 420 g/plot. II urea: U0 0 g/plant, U1 2,1 g/plant, U2 4,2 g/plant, U3 6,3 g/plant, U4 8,4 g/plant. The result shows that real zeolite affect plant height, leaf area, production and weight of 100 seeds, not unlike the stem diameter, number of leaves, number of cob. Urea real effect on plan height, leaf area, and production but did not differ on stem diameter, number of leaves, dry weight of 100 seeds and cobs line. So zeolite are 315 (Z3) and Urea 6.3 g/crop (U3), interaction (Z3U3).
Root Growth Potential, Variability and Heritability of Yemane (Gmelina arbore...Onofre Corpuz
1. The experiment characterized root growth potential (RGP) and determined growth variability and heritability of Yemane seedlings from three provinces in the Philippines.
2. Significant variations were found in morphological traits of seedlings based on seed source, with seeds from Quezon and Cotabato differing from Davao del Sur. RGP, measured by first order lateral roots (FOLR), was positively correlated with other morphological traits.
3. FOLR distribution was normal, ranging from 3 to 35 with an average of 18. Seedlings were grouped into low (0-10 FOLR), medium (11-20 FOLR) and high (21-30+ FOLR) categories
Pollen morphological variation of berberis l. from pakistan and its systemati...Shujaul Mulk Khan
This research article examines pollen morphological variation in 10 Berberis species from Pakistan using light and scanning electron microscopy. A variety of qualitative and quantitative pollen characteristics were measured, including shape, size, presence/absence of colpi, colpi length and width, exine thickness, ornamentation, aperture type, and polar-equatorial ratio. Results showed variation in all characteristics studied. Five species had pantocolpate pollen while five had spiroaperturate pollen. Pollen size ranged from 29-35 μm to 60-65 μm. Ornamentation included psilate-regulate and foveolate-fossulate. This pollen morphological data provides useful information for taxonomic identification of
Abstract— There is a strong desire amongst people to have colour in the shady areas of their landscapes. But shade-loving plants generally are not richly or brightly coloured. Ornamental coleus is an inconspicuous flower bearing ornamental plants which can act as a colorful option for shady landscape. Ornamental coleus is a promising ornamental foliage plant which provides a bold texture and a thick density for shady landscape. With this background, collection, conservation and evaluation of different ornamental coleus types / varieties carried out at ICAR-Central Coastal Agricultural Research Institute, Goa. Twenty four different types / varieties of ornamental coleus have been collected, maintained and evaluated for their suitability for landscape use. Significant differences were observed among different coleus types / varieties for various morphological and quality parameters. Plant height , number of leaves, number of branches, Stem girth, Length of leaf with petiole, Petiole length, leaf width, Length of leaf without petiole varied from 42.00 cm (Juicy Lucy) -89.67 cm (Eruption), 24.89 (Gay Delight) -72.00 (Trailing Queen), 3.00 (Mahogany Giant) -8.67 (Eruption), 0.563 cm (Blusher) - 0.817 cm (Eruption), 11.03 cm (Tilt a Whirl) - 18.83cm (Grape expectations), 2.07 cm (Pistachio Nightmare) - 6.00 cm (Eruption), 5.50 cm(Trailing Queen)-10.83 cm(Grape expectations), 8.33cm(Tilt a Whirl) - 14.78 cm (Grape expectations) respectively. Different ornamental coleus used in the present study exhibited an incredible range of diversity for various traits and it could be recommended to function for various purposes in landscaping like beds, borders, hedges, planters, hanging baskets, vertical gardens or containers.
Similar to STUDY ON THE VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION OF SEVEN SEDUM L. SPECIES CULTIVATED OUTDOORS (20)
Climate Change All over the World .pptxsairaanwer024
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.tiwarimanvi3129
This presentation is for us to know that how our Environment need Attention for protection of our natural resources which are depleted day by day that's why we need to take time and shift our attention to renewable energy sources instead of non-renewable sources which are better and Eco-friendly for our environment. these renewable energy sources are so helpful for our planet and for every living organism which depends on environment.
