Health psychology is the study of how psychological, behavioral, and social factors influence health and illness. It applies principles of psychology to understand how the mind and body interact. Health psychologists work to promote well-being and prevent or treat illness using psychological and behavioral strategies. Stress is a major factor that can directly or indirectly impact health through behaviors and physiological responses. The body's reaction to stress is regulated by the sympathetic nervous system, which triggers the fight-or-flight response. Chronic stress can negatively impact the immune system and increase risks of health issues like heart disease and cancer over time if not managed properly. Coping strategies like cognitive appraisal, social support, relaxation techniques, and physical activity can help moderate the effects of stress.

2. SUBMITTED TO:
PROF. AGNES MONTALBO
RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
SUBMITTED BY:
THERESE PATRICIA TUAZON
ROCHELLE VELASCO
CHRISTINE VILLARAZA
DYNA VILLAREAL

5. -- Health psychology, branch of psychology that studies the
relation between psychological variables and health,
reflects the view that both mind and body are important
determinants of health and illness.
-- A closely related fields , behavioral medicines, applies
psychology to manage medical treatment, and combines
behavioral and biomedical knowledge for the prevention
and treatment of illness ordinarily thought as being within
the domain of medicine.

6. Health psychologists
-They are the psychologists who strive to understand how
biological, behavioral, and social factors influence
health and illness.
-They use their knowledge of psychology and health to
promote general well-being and understand physical
illness.
-They use their system skills to try to improve the
healthcare .

7. Psychological factors that can affect health
Directly Indirectly
 Psychological
factors can affect
health directly (such
as stress causing
the release of
hormones such
as cortisol which
damage the body
over time)
Person's own
behavior choices
which can harm or
protect health (such
as smoking or
taking exercise).

9. STRESS
Comes from the latin word “stringere”
means “to draw tight”
A persons response to a stressor such as
an environmental condition or a stimulus.
Stress is a body’s way to react to a
challenge. According to the stressful
event, the body’s way to respond to stress
is by sympathetic nervous
system activation which results in the fight-
or-flight response. Stress typically
describes a negative condition or a
positive condition that can have an impact

10. Also known as stressors
Events or situations that are perceived
harmful, threatening or challenging.
Activators are situations that have the
potential to disrupt a persons
emotional or mental state.

11. EUSTRESS and distress
EUTRESS
positive events that can also produce
stress.
DISTRESS
Negative events that can produce stress.
( e.g. birth of a child, getting married,
receiving an unexpected promotion)

12. 1. It produces a state of overload. It is so
intense that the person can no longer adapt
to or even withstand it.
2. It brings out incompatible tendencies. It
evokes tendencies both to approach and to
avoid some object or activity. It may create
confusion whether to attain a goal or not.
3. It is uncontrollable. There are events
beyond the limits of control such as stress
brought about by natural disasters and
calamities.

13. Fact :
We can control how we
respond to stress.

15. CATASTROPHIC EVENTS
 Stress that are unpredictable.
Large scale events such as war
and a natural disaster that every
people involved appraise it as
life-threatening .
Example : tsunami, earthquake

16. SIGNIFICANT LIFE CHANGES
 This can be either positive or negative major
life changes such as :
-- death of a loved one
-- marriage
-- divorce

17. DAILY HASSLES
• Refers to everyday annoyances.
Examples :
• Traffic
• rush

19. STRESS, HEALTH AND COPING
Prepared by:
Therese Patricia I. Tuazon
BS.PSYCHOLOGY

20. Intervening Factors to Stress
A lot of Psychological, Social and even
Physical stimuli may produce STRESS
only if you perceive them as
STRESSFUL. People respond differently
even if presented with the same stimuli;
therefore, some people are more likely
to perceive many stimuli more
STRESSFUL than others.

21. Appraisal
It greatly depends upon the extend of the
environmental demand and the amount
of resources that an individual has
available to cope with that demand

22. Perceived Control
The term locus of control refers people’s perception of weather or
not they have control over circumstances in their lives.
External Locus: control tend to believe that fate, luck or other people control circumstances.
Internal Locus: control is associated with better physical and emotional health.

23. Internal Conflict a situation which pulls them between
two or more opposing desires, motives
or goals.
Three Form of Conflict:
Approach – Approach Conflict . A win – win situation whereby people have to choose
between two equally desirable.
Avoidance – Avoidance Conflict. A lose – lose situation and typically stressful is when a
person has to choose between two undesirable options.
Approach Avoidance Conflict. a win - lose situation and a very stressful one that
occurs when people have to decide on whether to do something that has both positive
and negative features.

24. Personality Types Some people behave as though they were
dedicated to the continuous creation of
their own stress through the type A and
type B pattern.
Type A: people have type A
personality pattern are highly
driven, competitive,
impatient and aggressive.
They feel rush and under
pressure.
Type B: people have type B
personality pattern are more
relaxed and focused on the
quality of life, they are less
ambitious, less impatient and
pace themselves.

25. Social Support
Many studies show that having good social support
correlates with better physical and mental health.

26. Physiology of Stress
When exposed to
stressed, people
generally
experience many
physiological
reactions. When a
person feels in
danger whether it
is imagined for
the real-the
body`s systematic
reaction will be
activated and
mobilizes.

27. General Adaption Syndrome
Phase I or 1st Stage : Alarm phase.
Phase II or 2nd Stage: Resistance phase
Phase III or 3rd Stage: Exhaustion phase

28. Major Effects of
Stress

32. *Stress and the immune system
functioning
How does stress produce such
effects?
By exhausting our resources and keeping us off
balance physiologically, stress upsets our complex
internal chemistry. In particular, it may interfere with
efficient operation of our immune system.

