Student Usability in Educational Software and Games: Improving Experiences

1.
6WXGHQW 8VDELOLW LQ (GXFDWLRQDO6RIWZDUH DQG *DPHV ,PSURYLQJ ([SHULHQFHV DULQD *RQ]DOH] 8QLYHUVLW RI /D /DJXQD 6SDLQ

2.
0DQDJLQJ 'LUHFWRU /LQGVD -RKQVWRQ (GLWRULDO 'LUHFWRU -RHO *DPRQ %RRN 3URGXFWLRQ 0DQDJHU -HQQLIHU 5RPDQFKDN 3XEOLVKLQJ 6VWHPV $QDOVW $GULHQQH )UHHODQG 'HYHORSPHQW (GLWRU +DQQDK $EHOEHFN $VVLVWDQW $FTXLVLWLRQV (GLWRU .DOD :ROIH 7SHVHWWHU +HQU 8OULFK RYHU 'HVLJQ 1LFN 1HZFRPHU 3XEOLVKHG LQ WKH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV RI $PHULFD E ,QIRUPDWLRQ 6FLHQFH 5HIHUHQFH DQ LPSULQW RI ,*, *OREDO

3.
( KRFRODWH $YHQXH +HUVKH 3$ 7HO )D[ (PDLO FXVW#LJLJOREDOFRP :HE VLWH KWWSZZZLJLJOREDOFRP RSULJKW ‹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³7KLV ERRN H[SORUHV QHZ PRGHOV RI LQWHUDFWLRQ DQG KXPDQFRPSXWHU LQWHUDFWLRQ SDUDGLJPV DV DSSOLHG WR OHDUQ LQJ HQYLURQPHQWV´3URYLGHG E SXEOLVKHU ,6%1 KDUGFRYHU

4.
,6%1 HERRN

5.
,6%1 SULQWSHUSHWXDO DFFHVV

6.
(GXFDWLRQRPSXWHU QHWZRUN UHVRXUFHV 7HDFKLQJRPSXWHU QHWZRUN UHVRXUFHV (GXFDWLRQ6RIWZDUH (GXFDWLRQDO JDPHV , *RQ]DOH] DULQD /%6 GF %ULWLVK DWDORJXLQJ LQ 3XEOLFDWLRQ 'DWD $ DWDORJXLQJ LQ 3XEOLFDWLRQ UHFRUG IRU WKLV ERRN LV DYDLODEOH IURP WKH %ULWLVK /LEUDU $OO ZRUN FRQWULEXWHG WR WKLV ERRN LV QHZ SUHYLRXVOXQSXEOLVKHG PDWHULDO 7KH YLHZV H[SUHVVHG LQ WKLV ERRN DUH WKRVH RI WKH DXWKRUV EXW QRW QHFHVVDULO RI WKH SXEOLVKHU

7.
(GLWRULDO $GYLVRU %RDUG ,YRQ$UURR 8QLYHUVLW RI 0DVVDFKXVHWWV 86$ $XURUD 9L]FDLQR %DUFHOy 8QLYHUVLGDG GH DVWLOOD /D 0DQFKD 6SDLQ %HDWUL] %DUURV 8QLYHUVLGDG GH 0iODJD 6SDLQ 0DULDQQH %M|UQ /LQQDHXV 8QLYHUVLW /18

8.
6ZHGHQ 9DQHVD 0XxR] UX]8QLYHUVLGDG GH OD /DJXQD 6SDLQ 3HGUR 7ROHGR 'HOJDGR 8QLYHUVLGDG GH OD /DJXQD 6SDLQ 0XULHO *DUUHWD 8QLYHUVLGDG 2EHUWD GH DWDOXQD 6SDLQ 0DQXHO DVWUR *LO 8QLYHUVLGDG 1DFLRQDO GH (GXFDFLyQ D 'LVWDQFLD 6SDLQ (YHOLR *RQ]iOH] 8QLYHUVLGDG GH OD /DJXQD 6SDLQ 0DUFHOR 0LOUDG /LQQDHXV 8QLYHUVLW /18

9.
6ZHGHQ pVDU $OEHUWR ROOD]RV2UGyxH] 8QLYHUVLGDG GH DXFD RORPELD 0DQXHO 2UWHJD DQWHUR 8QLYHUVLGDG GH DVWLOOD OD 0DQFKD 6SDLQ (QULF 0RU 3HUD 8QLYHUVLGDG 2EHUWD GH DWDOXQD 6SDLQ /RUHQ]R 0RUHQR 5XL] 8QLYHUVLGDG GH OD /DJXQD 6SDLQ ULVWLDQ 5XVR 8QLYHUVLGDG DWyOLFD GH 9DOSDUDLVR KLOH -RVp /XLV *RQ]iOH] 6iQFKH] 8QLYHUVLGDG GH *UDQDGD 6SDLQ -HQQLIHU 9HOD 9DOLGR 8QLYHUVLW RI /DV 3DOPDV GH *UDQ DQDULD 6SDLQ )UDQFLVFR *XWLHUUH] 9HOD 8QLYHUVLGDG GH *UDQDGD 6SDLQ 0DJJLH 0 :DQJ 8QLYHUVLW RI +RQJ .RQJ +RQJ .RQJ DULQH :HEEHU 8QLYHUVLW RI D[LDV GR 6XO %UD]LO 1DWDOLD 3DGLOOD =HD 8QLYHUVLGDG GH *UDQDGD 6SDLQ

10.
7DEOH RI RQWHQWV )RUHZRUG[LY 3UHIDFH [YLL $FNQRZOHGJPHQW [[ 6HFWLRQ 8VDELOLW $FFHVVLELOLW DQG 3ODDELOLW LQ 9LUWXDO /HDUQLQJ (QYLURQPHQWV DQG 6HULRXV *DPHV KDSWHU $Q 2YHUYLHZ RI $FFHVVLELOLW DQG 8VDELOLW RI (GXFDWLRQDO *DPHV 0DULRQ $ +HUVK 8QLYHUVLW RI *ODVJRZ 6FRWODQG %DUEDUD /HSRULQL ,67, ± 15 ,WDO KDSWHU 8VDELOLW RI 2QOLQH 9LUWXDO /HDUQLQJ (QYLURQPHQWV .H ,VVXHV IRU ,QVWUXFWRUV DQG /HDUQHUV ,DQ -RKQ ROH 8QLYHUVLW RI RUN 8. KDSWHU (GXFDWLQJ 8QLYHUVLW 6WXGHQWV DQ 0RELOH 7HFKQRORJLHV +HOS *HUDOGLQH 5DQ 8QLYHUVLW ROOHJH RUN ,UHODQG 1RLULQ 0FDUWK 8QLYHUVLW ROOHJH RUN ,UHODQG 5LFKDUG %UQH 8QLYHUVLW ROOHJH RUN ,UHODQG 5DQUDQ ;LRQJ 8QLYHUVLW ROOHJH RUN ,UHODQG KDSWHU (QULFKLQJ WKH ([SHULHQFH LQ 9LGHR *DPHV %DVHG RQ 3ODDELOLW 'HYHORSPHQW 7HFKQLTXHV -RVp /XLV *RQ]iOH] 6iQFKH] 8QLYHUVLGDG GH *UDQDGD 6SDLQ 5RVD 0DULD *LO ,UDQ]R 8QLYHUVLWDW GH /OHLGD 6SDLQ )UDQFLVFR / *XWLHUUH] 9HOD 8QLYHUVLGDG GH *UDQDGD 6SDLQ

11.
KDSWHU 3ODDELOLW 'HVLJQ3DWWHUQV $Q $SSURDFK WR )DFLOLWDWH WKH 'HVLJQ RI (GXFDWLRQDO 9LGHR *DPHV $PHU ,EUDKLP 8QLYHUVLW RI *UDQDGD 6SDLQ )UDQFLVFR /XLV *XWLpUUH] 9HOD 8QLYHUVLW RI *UDQDGD 6SDLQ 1DWDOLD 3DGLOOD =HD 8QLYHUVLW RI *UDQDGD 6SDLQ -RVp /XLV *RQ]iOH] 6i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p GH 6DYRLH )UDQFH -HDQKDUOHV 0DUW 8QLYHUVLWp GH 6DYRLH )UDQFH 6HFWLRQ ([SHULHQFHV DQG 8VHV RI (GXFDWLRQDO 9LGHRJDPHV LQ 'LIIHUHQW RQWH[WV KDSWHU /DERUDWRU ([SHULPHQWV LQ 6/ $FWLYLWLHV pVDU $ ROOD]RV 8QLYHUVLGDG GHO DXFD RORPELD /XLV $ *XHUUHUR 8QLYHUVLGDG GH RVWD 5LFD RVWD 5LFD -RVH $ 3LQR 8QLYHUVLGDG GH KLOH KLOH )ODYLD 0 6DQWRUR 8QLYHUVLGDG GR 5LR GH -DQHLUR %UD]LO 0DUFRV %RUJHV 8QLYHUVLGDGH )HGHUDO GR 5LR GH -DQHLUR %UD]LO 1HLGH GRV 6DQWRV 8QLYHUVLGDG GR (VWDGR GR 5LR GH -DQHLUR %UD]LO 6HUJLR =DSDWD 8QLYHUVLGDG 1DFLRQDO GH 6DQ -XDQ $UJHQWLQD :LOVRQ 6DUPLHQWR 8QLYHUVLGDG 0LOLWDU 1XHYD *UDQDGD RORPELD