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...Open Access Research Paper
Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.EpconLP
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
Recycling and Disposal on SWM Raymond Einyu pptxRayLetai1
Increasing urbanization, rural–urban migration, rising standards of living, and rapid development associated with population growth have resulted in increased solid waste generation by industrial, domestic and other activities in Nairobi City. It has been noted in other contexts too that increasing population, changing consumption patterns, economic development, changing income, urbanization and industrialization all contribute to the increased generation of waste.
With the increasing urban population in Kenya, which is estimated to be growing at a rate higher than that of the country’s general population, waste generation and management is already a major challenge. The industrialization and urbanization process in the country, dominated by one major city – Nairobi, which has around four times the population of the next largest urban centre (Mombasa) – has witnessed an exponential increase in the generation of solid waste. It is projected that by 2030, about 50 per cent of the Kenyan population will be urban.
Aim:
A healthy, safe, secure and sustainable solid waste management system fit for a world – class city.
Improve and protect the public health of Nairobi residents and visitors.
Ecological health, diversity and productivity and maximize resource recovery through the participatory approach.
Goals:
Build awareness and capacity for source separation as essential components of sustainable waste management.
Build new environmentally sound infrastructure and systems for safe disposal of residual waste and replacing current dumpsites which should be commissioned.
Current solid waste management situation:
The status.
Solid waste generation rate is at 2240 tones / day
collection efficiently is at about 50%.
Actors i.e. city authorities, CBO’s , private firms and self-disposal
Current SWM Situation in Nairobi City:
Solid waste generation – collection – dumping
Good Practices:
• Separation – recycling – marketing.
• Open dumpsite dandora dump site through public education on source separation of waste, of which the situation can be reversed.
• Nairobi is one of the C40 cities in this respect , various actors in the solid waste management space have adopted a variety of technologies to reduce short lived climate pollutants including source separation , recycling , marketing of the recycled products.
• Through the network, it should expect to benefit from expertise of the different actors in the network in terms of applicable technologies and practices in reducing the short-lived climate pollutants.
Good practices:
Despite the dismal collection of solid waste in Nairobi city, there are practices and activities of informal actors (CBOs, CBO-SACCOs and yard shop operators) and other formal industrial actors on solid waste collection, recycling and waste reduction.
Practices and activities of these actor groups are viewed as innovations with the potential to change the way solid waste is handled.
CHALLENGES:
• Resource Allocation.
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...Joshua Orris
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...Joshua Orris
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...
STUDY ON THE VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION OF SEVEN SEDUM L. SPECIES CULTIVATED OUTDOORS
1. 447
STUDY ON THE VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION
OF SEVEN SEDUM L. SPECIES CULTIVATED OUTDOORS
Manuela MANDA1
, Carmen NICU1
, Diana VÂȘCĂ-ZAMFIR2
1
University of Craiova, Faculty of Horticulture, 13 A.I. Cuza St., Craiova, Dolj, Romania
2
University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest,
59 Marasti Blvd., District 1, Bucharest, Romania
Corresponding author email: alexa25nicu@yahoo.com
Abstract
In our study, in vivo propagation experiments of seven Sedum L. species were carried out to evaluate the effects of two
factors (species, rooting substrate) on rooting of cuttings and plant acclimatisation. The biological material used was
represented by cuttings of shoots belonging to 7 species of Sedum (Sedum aizoon, Sedum kamtschaticum, Sedum
pallidum, Sedum spurium, Sedum rupestre, Sedum spectabile, Sedum sieboldii). Analysing the collected data, we found
that, depending on the species, the rooted substrates influence in different ways the rooting process and the subsequent
evolution of the plants.
Key words: rooting medium, Sedum, species, vegetative propagation
INTRODUCTION
Succulent plants are increasingly popular
among plant collectors, home gardeners and
professional landscapes for colorful leaves,
sculptural shapes, simple care etc (Patel et al.,
2016).
The Sedum genus is part of the Crassulaceae
family of about 1,400 species grouped in 33
genera. Most species belonging to the Sedum
genus originate in mountain regions of the
subtropical and temperate zones in Europe,
Central and Eastern Asia and North America.
The species of the Sedum genus are rustic
succulent plants with persistent leaves that have
moderate, upright or revolving growth (Anton,
2009; Cullen and al., 2011).
