I have studied the music streaming data from Spotify to study the impact of COVID-19 on the music consumption of Singapore and Hongkong. The data were scrapped from Spotifycharts and the whole data analysis was conducted using R-Studio. The data analysis showed that the music consumption in Singapore declined significantly when restrictive measures were imposed for tackling the COVID-19 crisis. But there was a no or less change in the music consumption behavior in Hongkong as no lockdown measures were imposed. The source code and the data files can be accessed through this link: https://github.com/PlatoKhisa/Project_20047728

1. PLATO KHISA
Impact ofCovid-19on
musicconsumption: A
comparative analysis
betweenhongkong and
singapore

2. 01
INtRoduction
Background of the study
Aims and objectives of the study
02
Literature
Review
A brief discussion about
previous studies
03
DATA AndeDA
Source of data
Intro to the variables
Exploratory analysis
04Empirical
analysis
Main Findings
Discussion
Contents ofthe
presentation
05
Conclusion
Scope for further studies

3. 01.
INtroduction
BACKGROUNDOFTHESTUDY
• COVID-19CHANGEDhowconsumersconsume
entertainmentplatforms.
• Therewasasurgeindigital
entertainment.TheStreaminggrewby12%
inyear2020afterthepandemic
• However,Videostreamingservice
providersthrivedsubstantially

4. Backgroundof thestudy
• Audio streaming services EXPERIENCED DECLINE Because The music
friendly activitieswere disrupted duetorestrictions
• Sim et al (2021) suggested that almost 29% of the music consumption
place in the car and 54% of comsumers listened to music while
commuting
• So, countries which had impose restrictions on travelling
experienced decline in music consumption. Empirical Studies by
timothy et al (2020) showed similar results where six European
countries had experienced decline in music consumption after they
were hitbycovid-19

5. Backgroundof thestudy
• HongkongandSingaporefaced different realities inthebeginningof
thepandemic.Inthegivenstudy period (june 2018-May2020),the
hongkonggovernmenthadnotimposed anylockdownmeasures. But
Singapore imposed itsfirst lockdown knownasthecircuitbreaker
from7april,2020.
• Considering simetal(2021)study, themusicconsumptioninhongkong
shouldhavebeenless impactedduetocovid-19becausethecountry
suffered less restrictions duetocovid-19inthegivenstudy period

6. Backgroundof thestudy
• Thisstudyutilizesthemusic streamingdatafromspotifyfromjune2018
tomay2020inSingaporeand hongkong
• The goal is to understand how the music consumption behavior of the
peopleinhongkongandSingapore reacted tothe riseofcovid-19

7. Toassessiftherewereanydifferencesbetweenthesetwo
countriesintermsofmusicconsumptionduringthepandemic
TOANALYZEHOWSTREAMINGDEMANDINSINGAPOREANDHONGKONG
REACTEDTOTHEEMERGENCEOFCOVID-19
Aimandobjectivesofthestudy
Tofindthefactorswhichcontributedtothemusicconsumptionin
bothHongkongandSingapore

8. Dataand
Exploratory
analysis

9. Mainoutcome
variable:
weekly total
streaming
• ThesamplesaredrawnfromJune
2018 toMay2020 for104 weeks
• Top200weekly songsfor104weeks
weredownloaded from
spotifycharts.com
• Dataweredownloaded usingweb
scrappingmethodwhichinvolved
readingtheHTMLnodesin rstudio

10. TheaveragenumberoftotalweeklystreaminginSingaporeand
hongkongwere16millionand6 million
Mainoutcomevariable: weeklytotalstreaming
Numberoftotalweekly streamingweretransformedintostandardized
streamingToreduceofthescaleofnumberofstreams.
Theformulausedtocalculatestandardstreaming:
𝑺𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒂𝒓𝒅𝒊𝒛𝒆𝒅 𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒊𝒏 𝒑𝒄(%) =
𝑾𝒆𝒆𝒌𝒍𝒚 𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒈
𝑨𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒈𝒆 𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒈
× 𝟏𝟎𝟎

11. Other variables
• Lockdownandrestrictionaretwo
binaryvariables.informationwere
collectedfromOT&Pand
governmentSingapore
• Covidstatisticsvariableinclude
thenumberofcases,deaths by
covidin thestudyperiod.Thesedata
weretakenfromthestudydoneby
Hannahetal(2020)
• Google mobilityreportdatawas
usedtoaccountforthechangeof
mobility indifferentplacesatthe
timeofcovid(gogglellc,2020)

12. Streamingtrendandcovidstatisticsin hongkong andSingapore
Thischartshows thetrendofweekly
streamingfromJune2018.thegreenline
representSingapore.Wecanseeahuge
declineinmusicconsumptionafterthe
covid-19outbreakwhichisindicatedbythe
blackverticalline
The graph below shows the surge in covid-19
cases in Singapore (green line) almost at
the same time when the music streaming
startedto decline.