12.
KDSWHU ([SHULHQFHV LQ8VDELOLW (YDOXDWLRQ RI (GXFDWLRQDO 3URJUDPPLQJ 7RROV - ÈQJHO 9HOi]TXH],WXUELGH 8QLYHUVLGDG 5H -XDQ DUORV 6SDLQ $QWRQLR 3pUH]DUUDVFR 8QLYHUVLGDG 5H -XDQ DUORV 6SDLQ 2XDIDH 'HEGL 8QLYHUVLGDG 5H -XDQ DUORV 6SDLQ KDSWHU 8VHU¶V ([SHULHQFH ZLWK D ' (GXFDWLRQDO 0RELOH *DPH WR 6XSSRUW 6SDWLDO ,QVWUXFWLRQ 1RUHQD 0DUWLQ'RUWD 8QLYHUVLGDG GH /D /DJXQD 8//

13.
6SDLQ ,VDEHO 6DQFKH]%HUULHO 8QLYHUVLGDG GH /D /DJXQD 8//

14.
6SDLQ -RVH /XLV 6DRULQ 8QLYHUVLGDG GH /D /DJXQD 8//

15.
6SDLQ 0DQXHO RQWHUR 8QLYHUVLGDG 3ROLWpFQLFD GH 9DOHQFLD 839

16.
6SDLQ KDSWHU 5ROH3ODLQJ *DPHDV D 3HGDJRJLFDO 3URSRVLWLRQ IRU 6WRU RRQVWUXFWLRQ $ %UD]LOLDQ ([SHULHQFH ZLWK 'HDI ,QGLYLGXDOV LQ DQ (GXFDWLRQDO RQWH[W 3ULVFLOD 6WDURVN 6WDWH 8QLYHUVLW RI 5LR GH -DQHLUR %UD]LO 0DULD GDV *UDoDV 'LDV 3HUHLUD 3DSDO 8QLYHUVLW RI 5LR GH -DQHLUR %UD]LO KDSWHU ,QWHJUDWLQJ WKH 3ULQFLSOHV RI '*%/ 6/ DQG 3ODDELOLW LQ WKH 'HVLJQ RI 6RFLDO 9LGHRJDPHV $ DVH 6WXG DULQD 6ROHGDG *RQ]iOH]*RQ]iOH] 8QLYHUVLGDG GH /D /DJXQD 6SDLQ )UDQFLVFR %ODQFR ,]TXLHUGR 8QLYHUVLGDG GH /D /DJXQD 6SDLQ 3HGUR 7ROHGR 'HOJDGR 8QLYHUVLGDG GH /D /DJXQD 6SDLQ KDSWHU %HQH¿WV RI 9LUWXDO :RUOGV LQ (GXFDWLRQDO (QYLURQPHQWV 9LFHQWH *DOLDQR 0LJXHO +HUQDQGH] 8QLYHUVLW 6SDLQ 9LFWRULD +HUUDQ] 0LJXHO +HUQDQGH] 8QLYHUVLW 6SDLQ KDSWHU 6FUDWFK /HDUQLQJ WKH *UDPPDU IRU D 1HZ /DQJXDJH (XUtGLFH DEDxHV $56*$0(6 6SDLQ /XFD DUUXEED $56*$0(6 6SDLQ KDSWHU *$0(67$57

17.
$Q $56*$0(6 3URMHFW 0DUtD 5XELR 0pQGH] $56*$0(6 6SDLQ (XUtGLFH DEDxHV 0DUWtQH] $56*$0(6 6SDLQ RPSLODWLRQ RI 5HIHUHQFHV $ERXW WKH RQWULEXWRUV ,QGH[

18.
'HWDLOHG 7DEOH RIRQWHQWV )RUHZRUG [LY 3UHIDFH [YLL $FNQRZOHGJPHQW [[ 6HFWLRQ 8VDELOLW $FFHVVLELOLW DQG 3ODDELOLW LQ 9LUWXDO /HDUQLQJ (QYLURQPHQWV DQG 6HULRXV *DPHV KDSWHU $Q 2YHUYLHZ RI $FFHVVLELOLW DQG 8VDELOLW RI (GXFDWLRQDO *DPHV 0DULRQ $ +HUVK 8QLYHUVLW RI *ODVJRZ 6FRWODQG %DUEDUD /HSRULQL ,67, ± 15 ,WDO 7KLV FKDSWHU SUHVHQWV DQ RYHUYLHZ RI DFFHVVLELOLW DQG XVDELOLW IRU HGXFDWLRQDO FRPSXWHUEDVHG JDPHV DQG WKH ¿UVW VXUYH RI WKH DFFHVVLELOLW DQG XVDELOLW RI GLJLWDO JDPHV 7KH RYHUYLHZ LQFOXGHV D GLVFXV VLRQ RI DFFHVVLELOLW DQG XVDELOLW ERWK LQ JHQHUDO DQG LQ WKH VSHFL¿F FRQWH[W RI HGXFDWLRQDO JDPHV DV ZHOO DV D EULHI SUHVHQWDWLRQ RI LVVXHV UHODWLQJ WR JDPH GHVLJQ LQFOXGLQJ RI PRELOH JDPHV 6LQFH WKHUH DUH QR SUHYLRXV VWXGLHV RI WKH DFFHVVLELOLW DQG XVDELOLW RI HGXFDWLRQDO FRPSXWHUEDVHG JDPHV VWXGLHV RI WKH DFFHVVLELOLW DQG XVDELOLW RI WKH UHODWHG DUHDV RI YLUWXDO OHDUQLQJ HQYLURQPHQWV GLJLWDO JDPHV IRU HQWHUWDLQPHQW DQG 3') GRFXPHQWV DUH DOVR SUHVHQWHG 7KH RYHUYLHZ RI DFFHVVLELOLW DQG XVDELOLW DQG WKH UHVXOWV RI WKH VXUYH DUH XVHG WR GUDZ XS D VWUXFWXUHG OLVW RI JXLGHOLQHV DQG UHFRPPHQGDWLRQV RUJDQLVHG LQWR WKUHH FDWHJRULHV DW WKH ¿UVW OHYHO DQG WHQ DW WKH VHFRQG OHYHO 7KHVH JXLGHOLQHV DQG UHF RPPHQGDWLRQV DUH LOOXVWUDWHG E DQ H[DPSOH RI WKHLU DSSOLFDWLRQ WR D ¿FWLWLRXV QHZ HGXFDWLRQDO JDPH KDSWHU 8VDELOLW RI 2QOLQH 9LUWXDO /HDUQLQJ (QYLURQPHQWV .H ,VVXHV IRU ,QVWUXFWRUV DQG /HDUQHUV ,DQ -RKQ ROH 8QLYHUVLW RI RUN 8. 7KLV FKDSWHU H[SORUHV NH LVVXHV LQ UHODWLRQ WR WKH KXPDQ FRPSXWHU LQWHUDFWLRQV WKDW DUH VXSSRUWHG WKURXJK 9LUWXDO /HDUQLQJ (QYLURQPHQWV 9/(V

19.
,W IRFXVHV SDUWLFXODUORQ WKH XVDELOLW RI RQOLQH OHDUQLQJ HQYL URQPHQWV DQG KLJKOLJKWV WKH LPSDFW XVDELOLW FDQ KDYH RQ WKH OHDUQLQJ H[SHULHQFHV RI XVHUV 7KH DXWKRUV DGRSW D GH¿QLWLRQ RI XVDELOLW WKDW UHODWHV WR WKH XVDELOLW RI YLUWXDO OHDUQLQJ HQYLURQPHQWV VSHFL¿FDOO DQG SURYLGHV JXLGDQFH RQ KRZ WR DVVHVV WKH XVDELOLW RI 9/(V E RIIHULQJ WKH 0XOWLGLPHQVLRQDO 8V DELOLW 0RGHO 080

20.
7KH 080 PRGHOLV GHVLJQHG WR LGHQWLI WKH IDFWRUV WKDW FDQ IRUP WHFKQRORJLFDO EDUULHUV WR HIIHFWLYH +XPDQ RPSXWHU ,QWHUDFWLRQ +,

21.
7KLV FKDSWHU DOVRRIIHUV DQ HYDOXDWLRQ RI WKH WKHRUHWLFDO IUDPHZRUNV FULWHULD DQG PHWKRGRORJLHV FXUUHQWO DYDLODEOH WKHVH GUDZ RQ UHVHDUFK ¿QGLQJV IURP D FDVH VWXG IRFXVHG RQ WKH XVDELOLW RI DQ H[LVWLQJ 9/( DQG JLYH SUDFWLFDO H[DPSOHV RI WKH 080 DSSURDFK WR XVDELOLW

