Structure charts are used to describe a system's functions and software architecture. They consist of boxes representing modules connected by lines or arrows. Structure charts show the system's modules and their relationships, depicting the system's size and complexity. The most popular type is the HIPO (Hierarchy plus Input Processing Output) chart, which includes both a hierarchy chart and an IPO chart. The hierarchy chart breaks the system down into levels from top to bottom, while the IPO chart describes each module's inputs, processes, and outputs. An alternative is the Warnier-Orr diagram, which groups subfunctions within brackets and arranges the chart from left to right.

1. SYSTEM ANALYSIS & DESIGNING
ARJUN.R
C5

2. Structure charts are designing tools for
describing a system according to its functions.
It describes the software architecture.
Structure chart is the next step after developing
DFD’s.
It consist of diagram consisting of rectangular
boxes that represents the modules, connecting
arrows , or lines.

3. control module
subordinate modules
Control Module: It is a higher-level module that directs lower-level
modules.
subordinate modules:These are the lower level modules.
lMODULE1
MODULE 1.1
MODULE 1.2
1.2
MOMODULE 1.3

4. Structure chart shows the system module and
their relationship between them.
It shows the size and complexity of the system.
There are two types of structure charts . They are
1 HIPO Chart
2 Warnier-orr Diagram

5. The most popular type of structure chart is
the HIPO chart.
HIPO stands for Hierarchy plus Input
Processing Output.
Actually ,two types of charts make up a HIPO
package.
Hierarchy chart and IPO chart.
One shows the hiearchy,the other depicts the
input,processing,and outputs.

6. Hierarchy chart describes the hierarchy of
system functions in a top to bottom manner.
The system is the top level.The second level is
made up of the major functions of the
system.For the third level ,each of the major
function is broken down into subfunctions.
It is a designphase tool with adetailed level
about equal to intermediate level system
flowcharts

7. Customer billing system hierarchy
Customer billing
system
Generate outputsUpdate master fileInput transactions
Print
customer
bills
Update
customer
balance
Display
charge
sales
summary
Delete
inactive
accounts
Add new
accounts
Build
transaction
file
Cdata
edit

8. The second of the HIPO package chart is IPO chart.
IPO chart decribes each functional modules of
hierarchy chart by listing inputs,processing
steps,and outputs.
IPO charts do not show hierarchy. It is normally
prepared for each function shown on the
hierarchy chart.

9. IPO chart for customer billing system hierarchy chart
input process output
IPO charts are used for input –output analysis
1.Sales data
2.Payment data
3.New accounts
4.Inactive
accounts
1.Verify account
numbers
2.validate all
numeric fields
3.check for valid
transaction codes
1.transaction file
2.Error report

10. The second type of structure chart is Warnier-orr
diagram.
Warnier-orr diagram is essentially a hierarchy chart
drawn from left to right rather than top to bottom.
It uses brackets to group subfunctions and relate them
to their higher level functions.
They are simple in appearance and easy to understand.
It gives more emphasize on functions rather than data
flow.

11. Warnier-orr diagram for customer billing system
Customer billing
system
Input
transactions
Update master
file
Generate
outputs
Cdata edit
Build transaction file
Add new accounts
Delete inactive accounts
update customer balance
Display charge sales
summary
Print customer bills

12. DO YOU HAVE ANY QUESTIONS ?
????????

13. THANK YOU