13. Empiricalanalysis
• Comparingthe averageof
standardizedstreamsinhongkong
andSingaporeaftercovid-19
• Musicconsumptionwiththechange
ofmobility

14. Comparingtheaverageofstandardizedstreamsinhongkong
andSingaporeaftercovid-19
𝒔𝒅𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒎𝒔𝒊𝒕 = 𝜶𝒊𝒕 + 𝜷𝟏. 𝑪𝒐𝒖𝒏𝒕𝒓𝒚𝒅𝒖𝒎𝒎𝒚𝒊 + 𝜷𝟐. 𝑨𝒇𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒅𝒖𝒎𝒎𝒚𝒕 + 𝜷𝟑. 𝑪𝒐𝒖𝒏𝒕𝒓𝒚𝒅𝒖𝒎𝒎𝒚𝒊. 𝑨𝒇𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒅𝒖𝒎𝒎𝒚𝒕+ ∈𝒊𝒕
Theeconometricmodel tocomparethemeanaverage:
𝒔𝒅𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒎𝒔𝒊𝒕=standardizedstreamingin country 𝒊inweek𝒕
𝜶𝒊𝒕=Averagestandardizedstreaminginbothcountries
𝜷𝟏=Captureshow averagestreaminginSingaporedeviatesfrom
hongkong
𝜷𝟐=Capturesdeviation ofaveragestreamingaftercovid-19
𝜷𝟑=Capturesdeviation ofaveragestreamingin sgaftercovid-19

15. • Comparingthemeanaverageofstandardizedstreamsin
hongkongandSingaporeaftercovid-19
Dependent variable=sdstreams
Intercept 99.19***
(0.987)
---
CountryDummy 2.42 .
(1.395)
2.42 ***
(0.653)
AfterDummy 6.36 *
(2.905)
Absorbed
CountryDummy x
AfterDummy
-18.4690***
(4.109)
-18.4690***
(5.815)
Adjusted 𝑅2
0.0848 0.5861
Weeklyeffects No Yes
Clustered errors No Yes (weekly)
Theresultsfromtheeconometric
model

16. Comparingtheaverageofstandardizedstreamsinhongkong
andSingaporeaftercovid-19
𝒔𝒅𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒎𝒔𝒊𝒕 = 𝜶𝒊𝒕 + 𝜷𝟏. 𝑪𝒐𝒖𝒏𝒕𝒓𝒚𝒅𝒖𝒎𝒎𝒚𝒊 + 𝜷𝟐. 𝑨𝒇𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒅𝒖𝒎𝒎𝒚𝒕 +
𝜷𝟑. 𝑪𝒐𝒖𝒏𝒕𝒓𝒚𝒅𝒖𝒎𝒎𝒚𝒊. 𝑨𝒇𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒅𝒖𝒎𝒎𝒚𝒕+ 𝜷𝟒. 𝑳𝒐𝒄𝒌𝒅𝒐𝒘𝒏𝒊𝒕+ 𝜷𝟓. 𝑹𝒆𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒊𝒕+∈𝑖𝑡
heeconometricmodel tocomparethemeanaverage:
𝜷𝟒= capturesthedeviationofmeanaverageofstandardizedstreamingduringtheweeks
whenlockdownwasimposed
𝜷𝟓=capturesthedeviationofmeanaverageofstandardizedstreamingduringtheweeks
havinganyrestriction

17. • Comparingthemeanaverageofstandardizedstreamsin
hongkongandSingaporeaftercovid-19
Theresultsfromtheeconometric
modelincluding lockdown and
restrictionascontrolvariables
Dependentvariable=sdstreams
CountryDummy 1.953 (**)
(0.6615)
2.518 (.)
(1.361)
AfterDummy Absorbed 4.970
(4.394)
Lockdown -25.192 (***)
(6.0115)
-27.354 (***)
(6.528)
Restriction -7.173 (***)
(1.1517)
1.4883
(3.6304)
CountryDummyx
AfterDummy
-0.303
(1.3973)
2.1968
(6.4053)
Weeklyeffects Yes No
Clusterederrors Yes(weekly) No

18. Musicconsumptionwithchangeofmobility
• Retail/Recreation,
Transitstationsand
workplacesshows
positiverelationship
withmusicconsumption
• Resultsresonates
findings formsim et
al(2021)
• Noevidencewith
residential

19. Further scopes of
studies
• Futurestudies should include
economicindicatorsand
psychologicalindicatorstogether
tofindmoreinsights
• The musicconsumptioninhongkong
afterthe firstlockdown

20. Conclusion
• Musicconsumptioninhongkong
remainedunchangedduetono
lockdownmeasures
• Musicconsumptionisdirectly
affiliatedwith timespentin
outdooractivities