22.
KDSWHU (GXFDWLQJ 8QLYHUVLW6WXGHQWV DQ 0RELOH 7HFKQRORJLHV +HOS *HUDOGLQH 5DQ 8QLYHUVLW ROOHJH RUN ,UHODQG 1RLULQ 0FDUWK 8QLYHUVLW ROOHJH RUN ,UHODQG 5LFKDUG %UQH 8QLYHUVLW ROOHJH RUN ,UHODQG 5DQUDQ ;LRQJ 8QLYHUVLW ROOHJH RUN ,UHODQG 5HFHQW WHFKQRORJLFDO DGYDQFHV PHDQ PRELOH SKRQHV FDQ QRZ EH WKRXJKW RI DV FRPSXWHUV WKDW ¿W LQ SRFN HWV :LWK WKH $SSOH L3KRQH DQG WKH *RRJOH $QGURLG 3KRQH OHDGLQJ WKH ZD PRELOH SKRQHV WRGD RIIHU PDQ WHFKQRORJLFDO SRVVLELOLWLHV LQFOXGLQJ 606 PHVVDJLQJ EURZVLQJ WKH :RUOG :LGH :HE ZDWFKLQJ DQG PDNLQJ YLGHRV GRZQORDGLQJ DQG SODLQJ HGXFDWLRQDO JDPHV SDUWDNLQJ LQ GLVFXVVLRQ IRUXPV EORJ JLQJ HWF (GXFDWRUV DUH FXUUHQWO ORRNLQJ DW WKH PRELOH SKRQH DQG RWKHU PRELOH WHFKQRORJLHV VXFK DV QHWERRNV 3'$V 1LQWHQGR '6 621 363 PHGLD SODHUV L3RG 7RXFK YRWLQJ VVWHPV DQG VSHFLDOLVW FDPHUDV

23.
DV D ZDRI LPPHUVLQJ WKH VWXGHQW LQ WKH OHDUQLQJ SURFHVV 7KHVH QHZ PHGLXPV DOORZ VWXGHQWV WR UHFRUG RUJDQLVH DFFHVV VKDUH DQG UHÀHFW RQ ZRUNEDVHG OHDUQLQJ H[SHULHQFHV 7KH DLP RI WKLV FKDSWHU LV WR H[DPLQH KRZ XQLYHUVLWLHV FDQ XVH PRELOHOHDUQLQJ WRROV ZLWK D YLHZ WR HQJDJLQJ VWXGHQWV LQ WKH OHDUQLQJ SURFHVV ZKLOH DOVR GHYHORSLQJ WKHLU PHDQLQJPDNLQJ VVWHP KDSWHU (QULFKLQJ WKH ([SHULHQFH LQ 9LGHR *DPHV %DVHG RQ 3ODDELOLW 'HYHORSPHQW 7HFKQLTXHV -RVp /XLV *RQ]iOH] 6iQFKH] 8QLYHUVLGDG GH *UDQDGD 6SDLQ 5RVD 0DULD *LO ,UDQ]R 8QLYHUVLWDW GH /OHLGD 6SDLQ )UDQFLVFR / *XWLHUUH] 9HOD 8QLYHUVLGDG GH *UDQDGD 6SDLQ 9LGHR JDPHV DUH WKH PRVW HFRQRPLFDOO SUR¿WDEOH HQWHUWDLQPHQW LQGXVWU 7KH QDWXUH RI WKHLU GHVLJQ PHDQV WKDW XVHU H[SHULHQFH LV HQULFKHG E HPRWLRQDO FXOWXUDO DQG RWKHU VXEMHFWLYH IDFWRUV WKDW PDNH GHVLJQ DQG RU HYDOXDWLRQ GLI¿FXOW XVLQJ WUDGLWLRQDO PHWKRGV FRPPRQO XVHG LQ LQWHUDFWLYH VVWHPV ,W LV WKHUHIRUH QHFHVVDU WR NQRZ KRZ WR DSSO 3ODDELOLW LQ RUGHU WR GHVLJQ DQDO]H RSWLPL]H DQG DGDSW LW WR D SODHU¶V SUHIHUHQFHV ,Q WKLV FKDSWHU WKH DXWKRUV SUHVHQW D ZD WR SHUIRUP 8; EDVHG RQ 3ODDELOLW WHFKQLTXHV E DGGLQJ KHGRQLF IDFWRUV WKDW HQULFK WKH GHYHORSPHQW RI YLGHR JDPHV 7KH DLP LV WR HDVLO DQG FRVWHIIHFWLYHO DQDO]H WKH GLIIHUHQW GHJUHHV RI 3ODDELOLW ZLWKLQ D JDPH DQG GHWHUPLQH KRZ SODHU H[SHULHQFH LV DIIHFWHG E GLIIHUHQW JDPH HOHPHQWV 7KHVH UHVXOWV FDQ EH DSSOLHG LQ WKH HGXFDWLRQDO ¿HOG ZKHUH WKH H[SHULHQFH RI WKH SXSLOV ZLWK HGXFDWLRQDO YLGHR JDPHV LV D FUXFLDO IDFWRU IRU WKH VXFFHVV RI WKH OHDUQLQJ SURFHVV KDSWHU 3ODDELOLW 'HVLJQ 3DWWHUQV $Q $SSURDFK WR )DFLOLWDWH WKH 'HVLJQ RI (GXFDWLRQDO 9LGHR *DPHV $PHU ,EUDKLP 8QLYHUVLW RI *UDQDGD 6SDLQ )UDQFLVFR /XLV *XWLpUUH] 9HOD 8QLYHUVLW RI *UDQDGD 6SDLQ 1DWDOLD 3DGLOOD =HD 8QLYHUVLW RI *UDQDGD 6SDLQ -RVp /XLV *RQ]iOH] 6iQFKH] 8QLYHUVLW RI *UDQDGD 6SDLQ /HDUQLQJ WKURXJK SOD LV FXUUHQWO DQ HIIHFWLYH DQG DWWUDFWLYH HGXFDWLRQDO VWUDWHJ 5HFHQWO PDQ HGXFD WLRQDO YLGHR JDPHV KDYH IDLOHG EHFDXVH PHWKRGV RI DQDOVLV KDYH QRW EHHQ XVHG WR GLVFXVV SODDELOLW OHYHO LQ D VWUXFWXUHG ZD (QVXULQJ D JRRG SODHU H[SHULHQFH FKDUDFWHUL]HG E SODDELOLW UHTXLUHV FRRSHUDWLRQ DQG FROODERUDWLRQ EHWZHHQ JDPH GHVLJQHUV DQG HGXFDWRUV 7R WKLV HQG WKH DXWKRUV KDYH SURSRVHG D QHZ VHW RI SDWWHUQV WR VXSSRUW HGXFDWLRQDO YLGHR JDPH GHVLJQ DQG DQDOVLV 7KHVH SDWWHUQV DLP WR IDFLOLWDWH WKH GHYHORSPHQW RI HGXFDWLRQDO YLGHR JDPHV VXPPDUL]H WKH HVVHQWLDO LQIRUPDWLRQ DQG UHTXLUHPHQWV QHHGHG WR XQGHUVWDQG D SDUWLFXODU SUREOHP DQG WKH SURSRVHG VROXWLRQ DQG SUHVHQW WKH LQWHUUHODWLRQVKLSV EHWZHHQ HGXFDWLRQDO YLGHR JDPH FRPSRQHQWV DQG SODDELOLW DWWULEXWHV

24.
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¿FLHQW 7R LGHQ WLI WKH LPSRUWDQFH RI DWWUDFWLRQ IRU HGXFDWLRQDO JDPHV WKH DXWKRUV RIIHU WKH UHVXOWV RI D FRPSDUDWLYH DQDOVLV RI ¿YH HGXFDWLRQDO JDPHV XVHG DQG HYDOXDWHG IURP 1

25.
7KH RSHUDWLRQDOL]HG DWWUDFWLRQ WKURXJKVWDWHPHQWV LQ ZKLFK SODHUV ZHUH DVNHG WR UDWH WKH JDPHV¶ YLVXDO JDPHSOD DQG XVHU LQWHUIDFH DWWUDFWLYHQHVV :KLOH VRPH VFKRODUV DUJXH WKDW IRU JDPHEDVHG HGXFDWLRQ WR EHFRPH VXFFHVVIXO HGXFDWLRQDO JDPHV QHHG WR EH YLVXDOO PRUH DWWUDFWLYH WKH UHVXOWV RI WKH DQDOVLV VKRZ WKH RSSRVLWH )RU HGXFDWLRQDO JDPHV DWWUDFWLRQ LV RI UHODWLYHO ORZ LPSRUWDQFH 7KH DXWKRUV IXUWKHU IRXQG WKDW JDPHSOD LV WKH PRVW LPSRUWDQW DVSHFW RI DWWUDFWLRQ DQG YLVXDOV WKH OHDVW 7KHVH UHVXOWV FRQWULEXWH WR WKH GHEDWH DPRQJVW GHVLJQHUV DQG HGXFDWRUV RQ ZKDW SULRULWLHV WR VHW ZKHQ FRQVLGHULQJ JDPHEDVHG HGXFDWLRQ KDSWHU )DFLOLWDWLRQ RI 7UXVW LQ *DPLQJ 6LWXDWLRQV 5REQ +URPHN 7KH 8QLYHUVLW RI 6GQH $XVWUDOLD *DPHV DUH LQKHUHQWO HQJDJLQJ DQG ZKHQ FUDIWHG WR GR VR SURYLGH DQ H[SHULHQWLDO PHGLDWHG OHDUQLQJ VSDFH WKDW LV HIIHFWLYH DQG IXQ 7KLV FKDSWHU H[SORUHV JDPHEDVHG OHDUQLQJ DQG WKH UROH RI WKH IDFLOLWD WRU LQ RSWLPL]LQJ OHDUQLQJ $V UHIHUHHV WKH PDNH VXUH JDPHV SURFHHG LQ D IDLU DQG RUGHUO PDQQHU $V WHDFKHUV WKH ORRN IRU WHDFKDEOH PRPHQWV WR µVFDIIROG¶OHDUQLQJ $V PHQWRUV WKH GHEULHI ZKDW KDSSHQHG WR HQKDQFH OHDUQLQJ DQG HQVXUH SVFKRORJLFDO VDIHW 7KH DXWKRU UHYLHZV WKH OLWHUDWXUH DQG KHU SUDFWLFH DV DQ HGXFDWLRQDO SVFKRORJLVW WR H[DPLQH WKHUDSHXWLF ERDUG JDPHV DQG VRFLRHPRWLRQDO OHDUQLQJ 7KH /LIH6SDFH ,QWHUYLHZ DQG (PRWLRQDO )LUVW $LG DUH SXW IRUZDUG DV HIIHFWLYH GHEULH¿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

