As an entry mode, strategic alliance is an informal or formal arrangement between two or more companies, who watch complementary strengths to achieve common business objectives.
1. The document discusses various factors that impact organizational structure for global companies, including degree of international operations, products, market size, human resources, and goals.
2. There are different types of organizational structures including product, geographic, functional, market, and matrix structures. Product structure groups divisions by product while geographic structure groups them by region.
3. The document also covers considerations for controlling a global organization through developing standards, measuring performance, analyzing deviations, and effective communication systems.
According to a survey of 47 men, 27 said they do not think it is gay to engage in activities typically associated with women. The document discusses concepts of masculinity and femininity based on surveys given to men about their views on gender norms. In general, over half of men surveyed did not see enjoying women's activities as threatening their masculinity.
The document discusses a study that investigated people's self-identified gender orientation and their results on the Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) test. The study hypothesized that most females would identify as feminine and most males as masculine, but the BSRI results would show no gender patterns. It conducted surveys of 25 people, finding that most females identified as feminine but males were split between masculine and androgynous. The results did not correlate with gender, supporting the hypothesis for females but neither supporting nor refuting it for males.
This document appears to be a student paper with the authors listed as Nicole Clark and Ashley Nance. It was submitted to a Mrs. Lang for a 5th hour class.
The presentation is part of Gender and Media course under Department of Women's Studies at Goa University. The lesson discusses how media portrays femininity and masculinity. What roles, behaviours, and gender relations of women and men are repeatedly shown in the mass media. How does it differ from the ‘real women and men’?
This document provides a summary of a lecture on masculinity and femininity. It discusses:
1) Where gender studies has been, from the study of women to theories of gender. It also discusses the sex/gender distinction and gender socialization.
2) The content of the current lecture, including where gender systems come from, unpacking gender systems through examining beliefs and practices, and examples of gender systems and their changing nature over time.
3) Examples of how gender beliefs can affect evaluations of people's skills and products, and an example of how economic crisis in Russia marginalized men both in and out of the home.
This document summarizes research on perceived differences between male and female brains and behaviors. It discusses common stereotypes that males are more logical/independent while females are more emotional/relationship-focused. Surveys found most people believe males are smarter but females believe they are smarter. Activities like sports are often seen as masculine while nurturing roles are seen as feminine.
This document discusses culture and cultural diversity. It defines culture and identifies some key dimensions of cultural variation, including individualism vs collectivism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance, and masculinity vs femininity. It also discusses frameworks for analyzing culture like Hofstede's cultural dimensions and Trompenaars' cultural orientations. Specific cultural differences between countries like the US, Japan and Germany are examined across these dimensions. The impact of culture on areas like decision making, risk tolerance, and rewards is covered.
1. The document discusses various factors that impact organizational structure for global companies, including degree of international operations, products, market size, human resources, and goals.
2. There are different types of organizational structures including product, geographic, functional, market, and matrix structures. Product structure groups divisions by product while geographic structure groups them by region.
3. The document also covers considerations for controlling a global organization through developing standards, measuring performance, analyzing deviations, and effective communication systems.
According to a survey of 47 men, 27 said they do not think it is gay to engage in activities typically associated with women. The document discusses concepts of masculinity and femininity based on surveys given to men about their views on gender norms. In general, over half of men surveyed did not see enjoying women's activities as threatening their masculinity.
The document discusses a study that investigated people's self-identified gender orientation and their results on the Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) test. The study hypothesized that most females would identify as feminine and most males as masculine, but the BSRI results would show no gender patterns. It conducted surveys of 25 people, finding that most females identified as feminine but males were split between masculine and androgynous. The results did not correlate with gender, supporting the hypothesis for females but neither supporting nor refuting it for males.
This document appears to be a student paper with the authors listed as Nicole Clark and Ashley Nance. It was submitted to a Mrs. Lang for a 5th hour class.
The presentation is part of Gender and Media course under Department of Women's Studies at Goa University. The lesson discusses how media portrays femininity and masculinity. What roles, behaviours, and gender relations of women and men are repeatedly shown in the mass media. How does it differ from the ‘real women and men’?
This document provides a summary of a lecture on masculinity and femininity. It discusses:
1) Where gender studies has been, from the study of women to theories of gender. It also discusses the sex/gender distinction and gender socialization.
2) The content of the current lecture, including where gender systems come from, unpacking gender systems through examining beliefs and practices, and examples of gender systems and their changing nature over time.
3) Examples of how gender beliefs can affect evaluations of people's skills and products, and an example of how economic crisis in Russia marginalized men both in and out of the home.
This document summarizes research on perceived differences between male and female brains and behaviors. It discusses common stereotypes that males are more logical/independent while females are more emotional/relationship-focused. Surveys found most people believe males are smarter but females believe they are smarter. Activities like sports are often seen as masculine while nurturing roles are seen as feminine.