There are also species that do not bear well the
cold. These are grown in greenhouses or there
are used as indoor decorative plants.
Their color changes dramatically with the
seasons - in summer their flowers come in
vibrant shades of pink and yellow, while in fall
they are rich and earthy and in harshest
climates, this tenacious plant continues to
delight through the winter months as its
flowerheads turn copper, then bronze (Horvath,
2014).
The sedum plants are grown outdoor in sunny
areas, being used for decorating rocky gardens,
curb-stones, contour lines and mosaics, or
terraces and balconies (Jie et al., 2011).
Grown and globally distributed in all habitat
types, sedums are used for more than just
aesthetic purposes; they are also cultivated for
their environmental benefits. More studies have
been conducted investigating the use of the
Sedum species for green-roofing systems (S.
acre, S. oryzifolium, S. kamtschaticum, S.
reflexum, S. rupestre, and S. spurium) in
extreme conditions, highlighting their tolerance
to cold and drought (Kim, 2010; Van Woert et
al., 2005; Fazhi & Xiaomei, 2009). These green
roofing systems aim to provide vegetation with
added environmental benefits in an urban
environment by enriching biodiversity using
efficient and high-surviving plants (Li and
Yeung, 2014).
These ornamental plants may be propagated in
various ways, both sexually, via seeds, and
vegetatively, through a number of methods,
such as stem cuttings, leaf cuttings, and
micropropagation (Jie L. et al., 2011).
Appropriate propagation techniques are
important to increase production rates and plant
quality in the shortest time possible (Cabahug
et al., 2018; Clark & Zheng, 2014). Some
literature works have been made for this
purpose, but most refer to succulent plants in
general, and existing examples aimed
Scientific Papers. Series B, Horticulture. Vol. LXIII, No. 1, 2019
Print ISSN 2285-5653, CD-ROM ISSN 2285-5661, Online ISSN 2286-1580, ISSN-L 2285-5653
2. 448
especially family, genus rather than a particular
species (Cristescu et al., 2011).
In our study, in vivo propagation experiments
of seven Sedum L. species were carried out to
evaluate the effects of two factors (species,
rooting substrate) on rooting of cuttings, and
subsequent evolution of the plants.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The experiment was established at the
Floriculture Research Area, Faculty of
Horticulture from Craiova (România), during
the years 2016-2017.
The biological material used was represented
by cuttings of shoots belonging to seven
species of Sedum (Sedum aizoon L., Sedum
kamtschaticum Fisher, Sedum pallidum Bieb.,
Sedum spurium L., Sedum rupestre L., Sedum
spectabile Boreau, Sedum sieboldii Sweet ex
Hook.), which were considered as
representatives sedums for outdoor growing in
our country.
The cuttings were harvested from plants
existing in the didactic field of the Floriculture
discipline in April 2016. Length of the
unrooted cuttings ranged from 3 to 5 cm but
were uniform in size within species. Cuttings
were stored overnight at 8 °C and propagated
the next day on the greenhouse platforms.
Ambient temperatures ranged from 20◦C–22◦C
and relative humidity from 60%–80%.
In order to study the influence of the substrate
on the rooting capacity of the cuttings, 15
cuttings of the seven Sedum species and three
variants of the substrate were used: perlite (P),
peat + pearlite (P + P) in a ratio of 1:1, sand
(S), resulting 21 experimental variants. The
experiment was laid out in a completely
randomized design with three replications with
five plants per replication. There was a total of
forty-five plants per species.
The observations on the average number of
roots, average length of roots, average height of
the plants, leaves size, were recorded 45 days
after the experiment was established. The
evolution of the plants, after planting the rooted
cuttings in pots, was determined by measuring
the height at two moments (14, 45 days). We
also determined the rooting percentage of the
cuttings and the survival percentage of the plant
one year after the experiment was established.
The data were submitted to variance analysis
and the averages compared by Tukey test at 5%
error probability (p <0.05) in MINITAB 16
software.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Because of the high market demand for
succulents, the need to use appropriate
propagation techniques for particular genus
or species is deemed necessary (Cabahug et
al., 2018). The success of propagating
succulents is unpredictable, and the choice of
substrate is one of the factors that decides on
final effect of ornamental sedums cultivation,
influencing the environment in which the root
system is developing (Jackson et al., 2005).