26.
FDQ EH XVHGDV PDUNHUV LQ RUGHU WR HYDOXDWH ZKHWKHU RU QRW WKH VVWHP LV DEOH WR IDFLOLWDWH VRFLDO LQWHUDFWLRQV 7KH FKDSWHU GHVFULEHV LQ SDUWLFXODU

27.
WKH IUDPHZRUN IRU WKHFUHDWLRQ RI VRFLDELOLW LQ LQWHUDFWLYH VVWHPV

28.
WZR PHWKRGV IRULWV DSSOLFDWLRQ LQ WKH GHVLJQ SKDVH DQG LQ WKH GHYHORSPHQW SKDVH

29.
WZR H[SHULPHQWV FDUULHGRXW LQ RUGHU WR YDOLGDWH WKH DERYH PHQWLRQHG IUDPHZRUN XVLQJ D VHULRXV JDPH FDOOHG 6FKRRO 6RFLHW DQG

30.
VRPH REVHUYDWLRQV RQWKH IUDPHZRUN DQG WKH UHODWLRQVKLS EHWZHHQ VRFLDO DQG OHDUQLQJ DVSHFWV

31.
KDSWHU (QKDQFHPHQW RI$GDSWDWLRQ DQG 0RQLWRULQJ LQ *DPH%DVHG /HDUQLQJ (QYLURQPHQWV 7KLEDXOW DUURQ 8QLYHUVLWp GH 6DYRLH )UDQFH -HDQKDUOHV 0DUW 8QLYHUVLWp GH 6DYRLH )UDQFH 7KLV FKDSWHU GHDOV ZLWK WKH GHYHORSPHQW RI QHZ OHDUQLQJ HQYLURQPHQWV SDUWLFXODUO WKH GLIIHUHQW DV SHFWV OLQNHG WR XVHUV¶ FROODERUDWLRQ LQ WKHVH HQYLURQPHQWV 7KH DXWKRUV EHOLHYH WKDW JDPHEDVHG OHDUQLQJ FDQ VLJQL¿FDQWO HQKDQFH OHDUQLQJ 7KH HPHUJHQFH RI RQOLQH PXOWLSODHU JDPHV OHG WKHP WR DSSO WKH PHWDSKRU RI H[SORULQJ D YLUWXDO ' ZRUOG ZKHUH HDFK VWXGHQW HPEDUNV RQ D TXHVW LQ RUGHU WR FROOHFW NQRZOHGJH UHODWHG WR D OHDUQLQJ DFWLYLW ,Q WKH HQYLURQPHQW HDFK SDUW RI WKH ZRUOG UHSUHVHQWV D SODFH VRPHWLPHV D FROODERUDWLYH SODFH ZKHUH VWXGHQWV DUH VXSSRVHG WR DFTXLUH D SDUWLFXODU FRQFHSW 7KLV QHZ ZD RI OHDUQLQJ FKDQJHV KDELWV RIIHUV QHZ RSSRUWXQLWLHV WR XVH FROODERUDWLYH WRROV DOORZLQJ WKH VWXGHQWV WR FRFRQVWUXFW NQRZOHGJH HI¿FLHQWO ,Q WKLV FKDSWHU WKH DXWKRUV GHVFULEH DQ H[DPSOH RI JDPHEDVHG HQYLURQPHQW WKDW WKH KDYH GHYHORSHG 7KH WKHQ JLYH H[DPSOHV RI XVHV RI FROODERUDWLYH WRROV LQ WKLV HQYLURQPHQW DQG JLYH GHWDLOV RQ KRZ WR HQKDQFH WKHP 7KH DXWKRUV IRFXV RQ WZR DVSHFWV WKH PRQLWRU LQJ RI WKH FROODERUDWLYH DFWLYLW ZKHUH WKH WHDFKHU DSSOLHV KLVKHU RZQ VWUDWHJLHV LQ RUGHU WR PRQLWRU WKH FROODERUDWLYH DFWLYLW DQG WKH DGDSWDWLRQ RI WKH JDPH DFFRUGLQJ WR WKH OHDUQHUV¶ SUR¿OHV 6HFWLRQ ([SHULHQFHV DQG 8VHV RI (GXFDWLRQDO 9LGHRJDPHV LQ 'LIIHUHQW RQWH[WV KDSWHU /DERUDWRU ([SHULPHQWV LQ 6/ $FWLYLWLHV p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

32.
UHVHDUFK JURXSV LQRUGHU WR WHVW LGHDV DQG FRQFHSWV FXUUHQWO EHLQJ VWXGLHG ,W LV YHU LPSRU WDQW WR SHUIRUP SLORWHYDOXDWLRQV ZLWK WKHVH VVWHPV 7KH 6: /DE LV DQ HQYLURQPHQW IRU HYDOXDWLQJ JURXSZDUH ZLWKLQ UHVHDUFK JURXSV )RXU GLPHQVLRQV LQ DVVHVVLQJ JURXSZDUH ZHUH LGHQWL¿HG FRQWH[W FROODERUDWLRQ XVDELOLW DQG FXOWXUDO LPSDFWV ,Q WKLV FKDSWHU WKH DXWKRUV SUHVHQW D SURSRVDO WR GHWDLO WKH FROODERUDWLRQ OHYHO VSHFL¿FDOO IRU 6/ GRPDLQ DSSOLFDWLRQV 8QGHUVWDQGLQJ DQG DQDO]LQJ WKH FROODERUDWLYH OHDUQLQJ SURFHVV UHTXLUHV D ¿QHJUDLQHG VHTXHQWLDO DQDOVLV RI WKH JURXS LQWHUDFWLRQ LQ WKH FRQWH[W RI OHDUQLQJ JRDOV 6HYHUDO UHVHDUFKHUV LQ WKH DUHD RI FRRSHUDWLYH ZRUN WDNH DV VXFFHVV FULWHULRQ WKH TXDOLW RI WKH JURXS RXWFRPH 1HYHUWKHOHVV UHFHQW ¿QGLQJV DUH JLYLQJ PRUH LPSRUWDQFH WR WKH TXDOLW RI WKH ³FRRSHUDWLRQ SURFHVV´ LWVHOI 7KH SURSRVHG PRGHO LQFOXGHV D VHW RI JXLGHOLQHV WR HYDOXDWH WKH XVDJH RI 6/ WRROV ZLWKLQ D FROODERUDWLRQ SURFHVV GH¿QHG DORQJ ZLWK WKH OHDUQLQJ REMHFWLYHV 7KH DXWKRUV KDYH GH¿QHG DQ H[SHULPHQW ZLWK D VRIWZDUH WRRO LQVWUXPHQWHG WR JDWKHU LQIRUPDWLRQ WKDW DOORZHG WKHP WR YHULI WKH SUHVHQFH RI D VHW RI FRRSHUDWLRQ LQGLFDWRUV ZKLFK LQ WXUQ KHOSHG WR GHWHUPLQH WKH TXDOLW RI WKH ZRUN SURFHVV

33.
KDSWHU ([SHULHQFHV LQ8VDELOLW (YDOXDWLRQ RI (GXFDWLRQDO 3URJUDPPLQJ 7RROV - ÈQJHO 9HOi]TXH],WXUELGH 8QLYHUVLGDG 5H -XDQ DUORV 6SDLQ $QWRQLR 3p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¶V ([SHULHQFH ZLWK D ' (GXFDWLRQDO 0RELOH *DPH WR 6XSSRUW 6SDWLDO ,QVWUXFWLRQ 1RUHQD 0DUWLQ'RUWD 8QLYHUVLGDG GH /D /DJXQD 8//

