Ganslandt and Bergquist presentation 22 February 2017 at Green Data Center Conference in San Diego and Di Data Center Conference in Stockholm #GDCON #didatacenter #cloudcomputing

1. Strategies for
Hyperscale Data Centers to
Approach Net Zero
Gustav Bergquist and Mattias Ganslandt
22 February 2017

2. Table of Content
1. Why Data Center Energy Matters
2. Hyperscale as a Catalyst
3. From Unsustainable to Sustainable
4. Still Room for Improvement
5. Technological Change Drives Efficiency
6. Net Zero: A Basic Definition
7. To Connect or to Disconnect
8. Infrastructure as a Net Zero Strategy
9. Solar as a Net Zero Strategy
10. The Critical Choices
11. Location: Markets Conducive for Renewables
12. Technology: Energy Recycling
13. Usage: Gains from Trade
14. Future Technologies and Opportunities
15. Conclusions

3. Why Data Center Energy Matters
Electricity used in global data centers
accounted for 1.1%-1.5% in 2010 (Koomey,
2011).
In 2014, data centers in the U.S. consumed
an estimated 70 TWh of electricity (Shehabi
et al, 2016)
The IT sector consumed approximately 7.4%
of global electricity in 2012 (Corcoran &
Andrae, 2013)

4. Hyperscale as a Catalyst
Server utilization >50%
PUE <1.2
Rapid growth
100% renewable commitment
Geographically mobile
Research & development
Leadership by major cloud
companies has been an
important catalyst among a
much broader range of
corporations to adopt 100%
renewable goals. (Greenpeace,
2017)
Projected U.S. Data Center Total Electricity Use, Shehabi et al (2016

5. From Unsustainable to Sustainable
Current
Natural gas
Free cooling
History
Coal
Cooling Machines
Future
Renewables
Recycling

6. Still Room for Improvement
Coal represents 41% of the World’s Electricity Generation Close to 100% of Heat from Data Centers is Wasted

7. Technological Change Drives Efficiency
Heat
Pumps
CHP
Heat
Reuse
Data
Center
Heat
Recovery
Heat
Recovery
Renewable
fuels
Efficient
Cooling
Machine
Cond.
Power
Data
Center
Heat
Rejection
Heat
Rejection
Fossil
fuels
Inefficient

8. Net Zero Energy Buildings: A Basic Definition
”An NZEB produces as much as or more energy than it uses annually and exports
excess RE generation to the utility (electricity grid, district hot water system, or
other central energy distribution system) to offset the energy used.”
NREL (2010)

9. To Connect or to Disconnect
Markets
Scale Economies
Proven technology
Heat recovery
Independence
Locational flexibility
Infrastructure
savings
Direct current

10. Infrastructure as a Net Zero Strategy
(NZEB:D)
DC
Wind Power
16,3 TWh
Hydro Power
74,8 TWh
District Energy
45,9 TWh
Data Center

11. Solar as a Net Zero Strategy (NZEB:B)
1.400 cabinets x 7 kW
10 MW data center
14.000 Tesla Powerwall 2
160 MWh battery bank
228.500 PV Panels
57 MW park
Data Center Cooling
87.600.000 kWh/yr heat rejection

12. The Critical Choices
Technology
Multisite computing
zones
Hyper scale
Heat recovery as cooling
Energy storage
Location
Renewable energy supply
Infrastructure for
recycling
Fiber for exports
Long term stability
Operation
High load factor
Temperature optimization
Capacity at work
Price response

13. Location: Markets Conducive for Renewables
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027
¢/kWh
* Including tax for 0,5 MW+ data centers from January 1, 2017
and electricity distribution
Data Center Electricity Cost in Stockholm*
4.5 ¢/kWh
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
0 20 40 60 80 100
¢/kWh
TWh / year
Supply Curve Wind Power in Sweden

14. HP HP HP
Technology: Energy Recycling
Hyperscale heat recovery
Proven heat pump technology
Net reduction of electricity use
Design for high temp and delta
Geothermal storage
Direct air as emergency cooling

15. Usage: Gains from Trade
Data
Center
MWh
Energy storage plays a critical role
in future markets with high share
of renewables
Data Centers have capacity to
mitigate unbalances and to offer
grid services
Local production can be a
substitute for distribution
Higher capacity utilization
and potentially higher share of
renewables

16. Future Technologies and Opportunities
Warm water Fuel cellsGreenhouses

17. Conclusions
1. Hyperscale data centers play a vital role for energy efficiency
2. Renewable electricity use and energy recycling can increase
3. Approaching net zero is non-trivial but feasible
4. Carbon footprint is determined by location, technology and
operations
5. For wind and heat recovery go north – for solar go south
Thank you!

18. Contact details
Mattias Ganslandt, PhD
Chief Executive Officer
Mobile: +46 705 194 524
mattias.ganslandt@multigrid.net
www.linkedin.com/in/mattiasganslandt
Gustav Bergquist
COO and Executive VP
Mobile: +46-735-130-090
gustav.bergquist@multigrid.net
www.linkedin.com/in/gustavbergquist
More information:
www.multigrid.net
Twitter:
@multigrid_net

19. “Every man thus lives by
exchanging.”
- Adam Smith