The behaviour of the sedum cuttings in the
rooting process was observed depending on the
used substrate between the 2016 and 2017
period. The data collected shows that the
percentage of the rooting of cuttings recorded
maximum values (100%) in all the Sedum
species analysed in all the tested substrates.
The average number of roots recorded
maximum values in peat + pearlite substrate in
S. spurium (65,4 roots), S. spectabile (43,4
roots) and S. sieboldii (40,3 roots). In the
perlite substrate, the highest values correspond
to the species S. aizoon (121,3 roots) and S.
pallidum (58,9 roots), and in the sand substrate
they correspond to S. kamtschiaticum species
(83,9 roots) and S. rupestre (67,3 roots).
Analysing the average value obtained from
each substrate, the lowest number of roots was
recorded in the P + P substrate (57,6 roots) and
the highest number of roots corresponds to the
perlite substrate (60,3 roots) (Table 1).
Analysing the influence of the substrate on the
average length of the roots, it was found that
the 7 Sedum species reacted differently from
this point of view. In the P substrate, the
highest values correspond to the S. aizoon
cuttings. The highest values of root lengths in
P+P substrate were recorded in S. pallidum and
Sedum spectabile. In the case of the S substrate,
the average root length had maximum values
for S. kamtschaticum, S. spurium, S. rupestre
and S. sieboldii.
The average values obtained on each substrate
indicate that the best results on the root sizes
3. 449
were obtained in the S and P substrates and the
lowest in the P + P substrate (Table 2).
Regarding the average height of the plants after
two weeks from the beginning of the
experiment (22.04.2017), the highest values
were obtained in the P + P substrate for most
species: S. aizoon (7,0 cm), S. kamtschaticum
(6,1 cm), S. spurium (5.98 cm), S. pallidum
(5,7 cm) and S. rupestre (7,3 cm). The
exceptions were S. spectabile and S. sieboldii
which recorded higher values of the average
height of plants rooted in sand. The lowest
values of this parameter correspond to the
perlite substrate for all the analysed species.
Analysing the average plant height after two
and a half months since the experiment was
established (02.07.2016), there are significant
differences depending on the substrate. The
highest values correspond to the P + P substrate
for most species: S. aizoon (21,0 cm), S.
kamtschaticum (38,9 cm), S. spurium (30.3
cm), S. pallidum (33,9 cm), S. rupestre (39.0
cm), Sedum spectabile (19,2 cm) with the
exception of the S. sieboldii species which
recorded the highest values in the sand (9,18
cm). The lowest values were recorded in the
perlite substrate: S. aizoon (21,0 cm), S.
spurium (30,3 cm), S. pallidum (33,9 cm), S.
rupestre (39,0 cm), S. spectabile (19,3 cm), S.
sieboldii (Table 3; Figure 1).
Two types of sedum are known in terms of the
appearance of leaves, i.e. with cylindrical
leaves and with flat leaves. As a result, the
average width of the leaves varies within the
range of 0,1 cm in S. pallidum and 2,93-3,53
cm in S. spectabile.
Regarding the average length of leaves varies
within the range of 1,3-1,7 cm in S. pallidum
and 5,1-5,6 cm in S. spectabile. Depending on
the substrate used for rooting the cuttings, the
highest values were obtained in the P + P
substrate in the S. spectabile, S. pallidum and S.
sieboldii species. For S. aizoon, S. spurium and
S. kamtschaticum, the highest values of the
average leaf length correspond to the rooted
cuttings in sand and for S. rupestre the highest
value corresponds to the cuttings rooted in
perlite (Figure 2).
The influence of the substrate on the rooting
percentage of the cuttings was observed in four
of the seven Sedum species; the other species
recorded 100% rooting percentage of the
cuttings (S. aizoon, S. kamtschaticum S.
sieboldii).
S. spurium and S. rupestre recorded the best
results in this respect in the perlite substrate
(100%), and 60% rooting percentage for both
species was recorded in the other two
substrates. S. pallidum recorded the best results
of the rooting percentage of the cuttings in P
and P+P substrates (80%), and 60% in the S
substrate. S. spectabile obtained the best results
in this respect in the sand and peat + perlite
substrates (100%) and 80% in the perlite
substrate.