This document discusses culture and cultural diversity. It defines culture and identifies some key dimensions of cultural variation, including individualism vs collectivism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance, and masculinity vs femininity. It also discusses frameworks for analyzing culture like Hofstede's cultural dimensions and Trompenaars' cultural orientations. Specific cultural differences between countries like the US, Japan and Germany are examined across these dimensions. The impact of culture on areas like decision making, risk tolerance, and rewards is covered.
Masculinity is defined as focusing one's passion and intensity on love, health, and finance. The document provides an introduction to the topic of defining masculinity and includes an index pointing to a section on what masculinity is.
The document discusses organizational structure and culture. It covers factors that influence organizational structure choice like the environment, strategy, technology, and human resources. It also describes different types of structures including functional, divisional, matrix, and hybrid structures. Additionally, it discusses job design, authority allocation, integrating mechanisms, sources of organizational culture, and characteristics of strong versus weak cultures.
Strategic alliances allow companies to achieve goals that single organizations cannot accomplish alone. They involve cooperative relationships between independent organizations to mutually benefit as long as it is economically viable. Alliances can help companies reduce costs, gain access to new technologies and markets, and improve research efforts. However, they also come with coordination challenges and less profitability than mergers. The document outlines the meaning, need, stages of formation, types, advantages, disadvantages and failure reasons for strategic alliances between organizations.
The document discusses the four types of gender for nouns in English - masculine, feminine, common, and neuter. Masculine nouns denote males, feminine nouns denote females, common nouns can be either male or female, and neuter nouns refer to objects and places without gender. Examples of nouns of each gender type are provided.
This document discusses gender in English nouns and pronouns. It notes that nouns fall into three categories: masculine, feminine, and neuter. Masculine nouns denote males, feminine nouns denote females, and neuter nouns can denote either gender or objects. Some nouns have distinct male and female versions, while others are made feminine by adding suffixes like "-ess". It provides many examples of nouns and their male and female counterparts. The document concludes by noting some nouns that are common to both genders.
Theories of Motivation - Overview of the Content Theories of Motivation Monica P
(MST) Advanced Administration and Supervision in Educational Practices
(class report(s)/discussion(s))
DISCLAIMER: I do not claim ownership of the photos, videos, templates, and etc used in this slideshow
Mercantilism encouraged exports and discouraged imports to accumulate wealth, usually in gold and silver. Adam Smith argued that free trade and specializing in absolute advantages benefits countries more. Comparative advantage theory extended this by showing even without absolute advantages, all countries gain from trade. Porter's diamond model explains how national competitive advantages arise from factor conditions, demand conditions, related/supporting industries, and firm strategy/rivalry within a country.
The document discusses the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) Matrix, which classifies businesses into four categories based on their relative market share and market growth rate. The four categories are stars, question marks, cash cows, and dogs. Stars have high market share and growth, while cash cows have high share but low growth. Question marks and dogs have low relative market share, with question marks in a high growth market and dogs in a low growth market. The BCG Matrix helps companies assess their product portfolios and allocate resources efficiently.
This document summarizes several theories of motivation:
- Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory proposes that people are motivated to fulfill basic physiological needs first before pursuing higher needs like esteem and self-actualization.
- Herzberg's two-factor theory distinguishes between intrinsic motivators related to the work itself and hygiene factors to prevent dissatisfaction.
- Equity theory suggests people are motivated to reduce inequities between their own inputs/outcomes and those of others through actions like changing effort levels or perceptions.
- Expectancy theory holds that motivation depends on expectations of attractive rewards resulting from performance.
- Porter-Lawler's model integrates content and process theories, proposing managers motivate
The document discusses the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) Matrix, which classifies business units into four categories based on their relative market share and market growth rate: Question Marks, Stars, Cash Cows, and Dogs. Question Marks have high growth but low market share, requiring high investment. Stars have high growth and market share but also require heavy investment. Cash Cows have low growth but high market share, generating cash with little investment. Dogs have low growth and market share and are cash traps. The BCG Matrix helps assess a product portfolio, cash demands, resource allocation, and divestment decisions.
Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory proposes that people are motivated to fulfill basic physiological needs before moving on to safety, social, esteem and self-actualization needs. Herzberg's two-factor theory distinguishes between motivators like achievement and responsibility that create job satisfaction, and hygiene factors like company policies that prevent dissatisfaction. Both theories have been widely studied but lack strong evidence and may oversimplify human motivation, which can vary between individuals and cultures. Overall, they recognize motivation as internal rather than dependent solely on external factors.