34.
6SDLQ ,VDEHO 6DQFKH]%HUULHO 8QLYHUVLGDG GH /D /DJXQD 8//

35.
6SDLQ -RVH /XLV 6DRULQ 8QLYHUVLGDG GH /D /DJXQD 8//

36.
6SDLQ 0DQXHO RQWHUR 8QLYHUVLGDG 3ROLWpFQLFD GH 9DOHQFLD 839

37.
6SDLQ 6SDWLDO DELOLWLHV DUHFULWLFDO VNLOOV LQ VFLHQWL¿F DQG WHFKQLFDO ¿HOGV ,Q UHFHQW VWXGLHV WKH UROH RI FRPSXWHU JDPHV SDUWLFXODUO WKRVH ZLWK ' VLPXODWLRQV KDYH EHHQ H[DPLQHG IRU WKHLU LPSDFW RQ WKH GHYHORS PHQW RI VSDWLDO VNLOOV 7KH ZRUN SUHVHQWHG LQ WKLV FKDSWHU GHVFULEHV WKH GHVLJQ DQG XVHU HYDOXDWLRQ RI D ' FRQVWUXFWLRQ PRELOH JDPH FDOOHG LXEH $ WULDO YHUVLRQ ZDV EURXJKW RXW DQG HYDOXDWHG E WZHQW WZR VWXGHQWV 8VHUV SRLQWHG RXW WKDW WKH JDPH LV XVHIXO IRU LPSURYHPHQW RI VSDWLDO DELOLW DQG LV IXQ +RZHYHU VRPH GLI¿FXOWLHV DURVH ZLWK XVH RI WKH WDFWLOH VFUHHQ DV ¿QJHUSULQWV FDXVHG SUREOHPV ZKLOH LQWHUDFWLQJ ZLWK WKH JDPH¶V ' HQYLURQPHQW 7KH UHVXOWV UHYHDOHG WKDW LW LV QHFHVVDU WR KDYH WKLV LWHP LQ PLQG GXULQJ WKH JDPH¶V GHVLJQ ZKHUH VFUHHQ DFWLRQ LV FRQWLQXRXV KDSWHU 5ROH3ODLQJ *DPH DV D 3HGDJRJLFDO 3URSRVLWLRQ IRU 6WRU RRQVWUXFWLRQ $ %UD]LOLDQ ([SHULHQFH ZLWK 'HDI ,QGLYLGXDOV LQ DQ (GXFDWLRQDO RQWH[W 3ULVFLOD 6WDURVN 6WDWH 8QLYHUVLW RI 5LR GH -DQHLUR %UD]LO 0DULD GDV *UDoDV 'LDV 3HUHLUD 3DSDO 8QLYHUVLW RI 5LR GH -DQHLUR %UD]LO 7KLV FKDSWHU VKRZV DQG GLVFXVVHV WKH GHYHORSPHQW DQG LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ RI D SHJDJRJLF SURSRVLWLRQ RI VWRU FRFRQVWUXFWLRQ YLD 5ROH3ODLQJ *DPHV 53*

38.
LQ WKH FRQWH[WRI OLWHUDF ZLWK D ELOLQJXDO DS SURDFK IRU GHDI LQGLYLGXDOV 7KH UHVHDUFKHU EHVLGHV WKH H[SHULHQFH RI SUDFWLFLQJ 53* DQG GHYHORSLQJ D JDPH DGDSWHG WR WKH SDUWLFXODULWLHV RI GHDI DGROHVFHQWV DOVR DQDOVHV QDUUDWLYH FRFRQVWUXFWLRQ GXULQJ WKH PXOWLSDUWLFLSDWLRQ GQDPLFV RI WKH JDPH 7KH UHVHDUFK ZDV GRQH LQ WKH $PEXODWyULR GH 6XUGH] GR XUVR GH )RQRDXGLRORJLD GD 8QLYHUVLGDGH )HGHUDO GR 5LR GH -DQHLUR $PEXODWRU IRU 'HDIQHVV RI WKH 3KRQRDXGLRORJ RXUVH RI WKH )HGHUDO 8QLYHUVLW RI 5LR GH -DQHLUR

39.
,Q WKH 53*LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ SKDVH WKH SDUWLFLSDQWV ZHUH IRXU GHDI DGROHVFHQWV DQG D GHDI WHDFKHU DV SODHUV

40.
DQ 53* DQGHGXFDWLRQ UH VHDUFKHU DV PDVWHU

41.
WKH UHVHDUFKHU DVDVVLVWDQW

42.
DQG D /,%5$6LQWHUSUHWHU 7KH UHVXOWV VKRZ WKDW WKH JDPH SURYLGHG IRU LQWHUDFWLRQ DPRQJ WKH SDUWLFLSDQWV ZLWK UHOHYDQW PXOWLOLWHUDF SUDFWLFHV

43.
KDSWHU ,QWHJUDWLQJ WKH3ULQFLSOHV RI '*%/ 6/ DQG 3ODDELOLW LQ WKH 'HVLJQ RI 6RFLDO 9LGHRJDPHV $ DVH 6WXG DULQD 6ROHGDG *RQ]iOH]*RQ]iOH] 8QLYHUVLGDG GH /D /DJXQD 6SDLQ )UDQFLVFR %ODQFR ,]TXLHUGR 8QLYHUVLGDG GH /D /DJXQD 6SDLQ 3HGUR 7ROHGR 'HOJDGR 8QLYHUVLGDG GH /D /DJXQD 6SDLQ 5HVHDUFK DQG H[SHULHQFH KDYH SURYHG WKDW YLGHRJDPHV FDQ EH DSSOLHG HIIHFWLYHO LQ D ZLGH YDULHW RI OHDUQLQJ FRQWH[WV :LWK WKH REMHFWLYH WR H[WHQG WKH XVH RI HGXFDWLRQDO YLGHRJDPHV ZLWK KRVSLWDOL]HG FKLOGUHQ WKH DXWKRUV DUH ZRUNLQJ RQ WKH GHVLJQ RI VRFLDO HGXFDWLRQDO YLGHRJDPHV 7KHLU SURSRVDO IRO ORZV WKH IRXQGDWLRQV RI 'LJLWDO *DPH%DVHG /HDUQLQJ '*%/

44.
WKH RPSXWHU 6XSSRUWHGROODERUDWLYH /HDUQLQJ 6/

45.
DQG SODDELOLW ,QRUGHU WR WHVW WKH HIIHFWV RI WKH GHVLJQHG SURWRWSH ZLWK UHDO XVHUV LQ HGXFDWLRQDO FRQWH[WV WKH DXWKRUV FDUULHG RXW D SLORW VWXG DERXW WKHLU HGXFDWLRQDO ' YLGHRJDPH SURWRWSH 7KH REMHFWLYH RI WKLV SLORW H[SHULPHQW ZDV PHDVXULQJ WKH SODDELOLW DQG H[WHQGLQJ WKLV HYDOXDWLRQ WR WKH VRFLDO LQWHUDFWLRQV DQG HPRWLRQDO DVSHFWV 7KH DXWKRUV SUHVHQW LQ WKLV FKDSWHU WKH SULQFLSOHV RI GHVLJQ RI WKHLU YLGHRJDPH DQG VRPH SUHOLPLQDU UHVXOWV DERXW WKH GHYHORSHG VWXG KDSWHU %HQH¿WV RI 9LUWXDO :RUOGV LQ (GXFDWLRQDO (QYLURQPHQWV 9LFHQWH *DOLDQR 0LJXHO +HUQDQGH] 8QLYHUVLW 6SDLQ 9LFWRULD +HUUDQ] 0LJXHO +HUQDQGH] 8QLYHUVLW 6SDLQ ,Q WKLV FKDSWHU WKH DXWKRUV GHVFULEH WKH SURMHFW RI D YLUWXDO ZRUOG WKDW WKH GHYHORSHG LQ WKHLU XQLYHU VLW DQG ZLWK WKHLU VWXGHQWV ,Q WKLV ZRUN WKH MRLQHG FRQFHSWV OLNH VRFLDO QHWZRUNV DQG YLUWXDO UHDOLW FUHDWLQJ D YLUWXDO PRGHO RI WKH 8QLYHUVLW 0LJXHO +HUQDQGH] 80+

46.
ZKHUH VWXGHQWV DUHDEOH WR ZDON DURXQG WKH FDPSXV LQVLGH WKH EXLOGLQJV FKDW ZLWK RWKHU VWXGHQWV DQG PRUHRYHU XVH YLGHRFRQIHUHQFLQJ URRPV ZKHUH VWXGHQWV WDON DQG VHH RWKHU VWXGHQWV LQ WKH VDPH YLUWXDO ZRUOG 7KH DXWKRUV GHVFULEH WKLV SURMHFW FDOOHG 80+YLUWXDO DYDLODEOH LQ KWWSYLUWXDOXPKHV

47.
ZKLFK KDV EHHQVXSHUYLVHG E WKH DXWKRUV LPSOHPHQWHG E D JURXS RI VWXGHQWV DQG IRFXVHG RQ DOO WKH XQLYHUVLW VWXGHQWV KDSWHU 6FUDWFK /HDUQLQJ WKH *UDPPDU IRU D 1HZ /DQJXDJH (XUtGLFH DEDxHV $56*$0(6 6SDLQ /XFD DUUXEED $56*$0(6 6SDLQ 9LGHRJDPHV DV D QHZ DQG SODIXO LQWHUDFWLYH ODQJXDJH KDYH JUHDW SRWHQWLDO LQ WKH HGXFDWLRQ ¿HOG 2Q WKH RQH KDQG ZH FDQ ¿QG HGXFDWLRQDO YLGHRJDPHV WR FRYHU DOPRVW WKH ZKROH VSHFWUXP RI WRSLFV RIIHUHG E FROOHJHV DQG DFDGHPLHV DOWKRXJK WKH DUH XVHG PDLQO DW KRPH DQG QRW LQ WKH DFDGHPLF HQYLURQPHQW