After analysing the survival percentage of the
plant one year after the experiment was
established, it was observed that the cuttings in
the perlite substrate obtained the best results for
most of the analysed species, the values
ranging between 48% (Sedum pallidum) and
100% (S. aizoon, S. kamtschaticum, S. spurium,
S. rupestre) (table 4). The survival rate was
100% in the cuttings of Sedum aizoon, S.
kamtschaticum and S. rupestre rooted in the
P+P mixture. Only S. kamtschaticum recorded
the 100% survival rate for the cuttings from all
the three substrates.
The lowest survival percentages correspond to
the sand substrate for S. aizoon, S. spurium and
S. rupestre species, and the lowest values for S.
spectabile and S. pallidum were obtained in the
peat + perlite substrate.
It is worth mentioning that the S. Sieboldii
cuttings rooted in the S and P+P substrates did
not survive the cold winter temperatures, and
the cuttings rooted in the perlite substrate
survived in a proportion of 80%. The best
results in this regard correspond to the species
S. kamtschaticum whose survival rate was
100% for all the analysed variants (Table 4).
4. 450
Table 1. Effect of the rooting substrates on the number of roots (cm)
Treatments Sedum
aizoon
Sedum
kamtschiaticum
Sedum
pallidum
Sedum
spurium
Sedum
rupestre
Sedum
spectabile
Sedum
sieboldii
Mean
P 121,3a 52,3c 58,9a 56,2a 58ab 40,1a 35,2a 60,3
P+P 102,2b 70,5b 31,2b 65,4a 50,4b 43,4a 40,3a 57,6
S 86,7c 83,9a 52a 41b 67,3a 42,2a 37,4a 58,7
Means comparison were done using Tukey’s test (p<0,05). For each variable lowercase letters indicate comparison
among treatments and uppercase ones comparison among species.
Table 2. Effect of the rooting media on the average length of the roots (cm)
Treatments Sedum
aizoon
Sedum
kamtschiaticum
Sedum
pallidum
Sedum
spurium
Sedum
rupestre
Sedum
spectabile
Sedum
sieboldii
Mean
P 22,9a 15,63a 5,67a 6,03ab 4,93ab 6,8a 4,06a 9,43
P+P 14,97b 9,93a 8a 3,73b 4b 8,17a 4a 7,54
S 18,87ab 18,07a 6,83a 7,37a 7,5a 6,53a 5,1a 10,04
Means comparison were done using Tukey’s test (p<0,05). For each variable lowercase letters indicate comparison
among treatments and uppercase ones comparison among species.
Table 3. Effect of the rooting medium on the mean height of plants (cm) at the end of experiment
Treatments Sedum
aizoon
Sedum
kamtschiaticum
Sedum
pallidum
Sedum
spurium
Sedum
rupestre
Sedum
spectabile
Sedum
sieboldii
Mean
P 12,82a 21,52b 17,78b 17,94b 24,28b 15,6a 7,44a 16,71
P+P 21,02a 38,9a 30,32a 33,86a 39,02a 19,22a 8,88a 27,32
S 14,66a 21,26b 25,22ab 32,28a 33,04a 15,76a 9,18a 21,63
Means comparison were done using Tukey’s test (p<0,05). For each variable lowercase letters indicate comparison
among treatments and uppercase ones comparison among species.
Table 4. The influence of the substrate on the rooting percentage of the Sedum cuttings (22.07.2016) and the survival
percentage of the plant one year after the experiment was established (31.03.2017)
Species the rooting percentage after planting the survival percentage
P P+P S P P+P S
Sedum aizoon 100 100 100 100 100 80
Sedum kamtschiaticum 100 100 100 100 100 100
Sedum pallidum 80 80 60 48 32 36
Sedum spurium 100 60 60 100 36 24
Sedum rupestre 100 60 60 100 100 48
Sedum spectabile 80 100 100 80 40 60
Sedum sieboldii 100 100 100 80 - -
5. 451
Figure 1 The average height of plants (cm) depending on the substrate type
Figure 2 The average size of the leaves (cm) depending on the substrate type
CONCLUSIONS
The result shows that the highest number of
roots corresponds to the perlite substrate and
the lowest number of roots was recorded in the
P + P substrate. The average values obtained on
each substrate indicate that the best results on
the root sizes were obtained in the P and S
substrates and the lowest in the P + P substrate.