33. Immune system –
the bodily system that protects the body from
foreign substances, cells, and tissues by producing the
immune response and that includes especially the
thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, and special deposits of
lymphoid tissue.
It is the process through which our bodies
recognize and destroy potentially harmful substances
and intruders such as bacteria, viruses, and cancerous
cells.

34. Thymus -"educates" T-lymphocytes (T
cells), which are critical cells of the adaptive immune
system.
Spleen - is an organ found in virtually
all vertebrateanimals. Similar in structure to a
large lymph node, it acts primarily as a blood filter
Lymph Nodes - is an oval-shaped organ
of the immune system, distributed widely throughout the
body including the armpit and stomach and linked
by lymphatic vessels.

35. Lymphoid tissue - cells and organs that
make up the lymphatic system, such as
white blood cells (leukocytes), bone marrow, and
the thymus, spleen, andlymph nodes.
Antigens – foreign substance that enter our
body. When they appear, certain types of white blood
cells (lymphocytes) begin to multiply. These attack the
antigens, often destroying them by engulfing them.

37. Studies of the effects of stress on animals
and humans suggest that a variety of stressors,
including distruptions in interpersonal
relationships, loneliness, academic pressure,
daily hassles, and the lack of social support,
can interfere with our immune system.

40. Depression appears to be a stressor that
increases the likelihood of heart disease. People
with depression have a faster heartbeat when at
rest and tend to have high blood preasure (
kosslyn && Rosenberg, 2003). Chronic wear and
tear on the cardiovascular system can lead to
heart damage, which can lead to sudden death
from inadequate blood supply to the heart
muscle or from irregular electrical firing of the
muscle, preventing coordinated heartbeats.

44. Personality factors have been linked to risk for
coronary heart disease ( CHD). These personality
characteristics have been collectively labelled type A
personality. The hostility factor has been indicated as
the most important predicator in this cluster of
behaviors.

45. Emotional reactions also ca trigger
cardiac symptoms in patients with stable
coronary disease. Depressive disorders
may also be a risk factor for heart
disease, with some studies showing that
the risk of CHD is doubled with
depression.

47. is a group of illness in which proliferating cells
overwhelm normal tissues, is often viewed as a physical
illness with a definite genetic component – individuals
from families with high cancer rates.

48. “ Stress is a part of life and no
one can escape from it. “
Presently, there is no proof that stress is a direct
cause of cancer. But evidence is accumulating that
there are some links between stress and developing
certain kinds of cancer, as well as how the disease
progress.

49. According to Dr. Lorenzo Cohen, assistant
professor of behavioural sciences at the university of
texas, M.D Anderson Cancer Center, the reason why
stress may be associated to cancer is because when
individuals are under pressure they make poor choices
and judgments. These people begin to practice
unhealthy life styles such as smoking, alcohol,
drinking, stop exercising and eating unhealthy foods.

52. "This is our temporary home.
It's not where we belong.
Windows and rooms that we're passin'
through.
This is just a stop, on the way to where we're
going.
I'm not afraid because I know this is our
Temporary Home."
Old man, hospital bed,
The room is filled with people he loves.
And he whispers don't cry for me,
I'll see you all someday.
He looks up and says, "I can see God's face."
"This is my temporary Home
It's not where I belong.
Windows and rooms that I'm passin' through.
This was just a stop,on the way to where I'm
going.
I'm not afraid because I know... this was
My temporary home."
• Temporary Home
• Little boy, 6 years old
A little too used to bein' alone.
Another new mom and dad,another school,
Another house that'll never be home.
When people ask him how he likes this place...
He looks up and says, with a smile upon his face,
"This is my temporary home
It's not where I belong.
Windows and rooms that I'm passin' through.
This is just a stop, on the way to where I'm going.
I'm not afraid because I know this is my
Temporary Home."
Young mom on her own.
She needs a little help, got nowhere to go.
She's lookin' for a job, lookin' for a way out,
Because a half-way house will never be a home.
At night she whispers to her baby girl,
"Someday we'll find our place here in this world."

54. Two ways of coping with stress :
1. Direct coping
*Confrontation
*Compromise
*Withdrawal

55. DEFENSE MECHANISM EXAMPLE
Denial, refusal to acknowledge a painful or
threatening reality
Rather than contend with the painful emotions
about her cancer diagnosis Gina acted matter-of -
factly as though she were unaffected
Repression excluding uncomfortable thoughts ,
feelings and desires from consciousness
A student, forgets that the difficult term paper
due
Regression, reverting to childlike behavior and
defenses
an adolescent cries when not allowed to attend
the party
Intellectualization, thinking abstractly about
stressful problems as away of detatching oneself
from them
Rather than focus on upsetting aspects as placing
her mother in a home for the aged, Danielle spoke
at length about the limitation of the SSS
Reaction formation, expression of exaggerated
ideas and emotions that are the opposite of one's
repressed beliefs or feelings
Jairus, who was secretly addicted to pornography,
publicly criticized his daughter's high school
teacher for assigning classis novel with a sexual
theme
Displacement, shifting repressed motives and
emotions from an original object to a substitute
object
Mrs. Enriquez picks a fight with her spouse after
being criticized sharply by her supervisor
Sublimation, redirection of repressed motives and
feelings into more socially acceptable channels
Andrew, who is a hostile person, becomes a
champion in taekwondo

56. • Cognitive appraisal
is an assessment of a
situation that helps determine how
stressful situation will be.
• -Support Groups
• -Hardiness

57. -Timing
-Optimism
-Progressive Relaxation
-Meditation
-Biofeedback
-Humor
-Physical Exercise