Leadership refers to the ability of an individual to influence others towards achieving a common goal. Effective leadership involves both managing tasks and developing relationships. There are various leadership styles such as authoritarian, democratic, and laissez-faire that differ in how decisions are made and involvement of group members. A leader's effectiveness also depends on contingencies like the situation and maturity of followers.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For more information about PECB:
Website: https://pecb.com/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/pecb/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PECBInternational/
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
Masculinity is defined as focusing one's passion and intensity on love, health, and finance. The document provides an introduction to the topic of defining masculinity and includes an index pointing to a section on what masculinity is.
The document discusses organizational structure and culture. It covers factors that influence organizational structure choice like the environment, strategy, technology, and human resources. It also describes different types of structures including functional, divisional, matrix, and hybrid structures. Additionally, it discusses job design, authority allocation, integrating mechanisms, sources of organizational culture, and characteristics of strong versus weak cultures.
Strategic alliances allow companies to achieve goals that single organizations cannot accomplish alone. They involve cooperative relationships between independent organizations to mutually benefit as long as it is economically viable. Alliances can help companies reduce costs, gain access to new technologies and markets, and improve research efforts. However, they also come with coordination challenges and less profitability than mergers. The document outlines the meaning, need, stages of formation, types, advantages, disadvantages and failure reasons for strategic alliances between organizations.
The document discusses the four types of gender for nouns in English - masculine, feminine, common, and neuter. Masculine nouns denote males, feminine nouns denote females, common nouns can be either male or female, and neuter nouns refer to objects and places without gender. Examples of nouns of each gender type are provided.
This document discusses gender in English nouns and pronouns. It notes that nouns fall into three categories: masculine, feminine, and neuter. Masculine nouns denote males, feminine nouns denote females, and neuter nouns can denote either gender or objects. Some nouns have distinct male and female versions, while others are made feminine by adding suffixes like "-ess". It provides many examples of nouns and their male and female counterparts. The document concludes by noting some nouns that are common to both genders.
Theories of Motivation - Overview of the Content Theories of Motivation Monica P
(MST) Advanced Administration and Supervision in Educational Practices
(class report(s)/discussion(s))
DISCLAIMER: I do not claim ownership of the photos, videos, templates, and etc used in this slideshow
Mercantilism encouraged exports and discouraged imports to accumulate wealth, usually in gold and silver. Adam Smith argued that free trade and specializing in absolute advantages benefits countries more. Comparative advantage theory extended this by showing even without absolute advantages, all countries gain from trade. Porter's diamond model explains how national competitive advantages arise from factor conditions, demand conditions, related/supporting industries, and firm strategy/rivalry within a country.
The document discusses the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) Matrix, which classifies businesses into four categories based on their relative market share and market growth rate. The four categories are stars, question marks, cash cows, and dogs. Stars have high market share and growth, while cash cows have high share but low growth. Question marks and dogs have low relative market share, with question marks in a high growth market and dogs in a low growth market. The BCG Matrix helps companies assess their product portfolios and allocate resources efficiently.
This document summarizes several theories of motivation:
- Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory proposes that people are motivated to fulfill basic physiological needs first before pursuing higher needs like esteem and self-actualization.
- Herzberg's two-factor theory distinguishes between intrinsic motivators related to the work itself and hygiene factors to prevent dissatisfaction.
- Equity theory suggests people are motivated to reduce inequities between their own inputs/outcomes and those of others through actions like changing effort levels or perceptions.
- Expectancy theory holds that motivation depends on expectations of attractive rewards resulting from performance.
- Porter-Lawler's model integrates content and process theories, proposing managers motivate
The document discusses the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) Matrix, which classifies business units into four categories based on their relative market share and market growth rate: Question Marks, Stars, Cash Cows, and Dogs. Question Marks have high growth but low market share, requiring high investment. Stars have high growth and market share but also require heavy investment. Cash Cows have low growth but high market share, generating cash with little investment. Dogs have low growth and market share and are cash traps. The BCG Matrix helps assess a product portfolio, cash demands, resource allocation, and divestment decisions.
Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory proposes that people are motivated to fulfill basic physiological needs before moving on to safety, social, esteem and self-actualization needs. Herzberg's two-factor theory distinguishes between motivators like achievement and responsibility that create job satisfaction, and hygiene factors like company policies that prevent dissatisfaction. Both theories have been widely studied but lack strong evidence and may oversimplify human motivation, which can vary between individuals and cultures. Overall, they recognize motivation as internal rather than dependent solely on external factors.
Leadership refers to the ability of an individual to influence others towards achieving a common goal. Effective leadership involves both managing tasks and developing relationships. There are various leadership styles such as authoritarian, democratic, and laissez-faire that differ in how decisions are made and involvement of group members. A leader's effectiveness also depends on contingencies like the situation and maturity of followers.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For more information about PECB:
Website: https://pecb.com/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/pecb/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PECBInternational/
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...