Depending on the substrate, there were
significant differences in the vegetative growth
of the plants, and the substrate with the highest
values was P + P for all species. The lowest
values were recorded in the P substrate.
Analyzing the plant survival percentage one
year after the establishment of the experiment,
the best results were obtained at the cuttings in
the P substrate for all the analyzed species, with
values ranging from 48% to 100%.
It is worth mentioning that the S. sieboldii
cuttings rooted in the sand and peat + perlite
substrates did not survive the cold winter
temperatures, and the cuttings rooted in the
perlite substrate survived in a proportion of
80%. The best results in this regard correspond
to the species S. kamtschaticum whose survival
rate was 100% for all the analyzed variants.
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
P P+P S P P+P S P P+P S P P+P S P P+P S P P+P S P P+P S
Sedum aizoon Sedum
kamtschiaticum
Sedum spurium Sedum pallidum Sedum rupestre Sedum spectabile Sedum
sieboldii
height of plants (22.04.2016)
height of plants (02.07.2016)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
P T+P N P T+P N P T+P N P T+P N P T+P N P T+P N P T+P N
Sedum aizoon Sedum
kamtschiaticum
Sedum spurium Sedum pallidum Sedum rupestre Sedum spectabile Sedum
sieboldii
width of leaves (cm) length of leaves (cm)
6. 452
REFERENCES
Anton, D., Nicu C., Manda M. (2006). Floricultură
specială - vol. II, Editura Universitaria, Craiova.
Cabahug, R. A. M., Nam, S. Y., Lim, K. B., Jeon, J. K.,
Hwang, Y. J. (2018). Propagation Techniques for
Ornamental Succulents. Flower Res. J., 26(3), 90-
101.
Clark M. J., Zheng, Y. (2014). Effect of fertilizer rate on
plant growth and leachate nutrient content during
production of sedum-vegetated green roof
modules. HortScience, 49(6), 819-826.
Cristescu M., Doina, A., Carmen, N., Manuela, M.
(2011). Research on the influence of the sampling
periods on the propagation to cuttings at some
succulent plants. Journal of Horticulture, Forestry
and Biotechnology, 15(1). 109-114.
Cullen, J., Knees, S. G., Cubey, H. S., Shaw, J. M. H.
(2011). The European garden flora flowering plants:
a manual for the identification of plants cultivated in
Europe, both out-of-doors and under glass (Vol. 1).
Cambridge University Press.
Fazhi, Y., Xiaomei, J. (2009). Research on Introduction
and Cutting Propagation of Several Sedum L. Plants
[J]. Hubei Forestry Science and Technology. 2.
Horvath, B. (2014). The Plant Lover's Guide to Sedums,
Timber Press, Portland, OR. 204-206.
Jackson, B.E., Wright, A.N., Sibley, J.L., Kemble, J.M.
(2005). Root growth of three horticultural crops
grown in pine bark amended cotton gin compost. J.
Environ. Hort., 23(3). 133–137.
Jie, L., Li, P., Xilu ,N., Xiaodong, S. (2011).
Comprehensive evaluation of five landscape plants in
Sedum on drought resistance. Chinese Agricultural
Science Bulletin, 27(4), 108-114.
Kim, I., Huh, K., Huh, M. (2010). Cold tolerance
assessment of Sedum species for shallow-extensive
green roof system. Korean Journal of Horticultural
Science & Technology, 28(1), 22-30.
Li, W.C., Yeung, K. (2014). A comprehensive study of
green roof performance from environmental
perspective. International Journal of Sustainable
Built Environment 3. 127-134.
Patel, R.M, Qureshimatva, U.M., Maurya, R.R. Solanki,
H.A. (2016). A checklist of succulent plants of
Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India. Tropical Plant Research
3(3), 686–693
Van Woert, N.D., Rowe, D.B., Andresen, J.A., Rugh,
C.L., Xiao, L. (2005). Watering regime and green
roof substrate design affect Sedum plant growth,
HortScience 40. 659–664.