This document provides an overview of stroke, including its definition, pathophysiology, types, causes, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. It notes that stroke is the 5th leading cause of death in the US, occurring when blood flow to the brain is interrupted. There are three main types of stroke: ischemic, hemorrhagic, and transient ischemic attack. Risk factors include hypertension, smoking, heart disease, and diabetes. Diagnosis involves assessing symptoms like numbness or weakness based on the FAST criteria and may include imaging tests and bloodwork. Treatment aims to restore blood flow, reduce complications, and involve physical therapy to improve function.

2. PRESENTED BY;-
DR AYESHA ANWER ALI
STROKE AND REHABILITATION

3. OUTLINE
 Definition
 Pathophysiology
 Types
 Causes
 Signs and symptoms
 Diagnosis
 Treatment

4. INTRODUCTION

5. INTRODUCTION
 Discovery of stroke by
Hippocrates .
 Stroke is the 5 th leading cause
of death in the US ,with one
person dying every 4 minutes .
 For black people, stroke is the
3rd leading cause of death.
 It is the second leading cause of
death in the world.

6. DEFINITION
 Stroke is also known as
cerebrovascular accident(CVA).
 A stroke, sometimes called a brain
attack, occurs when something
blocks blood supply to part of the
brain or when a blood vessel in
the brain bursts.
 In either case, parts of the brain
become damaged or die
 . A stroke can cause lasting brain
damage, long-term disability, or even
death.02-Nov-2022

About Stroke | cdc.gov
 https://www.cdc.gov › stroke › about


7. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND
TYPES

8. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
 Thrombus Embolus


 Obstruction of cerebral blood vessels Nerve cell unable

 Dec blood flow to the brain depolarize

 Dec; 02 level inc co2 Diminished


 Aerobic convert to anaerobic respiration

 Production of lactic acid
 ATP Production dec dead brain tissue


9. TYPES OF STROKE
 There are 3 types of
stroke
 (1) Ischemic stroke
 (2) Hemorrhagic stroke
 (3) Transient ischemic
stroke

10. ISCHEMIC STROKE
 Ischemic stroke is the most
common form of stroke,
accounting for arround 85%
of strokes.
 This type of stroke is caused
by blockages or narrowing of
the arteries that provide
blood to the brain,resulting
in ischemia -severely
reduced blood flow.

12. HEMORRHAGIC STROKE
 Hemorrhagic stroke are
caused by arteries in the brain
either leaking blood or
bursting open.
 The ruptures can be caused by
conditions such as
hypertension, trauma ,blood –
thinning medications and
aneurysms (weakness in the
blood vessel walls).
 Intra cerebral hemorrhage
 Subarachnoid hemorrhage

16. TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK
 TIA are different from
the aforementioned
kinds of stroke because
the flow of blood to the
brain is only briefly
interrupted.
 TIAs are similar to
ischemic strokes in that
they are often caused by
blood clots or other
debris.

17. CAUSES AND SYMPTOMS

18. Causes
 Hypertension
 Stress
 Heart disease
 Diabetes
 Smoking/Tabacco
 Cholesterol imbalance

19. Singn /Symptoms .
 Sudden numbness or weakness in the
face, arm, or leg, especially on one side of
the body.
 Sudden confusion, trouble speaking, or
difficulty understanding speech
 Sudden trouble seeing in one or both
eyes. Sudden trouble walking, dizziness,
loss of balance, or lack of coordination.
 Usually on one side of the body.
 Trouble speaking or understanding.
 Problems with vision, such as dimness or
loss of vision in one or both eyes.
 Dizziness or problems with balance or
coordination.
 Problems with movement or walking.
 Fainting or seizure.

20. NON-MODIFIABLE MODIFIABLE
 Age
 Gender
 Heredity
 Previous vascular
event such as MI,
Stroke.
 Hypertension
 Cigarette smoking
 Diabetes Mellitus
 Physical inactivity
 Obesity
 Dyslipidemia
RISK FACTORS

22. DIAGNOSIS AND
MEDICAL MANAGEMENT

23. Diagnosis:
 Strokes happen fast and will often
occur before an individual can be
seen by a doctor for a proper
diagnosis.
 The acronym F.A.S.T. is a way to
remember the signs of stroke and
can help identify the onset of
stroke more quickly:

26.  :

 History collection
 Physical examination;
 CT scan
 MRI
 Blood Tests
 Carotid us
 Cerebral angiogram
 Echocardiogram

29. Presented by
Samreen Laghari

41. REDUCING TONE
 A goal of stroke physical therapy
interventions has been to “normalize tone to
normalize movement.”
 Therapy modalities for reducing the
muscle tone include streching,prolonged
Streching, passive manipulation by
therapists, weight bearing, ice, contraction
of muscles antagonistic to spastic muscles,
splinting, and casting.