48.
2Q WKH RWKHUKDQG SODLQJ YLGHRJDPHV LV LQ LWVHOI D UHFUHDWLRQDO ZD WR JHQHUDWH WHFKQLFDO FRPSHWHQFLHV DQG WHDFK WKH XVH RI D ZKROH QHZ ³GLJLWDO ODQJXDJH´ 'HSHQGLQJ RQ GLIIHUHQW FRXQWULHV DQG FXOWXUHV WKHUH LV D WHQGHQF WR LPSOHPHQW WKLV WHFKQRORJ LQ HGXFDWLRQDO FHQWUHV LQ YDULQJ GHJUHHV ,Q RUGHU WR H[HPSOLI WKLV LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ WKH DXWKRUV ORRN DW ³6FUDWFK´ D FUHDWLYH YLGHRJDPH SURJUDP IRU FKLO GUHQ ZLWK D ELJ FRPPXQLW EHKLQG LW ,Q WKH FRQFOXVLRQ WKH IRFXV RQ WKH LQWURGXFWLRQ RI YLGHRJDPH ODQJXDJH LQ WKH HGXFDWLRQDO FRQWH[W QRW DV HGXFDWLRQDO YLGHRJDPHV EXW DV D WRRO WR OHDUQ GLJLWDO OLWHUDF DQG FRQWHPSRUDU VRFLHW

49.
KDSWHU *$0(67$57

50.
$Q $56*$0(6 3URMHFW 0DUtD 5XELR 0pQGH] $56*$0(6 6SDLQ (XUtGLFH DEDxHV 0DUWtQH] $56*$0(6 6SDLQ 7KHUH LV D GLVWLQFW WHQGHQF WR LQWHJUDWH WHFKQRORJ LQWR WKH FODVVURRP EXW LQ SUDFWLFH WKH LQWURGXF WLRQ RI WKH ,7 LQ HGXFDWLRQ LV QRW SURGXFLQJ WKH H[SHFWHG HIIHFWV :H DUH FRQIURQWHG ZLWK WKH VHFRQG GLJLWDO GLYLGH ZKLFK FRQVLVWV LQ WKH GLVVRFLDWLRQ RI WKH VWXGHQWV IURP WKH WHFKQRORJLHV LQWURGXFHG LQ WKH HGXFDWLRQDO VSKHUH WKDW GR QRW PDWFK WKHLU DFWXDO WHFKQRORJLFDO HQYLURQPHQW *$0(67$57

51.
KDV EHHQ GHYHORSHG LQWKLV FRQWH[W DV DQ $56*$0(6 SURMHFW ZKLFK WDNLQJ LQWR DFFRXQW WKH SRWHQWLDOLWLHV RI YLGHR JDPHV IRU HGXFDWLRQ DQG VRFLDOL]DWLRQ SURSRVHV D VHULHV RI ZHHNO PHHWLQJV WKDW LQFOXGH DVVHPEO PHHWLQJV IRU GHFLVLRQPDNLQJ DERXW WKH FOXE¶V UXOHV DFWLYLWLHV DQG PDWHULDOV WKHPDWLF FRXUVHV UHODWHG WR VSHFL¿F GRPDLQV RI NQRZOHGJH DQG WKH FOXE¶V VHVVLRQV LQ ZKLFK FKLOGUHQ SOD DVVLVWHG E PRQLWRUV LQ DQ DWPRVSKHUH RI FULWLFDO DQG FROOHFWLYH UHÀHFWLRQ ,Q WKH IROORZLQJ WKH DXWKRUV H[DPLQH KRZ WKH FOXE GHYHORSHG ZKLFK PHWKRGRORJ ZDV XVHG ZKDW SUREOHPV ZHUH HQFRXQWHUHG DQG WKH VROXWLRQV DSSOLHG RPSLODWLRQ RI 5HIHUHQFHV $ERXW WKH RQWULEXWRUV ,QGH[

52.
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

53.
LW LV DYROXQWDU DFWLRQ VWDUWHG DQG FRPSOHWHG E WKH XVHU DV KH ZDQWV E

54.
LW LV DOVRLPDJLQDU SDUDOOHO WR WKH UHDO ZRUOG UHSOLFDWLQJ D XQLYHUVH RU DQ DFWLYLW ZLWKRXW DQ FRQVHTXHQFH LQ UHDO OLIH F

55.
LW LV OLPLWHGLQ WLPH DQG VSDFH G

56.
LW IROORZV DVHW RI UXOHV D VSHFLILF DQG SULYDWH IUDPHZRUN DQG H

57.
LW SURYLGHV DQXQFHUWDLQ VROXWLRQ VLQFH HYHU UXQ HYHU SOD LV GLIIHUHQW DQG GHSHQGV RQ XQSUHGLFWDEOH XVHU EHKDYLRXU %HRQG WKHVH JHQHULF IHDWXUHV HGXFDWLRQDO JDPHV H[KLELW DG GLWLRQDO FKDUDFWHULVWLFV D

58.
DQ HGXFDWLRQDO JDPHVWDUWV ZLWK D SUHPLVH WR EH VROYHG E

59.
EHLQJ XQSURGXFWLYH LW GRHVQRW JHQHUDWH DQ SURSHUW RU ZHDOWK F

60.
WKH PDLQ GULYHLV WKH JDPLQJ DFWLYLW LWVHOI G

61.
WKHUH LV DW OHDVWRQH ULJKW VROXWLRQ DQG H

62.
WKH XVHUSODHU OHDUQVD VNLOO RU DWWDLQV D FRPSHWHQFH LQWURGXFLQJ QHZ NQRZOHGJH IL[LQJ SUHYLRXV DFTXLUHG NQRZOHGJH WUDLQLQJ VNLOOV VKDULQJ H[SHULHQFHV GLVFRYHULQJ QHZ FRQFHSWV GHYHORSLQJ RXWFRPHV ,Q WKLV FRQWH[W JDPLQJ DQG OHDUQLQJ EHFRPH D SHUIHFW FRXSOH ,Q RUGHU WR DFKLHYH HGXFDWLRQDO JRDOV WKH JDPH GHVLJQHUWHDFKHU FDQ XVH D QXPEHU RI LQWHUDFWLYH OHDUQLQJ WHFKQLTXHV IXOO LQ FRQQHFWLRQ ZLWK JDPHV 7KURXJK H*DPHV WKH SODHU FDQ XVH VHYHUDO LQWHUDFWLYH OHDUQLQJ WHFKQLTXHV LH OHDUQLQJ E GRLQJ OHDUQLQJ IURP PLVWDNHV JRDORULHQWHG OHDUQLQJ UROHSODLQJ FROODERUDWLYH OHDUQLQJ DQG FRQVWUXFWLYLVW OHDUQLQJ $Q LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ RI WKHVH WHFKQLTXHV ZLWKLQ D JDPH FRXOG EH XVHG WR VXSSRUW SHUVRQDOL]DWLRQ LQWHUDFWLRQ SODDELOLW DQG DFFHVVLELOLW 2Q WKH RWKHU KDQG WKH XVH RI HGXFDWLRQDO JDPHV ZLWKLQ OHVVRQ SODQV LV D ZLGHO H[WHQGHG SUDFWLFH ZLWKLQ WKH FRPPXQLW RI WHDFKHUV 7KH LQWHUODFH VSHFLILF FRQWHQW DQG VNLOOV ZLWK D XVHUIULHQGO HQ

