This Session Includes about the Loads that are acting on the structure and different types of load combinations as per the Indian Standards.

1. ITM Vocational University, Vadodara
7/13/2020
Structural Design - II 1
STRUCTURAL
DESIGN - II
Faculty’s Name – MS. Kavita Singh
Batch Name -B.Tech_Batch A
Session No. - 1
Chapter Name - Building Layout and Design

2. ITM Vocational University, Vadodara
• Students are able to understand the IS: 456.
• They are able to understand about the different loads that
are acting on the structures.
• They are able to understand the different load
combinations that are acting on the structure.
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LEARNING OUTCOMES

3. ITM Vocational University, Vadodara
CONTENTS
 LOADS AS PER IS:456
 DEAD LOADS
 LIVE LOADS (IMPOSED LOADS)
 WIND LOADS
 SNOW LOADS
 EARTHQUAKE LOADS
 OTHER FORCES AND EFFECTS
 DISTRIBUTION AND FLOW OF LOADS
 LOAD COMBINATIONS
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4. ITM Vocational University, Vadodara
LOAD AS PER IS: 456
The various loads expected on a structure:
1. Dead Loads
2. Live Loads (Imposed Loads)
3. Wind Loads
4. Snow Loads
5. Earthquake Loads
6. Shrinkage, Creep and Temperature Effects
7. Other Forces & Effects
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Structural Design - II 4

5. ITM Vocational University, Vadodara
DEAD LOADS
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Floors Roofs
Walls Partition Walls

6. ITM Vocational University, Vadodara
Operating Systems7/13/2020
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Beams Slabs
Lintel Chajja

7. ITM Vocational University, Vadodara
Operating Systems7/13/2020
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Column Balcony
Footing

8. ITM Vocational University, Vadodara
UNIT WEIGHT OF DIFFERENT
BUILDING MATERIAL
7/13/2020
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Sr.No. Material Unit Weight
1. Plain Cement Concrete (PCC) 24kN/m3
2. Reinforced Cement Concrete
(RCC)
25kN/m3
3. Brick Masonry 20kN/m3
4. Granite Stone Masonry 24kN/m3
5. Asbestos Cement Sheets 0.130kN/m2
Structural Design - II

9. ITM Vocational University, Vadodara
7/13/2020
Structural Design - II 9
Sr.No. Material Unit Weight
6. Galvanised Iron Sheets 0.120kN/m2
7. Earth 16 -17kN/m3
8. Steel 78.5kN/m3
9. Water 10kN/m3
10. Wood (sal) 8.5kN/m3

10. ITM Vocational University, Vadodara
LIVE LOADS (IMPOSED
LOADS)
 Loads which are not
steady.
 Keep on changing
position from time to time.
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Weight of persons
Cars Furniture Moving Partition

11. ITM Vocational University, Vadodara
MINIMUM LIVE LOADS AS PER
IS:875 - (Part - II)
7/13/2020
#Structural Design - II
Sr.No. Occupancy Minimum Live Loads
1. Residential Buildings, Hospitals 2.0kN/m2
2. Office, Small Work Space 2.5kN/m2
3. Banks, Reading Rooms 3.0kN/m2
4. Assembly Halls, Resturants,
Classrooms
4.0kN/m2
5. Warehouse, Workshop, Factory,
Store Room
5.0 - 10.0kN/m2
6. Stairs, Balcony 3.0 - 5.0kN/m2

12. ITM Vocational University, Vadodara
REDUCTION IN IMPOSED LOADS
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No. of Floors (Including Roof) to
be Carried by Member under
Consideration
Reduction in Total Distributed
Imposed Loads on all Floors to
be carried by the member
under consideration
1 0
2 10 %
3 20 %
4 30 %
5 to 10 40 %
Over 10 50 %

13. ITM Vocational University, Vadodara
WIND LOADS
 Considered in design of
tall buildings.
 Force exerted by the
horizontal component of
winds.
 It depends upon the
velocity of wind and
shape and size of the
buildings.
 Wind load calculation as
per the IS: 875 (Part 3).
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14. ITM Vocational University, Vadodara
SNOW LOADS
Actual load due to snow
will depend upon:
1. Shape of the Roof
2. Roof Capacity to
Retain the Snow.
3. IS:875 (Part 4)- 1987
deals with snow
loads on roofs of the
buildings.
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Structural Design - II

15. ITM Vocational University, Vadodara
EARTHQUAKE LOADS
 Causes movement of
foundations of structures.
 It causes shaking of
ground in all three
directions.
 Two in Horizontal
directions and one in
vertical directions.
 IS Code: 1893
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Structural Design - II

16. ITM Vocational University, Vadodara
OTHER FORCES AND EFFECTS
 Foundation
Movement
 Elastic Axial
Shortening
 Soil & Fluid Pressure
 Vibration
 Fatigue
 Impact
 Erection Loads
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Structural Design - II

17. ITM Vocational University, Vadodara
STRUCTURAL FAILURE
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Structural Design - II
Due to Wind Load Due to Snow Load
Due to Earthquake Load

18. ITM Vocational University, Vadodara
DISTRIBUTION & FLOW OF
LOADS
There are two basic paths of flow of Load:
1. Gravity Load Path
2. Lateral Load Path
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#Structural Design - II

19. ITM Vocational University, Vadodara
GRAVITY LOAD PATH
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20. ITM Vocational University, Vadodara
LATERAL LOAD PATH
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21. ITM Vocational University, Vadodara
LOAD COMBINATIONS
 1.5 (DL + IL)
 1.2 (DL + IL ± EL)
 1.2 (DL + IL ± WL)
 1.5 (DL ± EL)
 1.5 (DL ± WL)
 0.9DL ± 1.5EL
 0.9DL ± 1.5WL
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22. ITM Vocational University, Vadodara
LINKS
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xU7i4FcLS_E
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T0AEtX-uPLA&t=56s
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23. ITM Vocational University, Vadodara
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