63.
[Y YLURQPHQW ZKHUH WKHVWXGHQW LV DEOH WR SOD WU JHW ZURQJ DQG ULJKW DQG OHDUQ ,Q WKLV VHQVH GLJLWDO JHQHULF JDPHV DQG VLPXODWLRQV KDYH D ZLGHU DQG PRUH DVVRUWHG DSSURDFK WR OHDUQLQJ DQG LQWHUDFWLRQ WKDQ VSHFLILF H*DPHV VLQFH WKH SURGXFH GLGDFWLFDO ZRUWK LI WKH DUH XVHG LQ WKH ULJKW FRQWH[W E SUDFWLWLR QHUV 7KHUHIRUH JDPHEDVHG OHDUQLQJ FDQ EH GHSORHG QRW RQO E HGXFDWLRQDO VRIWZDUH EXW DQ JHQHULF VRIWZDUH DSSOLHG ZLWK HGXFDWLRQDO SXUSRVHV DQG FRQWH[W 7KH SRVVLELOLW RI UHSXUSRVLQJ WKLV NLQG RI H[LVWLQJ JHQHULF JDPH DQG VLPXODWLRQ LQ D GLGDFWLFDO VFHQDULR DQG SURYLGLQJ QHZ SHGDJRJLFDO XVHV WR WKHP EHFRPHV D FKDOOHQJH DQG D QHHG LI ZH WDON DERXW YLUWXDO OHDUQLQJ HQYLURQPHQWV DQG SUDFWLFDO GDLO H[SHULHQFHV E WHDFKHUV ,QGHHG WKHUH LV D JURZLQJ LQWHUHVW LQ WKH ILHOG RI HGXFDWLRQDO WHFKQRORJLHV OHDUQLQJ GHVLJQHUV DQG WHDFKHUV LQ XVLQJ H*DPHV DQG HGXFDWLRQDO VLPXODWLRQV DV D SDUW RI WKHLU UHJXODU SURJUDPPHV DQG OHV VRQV +RZHYHU WKH XVH RI WKHVH UHVRXUFHV LV XVXDOO LVRODWHG IURP WKH UHVW RI WKH OHDUQLQJ H[SHULHQFH ,Q IDFHWRIDFH HGXFDWLRQDO VHWWLQJV WKLV JDS FDQ EH FORVHG WKDQNV WR WKH WHDFKHU ZKR HOLFLWV UHIOHFWLRQ DQG VXSSRUWV WKH VWXGHQWV WR PDNH FRQQHFWLRQV EHWZHHQ WKH JDPH DQG WKH RWKHU UHVRXUFHV +RZHYHU LI ZH ZDQW WR LQWURGXFH JDPHV LQ RQOLQH HGXFDWLRQ ZH QHHG WR WDNH DOWHUQDWLYH DSSURDFKHV WR ILOO WKLV JDS OLNH VWDQGDUGV SDWWHUQV DQG ULFK PHGLD 7KH PDLQ FRQFHUQ LV WR PDNH WKH JDPH DQRWKHU SDUW RI WKH SURFHVV IXOO LQWHJUDWHG LQ WKH XVHU H[SHULHQFH DQG WR QRW OHW LW UHPDLQ DV DQ XQFRQQHFWHG UHVRXUFH ,Q WKLV VHQVH DFKLHYLQJ VWDQGDUGL]DWLRQ SDWWHUQV DQG ULFK PHGLD DOORZV IRU WKH UHXVH DQG UHLQWHJUDWLRQ RI HGXFDWLRQDO UHVRXUFHV OLNH H*DPHV LQ YLUWXDO OHDUQLQJ HQYLURQPHQWV 7KLV ERRN FRPSLOHV D VHOHFWHG QXPEHU RI ZHOOZULWWHQ DUWLFOHV ZKLFK DGGUHVV XVDELOLW LQ JDPHV DV RQH RI WKH PDLQ WRSLFV DV VXSSRUWHG E ³6HFWLRQ 8VDELOLW $FFHVVLELOLW DQG 3ODDELOLW LQ 9LUWXDO /HDUQLQJ (QYLURQPHQWV DQG 6HULRXV *DPHV´ ,Q HGXFDWLRQDO JDPHV WKHUH LV PXFK FRQFHUQ DERXW XV DELOLW 6LQFH LQWHUDFWLRQ ZLWK XVHUV DQG EHWZHHQ WKHP VHHPV WR EH FUXFLDO IRU DFKLHYLQJ D KHDOWK DQG VDWLVIDFWRU XVHU H[SHULHQFH XVDELOLW LV D WRS LVVXH ZKHQ D ZRUNWHDP GHVLJQV D JDPH )URP WKH QDSNLQ PRFNXS WR WKH ILQDO UHOHDVH XVDELOLW SODV D FHQWUDO UROH (YHU VLQJOH DVSHFW RI WKH JDPH PXVW VHUYH DQ XWPRVW SXUSRVH (YHU UHTXLUHG VNLOO WR PDNH D JUHDW LGHD FRPHV WUXH PXVW EH HODERUDWHG UHILQHG GRXEOHFKHFNHG DQG LQWHJUDWHG LQWR WKH JOREDO SURMHFW )URP SURJUDPPLQJ WR JUDSKLF GHVLJQ IURP D VPDUW VFULSW WR D FDSWLYDWLQJ VRXQGWUDFN JDPHV PXVW HQJDJH WKH ILQDO XVHU DQG PDNH KLP GLYH LQWR WKH PDJLF ,Q WKLV FRQWH[W XVDELOLW EHFRPHV WKH NH ZRUN WR PDNH DOO IORZ VPRRWKO :LWKRXW XVDELOLW QR ZRUG FRPPHQW GUDZLQJ RU EDFNJURXQG LV XVHIXO 8VDELOLW EHFRPHV WKH FRQQHFWLRQ OLQN EHWZHHQ DOO RI WKHP VLQFH WKH QDWXUH RI D JDPH LV WR EH SODHG E D XVHU :LWKRXW XVDELOLW WKH XVHU GRHV QRW JHW WKH PHVVDJH GRHV QRW SOD WKH VFULSW DQG GRHV QRW HQJDJH ,Q DGGLWLRQ WR XVDELOLW RWKHU IDFWRUV PDNH LQWHUDFWLRQ RQH RI WKH VWURQJHVW LVVXHV LQ DQ JDPH 7KHVH DUH WUXVW VRFLDO JDPLQJ DGDSWDWLRQ DQG DWWUDFWLRQ $OO RI WKHP DUH EURDGO GHVFULEHG LQ ³6HFWLRQ +XPDQ DQG 6RFLDO )DFWRUV LQ *DPH%DVHG /HDUQLQJ´ ,QGHHG WR DGDSW WKH XVHU H[SHULHQFH RI D JDPH WR HYHU XVHU LW LV DV QHHGHG DV GHVLJQLQJ LQGLYLGXDOLVHG OHDUQLQJ LWLQHUDULHV VR WKDW HYHURQH JHWV D XQLTXH UHODWLRQ ZLWK WKH JDPH LQ GRLQJ VR HYHU VWXGHQW DFKLHYHV SHUVRQDO JRDOV EDVHG RQ D QXPEHU RI IDFWRUV LH UHFRUGV EHKDYLRXU EDFNJURXQG DQG RWKHUV ,Q WKLV VHQVH WUXVW EHFRPHV WKH PDVWHU OLQH WR HOLFLW DQ DFWLYH UHVSRQVH IURP WKH XVHU HJ D OHDUQHU HVSHFLDOO LQ VRFLDO JDPLQJ %DVHG RQ VRFLDO H[FKDQJH WKHRU WKHUH DUH IRXU PDLQ LQFHQWLYH PHFKDQLVPV WR PDNH XVHUV VRFLDOL]H DQG LQWHUDFW LQ FRP PXQLWLHV RI SUDFWLFH VRFLDO FROODERUDWLRQ DQG YLUWXDO OHDUQLQJ HQYLURQPHQWV SHUVRQDO DFFHVV SHUVRQDO UHSXWDWLRQ VRFLDO DOWUXLVP DQG WDQJLEOH UHZDUGV $OO RI WKHP OHDQ RQ WUXVW DV WKH PDLQ VHHG WR VXSSRUW SHUVRQDO LQWHUDFWLRQ )LQDOO WKH ERRN SURYLGHV D VRXQG VHOHFWLRQ RI ³([SHULHQFHV DQG 8VHV RI (GXFDWLRQDO 9LGHRJDPHV LQ 'LIIHUHQW RQWH[WV´ 6HFWLRQ 7KHVH LQWHUHVWLQJ DQG ZHOOFRQVWUXFWHG H[SHULHQFHV FRPH IURP ' HGX

64.
[YL FDWLRQDO PRELOH JDPLQJOHDUQLQJ JUDPPDU DQG UROHSODLQJ RU YLUWXDO ZRUOGV WR QDPH D IHZ $OO WKHVH DUH SUDFWLFDO H[DPSOHV RI VXFFHVVIXO LPSOHPHQWDWLRQV ZKLFK FRPELQH D VWURQJ WKHRUHWLFDO EDFNJURXQG RQ HGXFDWLRQ DQG JDPHEDVH OHDUQLQJ ZLWK D ILQH GHVLJQ DQG GHYHORSPHQW WR FRSH ZLWK VSHFLILF SUREOHPV 7KLV ERRN HGLWHG E 'U DULQD 6ROHGDG *RQ]iOH] *RQ]iOH] IURP 8QLYHUVLW RI /D /DJXQD DQG ZHOO SURYLVLRQHG E WKH VHOHFWHG DXWKRUV SURYLGHV D IUHVK UHIOHFWLRQ RQ WRGD¶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

65.
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

66.
RPSXWHU 6FLHQFH 'U,QJ

67.
(GXFDWLRQ DQG %XVLQHVV$GPLQLVWUDWLRQ

68.
[YLL 3UHIDFH 8VDELOLW LV DNH IDFWRU LQ WKH DELOLW RI VWXGHQWV WR HIILFLHQWO DQG HIIHFWLYHO DFTXLUH NQRZOHGJH DQG VNLOOV IURP LQWHUDFWLYH VVWHPV +XPDQRPSXWHU ,QWHUDFWLRQ +,

69.
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

70.
[YLLL RI WKH VVWHPGHWHUPLQH ZKHWKHU WKH LQWHUIDFH RI HOHDUQLQJ VVWHP LV GHVLJQHG ZHOO DQG NQRZ WKDW WDVNV JHQHUDWH D KLJKHU UDWH RI IDLOXUH RU IUXVWUDWLRQ 7KH GDWD FROOHFWHG IURP WKH VWXGHQW DFWLYLW LV D VRXUFH RI YDOXDEOH LQIRUPDWLRQ DQG UHOHYDQW WR WKH DGYDQFHV LQ WKH GHVLJQ DQG GHYHORSPHQW RI HOHDUQLQJ VROXWLRQV DQG LQQRYDWLYH WRROV DQG VHUYLFHV WR IDFLOLWDWH DFKLHYLQJ WKH LQVWUXFWLRQDO DQG HGXFDWLRQDO REMHFWLYHV (GXFDWRUV DUH LQFUHDVLQJO XVLQJ VRSKLVWLFDWHG FRPSXWHU JDPHV WR VQDJ DQG KROG WKH LQWHUHVW RI WKH ³GLJLWDO QDWLYHV´ LQ WKHLU FODVVURRPV 7KH DLP RI HGXFDWLRQDO JDPHV LV WR IDFLOLWDWH WKH SODHU¶V H[SHULHQFH PHHW GHVLUHG REMHFWLYHV DQG DOORZ XVHUV WR HQJDJH LQ HGXFDWLRQ ZKLOH WKH DUH HQMRLQJ WKHPVHOYHV (GXFDWLRQDO JDPHV VHHP WR SXW OHDUQHUV LQ WKH UROH RI GHFLVLRQ PDNHU DQG JLYH WKHP LPPHGLDWH IHHGEDFN RQ WKHLU DFWLRQV DQG GHFLVLRQV LQYLWLQJ H[SORUDWLRQ DQG H[SHULPHQWDWLRQ 1RZDGDV WHFKQLTXHV DQG PHFKDQLFV RI YLGHRJDPH GHVLJQ KDYH EHHQ DSSOLHG WR HQKDQFH QRQJDPHV DSSOLFDWLRQV DQG VHUYLFHV7KLV HPHUJHG FRQFHSW LV FDOOHG ³JDPLILFDWLRQ´ (GXFDWLRQDO JDPLILFDWLRQ VXJJHVWV WKDW WKH XVH RI D JDPHOLNH UXOH VVWHPV FDQ KHOS VWXGHQWV D

71.
WR H[SORUH WKURXJKDFWLYH H[SHULPHQWDWLRQ DQG GLVFRYHU E

72.
WR KHOS WKURXJKWKH PDVWHU SURFHVV DQG NHHS WKHP HQJDJHG ZLWK SRWHQWLDOO GLIILFXOW WDVNV F

73.
WR VXSSRUW WKHLUPRWLYDWLRQ DQG HQJDJHPHQW G

74.
WR SHUVLVW WKURXJKQHJDWLYH HPRWLRQDO H[SHULHQFHV DQG HYHQ WUDQVIRUP WKHP LQWR SRVLWLYH DQG H

75.
WR WDNH RQPHDQLQJIXO UROHV WKDW DUH IUXLWIXO IRU OHDUQLQJ :HOOGHVLJQHG HGXFDWLRQDO FRPSXWHU JDPHV VKDUH FKDUDFWHULVWLFV ZLWK HIIHFWLYH HOHDUQLQJ HQYLURQ PHQWV DQG FDQ DOVR EH HYDOXDWHG DQG GHVLJQHG XVLQJ +, SULQFLSOHV /LNH WKH GHVLJQ RI HOHDUQLQJ VVWHPV DQG RWKHU YLUWXDO HQYLURQPHQWV WKH GHVLJQ RI JDPHV PXVW WDNH XVHUV LQWR DFFRXQW )RU H[DPSOH HOHPHQWV LQ SODDELOLW²LQFOXGLQJ FKDOOHQJH VWUDWHJ SDFH EDODQFH FRQWURO DQG SURJUHVV WUDFNLQJ²RFFXS D FHQWUDO UROH LQ YLGHRJDPH GHVLJQ DWWUDFWLQJ XVHUV DQG HQJDJLQJ WKHP LQ SOD :KLOH D KHXULVWLF PD KHOS LQ GHVLJQ XVHU WHVWLQJ LV HVVHQWLDO IRU PHDVXULQJ VXFFHVV ,Q DGGLWLRQ ERWK HOHDUQLQJ VVWHPV DQG JDPHV DUH EHLQJ WUDQVIRUPHG DV DSSOLFDWLRQV DQG GHYHORSHG IRU QHZ HQYLURQPHQWV OLNH YLUWXDO LPPHUVLYH OHDUQLQJ HQYLURQPHQWV YLGHRFRQIHUHQFLQJ

76.
DQG GHYLFHV LQFOXGLQJ PRELOHVDQG WDEOHWV

77.
7KHVH WHFKQRORJLHV PDFKDQJH SDWWHUQV RI LQWHUDFWLRQ DQG PDNH XELT XLWRXV OHDUQLQJ SRVVLEOH 7KH SXUSRVH RI WKLV ERRN LV WR FRYHU WKH QHZ PRGHOV RI LQWHUDFWLRQ DQG +, SDUDGLJPV DSSOLHG WR OHDUQLQJ HQYLURQPHQWV IRFXVLQJ RQ WKH XVDELOLW GHVLJQ DQG HYDOXDWLRQ RI OHDUQLQJ VVWHPV DQG HGX FDWLRQDO JDPH HQYLURQPHQWV 7KHUHIRUH WKLV ERRN SURYLGHV D SLFWXUH RI WKH VWDWH RI DUW LQ WKH ILHOG RI +, DSSOLHG WR HGXFDWLRQDO HQYLURQPHQWV DQG VHULRXV JDPHV DQG FRXOG KHOS H[SHUWV RI WKH DUHD RI +, OHDUQLQJ VVWHPV DQG HGXFDWLRQDO YLGHRJDPHV WR LPSURYH WKHLU XQGHUVWDQGLQJ RI VWXGHQW H[SHULHQFHV ZLWK QHZ OHDUQLQJJDPLQJ HQYLURQPHQWV DQG DOORZ UHVHDUFKHUV DQG GHYHORSHUV WR VKDUH WHFKQLTXHV IRU WKH GHVLJQ DQG HYDOXDWLRQ RI HGXFDWLRQDO JDPHV DQG LQWHUDFWLYH VVWHPV 7KLV ERRN LV GLYLGHG LQWR WKUHH VHFWLRQV 7KH ILUVW VHFWLRQ ³8VDELOLW $FFHVVLELOLW DQG 3ODDELOLW LQ 9LUWXDO /HDUQLQJ (QYLURQPHQWV DQG 6HULRXV *DPHV´ RIIHUV ILYH FKDSWHUV VKRZLQJ WKH PDLQ SULQFLSOHV DQG WHFKQLTXHV DERXW XVDELOLW DFFHVVLELOLW DQG SODDELOLW LQ HOHDUQLQJ DQG HGXFDWLRQDO YLGHRJDPHV 7KH VHFRQG VHFWLRQ ³+XPDQ DQG 6RFLDO )DFWRUV LQ *DPH%DVHG /HDUQLQJ´ FRQVLVWV RI IRXU FKDSWHUV DERXW WKH VWXG RI KXPDQ IDFWRUV LQ VHULRXV JDPHV FRQVLGHULQJ WKH SRZHU RI DWWUDFWLRQ WUXVW RU VWXGLQJ WKH GLIIHUHQW DVSHFWV OLQNHG WR XVHUV¶ FROODERUDWLRQ LQ WKHVH HQYLURQPHQWV 7KH WKLUG DQG ILQDO VHFWLRQ ³([SHULHQFHV DQG 8VHV RI (GXFDWLRQDO 9LGHRJDPHV LQ 'LIIHUHQW RQWH[WV´ SUHVHQWV HLJKW FDVH VWXGLHV SURYLGLQJ UHDGHUV ZLWK D ULFK RYHUYLHZ RI SUREOHPV DQG H[SHULHQFHV LQ WKH DUHD VXFK DV WKH GHVLJQ DQG XVDELOLW HYDOXDWLRQ RI HGXFDWLRQDO WRROV ' PRELOH JDPHV ODERUDWRU H[SHULPHQWV LQ 6/ DFWLYLWLHV RU DSSOLFDWLRQV LQ GLIIHUHQW FRQWH[WV DQG LQGLYLGXDOV VXFK DV GHDI RU KRVSLWDOL]HG SHUVRQV ,Q WKLV ZD WKH ERRN LV VWUXFWXUHG WR ILUVW LQWURGXFH WKH FRQFHSWV DQG PHWKRGV DQG WKHQ VKRZ WKHLU DSSOLFDWLRQV

78.
[L[ WKURXJK GLIIHUHQW FDVHVWXGLHV ,Q VXPPDU WKH FKDSWHUV LQ WKLV ERRN UHSUHVHQW VRPH RI WKH PDLQ DUHDV DQG DSSOLFDWLRQV UHODWHG WR VWXGHQW XVDELOLW LQ HGXFDWLRQDO VRIWZDUH DQG VHULRXV JDPHV LOOXVWUDWLQJ WKH NH EHQHILWV DQG LVVXHV HPHUJLQJ WKURXJK WKHVH UHVHDUFK SURMHFWV WKDW VKDUH KLJKTXDOLW NQRZOHGJH ZLWK WKH +, FRPPXQLW DULQD 6ROHGDG *RQ]iOH] *RQ]iOH] 8QLYHUVLW RI /D /DJXQD 6SDLQ

79.
[[ $FNQRZOHGJPHQW 0 VLQFHUH DSSUHFLDWLRQWR DOO WKH DXWKRUV UHYLHZHUV DQG VSHFLDO LQYLWHG DXWKRUV IRU WKHLU HIIRUWV DV ZHOO DV WKH ,*, HGLWRULDO VWDII IRU WKHLU LQYROYHPHQW WR UHDOL]H WKLV ERRN DULQD 6ROHGDG *RQ]iOH] *RQ]iOH] 8QLYHUVLW RI OD /DJXQD 6SDLQ

Student Usability in Educational Software and Games: Improving Experiences

More Related Content

What's hot

Viewers also liked

Similar to Student Usability in Educational Software and Games: Improving Experiences

More from Carina Soledad Gonzalez

Recently uploaded

Student Usability in Educational Software and Games: Improving Experiences