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User Story Writing
@tracey2106
What a user story isn’t
• It’s not a defect
• It’s not an accessibility issue
• It’s not a cross-functional
requirement, and
• It’s not an epic
Other types of stories
Epics
• Large stories that need to split
into smaller manageable chunks
• No magic formula about when a
story becomes an epic
• Short on detail – broad brush
approach
• Will take more than one sprint to
develop and test
Epic Template
Description
These are large features / stories that will take more than one sprint to implement – try to split where possible.
Add in a description of the feature that needs to be developed, what is the background of this issue
What is the value of this work
Priority
 High  Medium  Low - What is the reasoning behind the priority marking
User Story
• High level / broad brush user story
Approach
• What tools / techniques will be used - Knowledge gather / evaluate viable technologies / design workshop / discussion etc.
Outcome
• What happened?
• Where stories raised – where this happens show the links / references to the story cards and show the epic link reference on the card
Comments
Keep a record of the key events and decisions
Members
Who are the key people that will make this happen
Other types of stories
Spikes
• Investigating / researching an issue where the
approach isn’t known
• Start by thinking about how to tackle the
issue; knowledge gather, design workshops
etc.
• Might not have all the answers; you need to
start somewhere!
• Lots of conversations with a range of
stakeholders to understand the issue
• Need to time box and add the outcome / raise
Description
These are stories that need investigation / research possible approaches to resolve issues
Add in a brief description in plain English avoiding jargon wherever possible
There needs to be a deadline for resolution
Overview
• What is the high level objective of this piece of work
Approach
• What tools / techniques will be used
• Knowledge gather / evaluate viable technologies / design workshop / discussion etc.
Outcome
• What happened?
• Have cards been raised to action – if so add a link here. And move this card to done
• Or if it’s not going to be taken forward move the card to waste
Comments
Keep a record of the key events and decisions
Members
Who are the key people needed to make this happen?
Spike Template
Other types of stories
Defects
• Need to be agreed by the team it is
a defect, not just how we wish it
was working!
• Sets out the impact on the service as
a whole
• Use process flows and screen shots
to explain the issue – step by step
explanation of issue
• Provide revised/improved
Defect Template
Description
Only raise a card for a defect when it’s been agreed across the team; QA / Dev / BA / PO.
Must be prioritised by the PO before the work starts (and less priority work dropped!) and must added to the sprint
The description is written by the originator and should contain:
 Step by step explanation of the issue
 Attach any process flow / screen shots etc. that will further explain the issue
Impacts
• Add the impacts across the service
Acceptance Criteria
• How will you know when the issue is solved
• Use any standards / Definition of done to determine how the service should be performing
Comments
Keep a record of the key events and decisions
Members
Who are the key people needed to make this happen?
Other types of stories
Task
• Not a story at all it’s just a card
• A one off piece of work
• Need to have an end date when
action will be complete
• Checklist what you are going to do
• Record the outcome
Task Template
Description
These are one off tasks – if they are items that will be re-iterated than new cards need to be added each time (no hidden work). Need to determine
what the card is all about.
Best to try and use SMART (Specific Measurable Achievable Relevant and Time Boxed)
Link the task to an Epic if possible
Estimation
Try to estimate the size of the task
Checklist
• This is a list of the steps to get you to the outcome; in Jira you can add sub-tasks
Outcome
• What is it that you are trying to achieve, what’s the objective, when will you know it’s done?
Comments
Keep a record of the key events and decisions
Members
Who are the key people needed to make this happen?
What is a user story
It’s a promise of a
conversation:
What a user story is
User story
• A defined user need – this is a must;
why are you doing it?
• Start with the goal; don’t focus on
the “As a user…” syntax
• Describe what the feature will do
not how it will be implemented –
use simple language so everyone
understands the purpose
• Set out the value of the work
What does a user story look
like
What does a user story look
like
User story
• Size appropriately; if it can’t be done
in one sprint it’s probably an epic!
• Need to have robust acceptance
criteria through conversations to
ensure you know when it’s Done
• Add in detail as you go along, don’t
try to think of everything straight
away
• Don’t future proof as User Research
may push in a different direction
What does a user story look
like
• I - independent
• N - negotiable
• V - valuable
• E - estimable
• S - small
• T - testable
Story Template
Description
Every card should have a clear high-level description that briefly outlines the requirements of the card.
Write story using invest (Independent, Negotiable, Valuable, Estimatable, Small, Testable)
Try to link the card to:
 User need
 Business need
 Technical need
User Story
 Focus on the outcome / goal of the issue; use the Connextra syntax “As a user… I want.. so that..” if it helps
Content
 Where the card requires content, need to be clear what this is and add any screen shots / form of words where appropriate
Acceptance Criteria
 The “Given, when, then” format only needs to be used when there are several actions that need to happen in a scenario
 Otherwise it’s okay to keep acceptance criteria simple by using a validation / standards documentation
Comments
Keep a record of the key events and decisions
Members
Who are the key people needed to make this happen?
Any questions?
Any questions?
Let’s have a go at user stories
We’re going to compare and
improve the Amazon and
Argos website
Let’s have a go at user stories
• Get into two groups
• You have £150 to £200 to buy a
birthday present for a child
• You’re not sure what to get
• One group look at Amazon
and the other at Argos sites
Let’s have a go at user stories
• Concentrating on the goal of
each activity write a user story
• Think about INVEST
• Don’t worry too much about
the “ As a…” syntax
• Add an happy /sad face about
how you feel when carrying
out the task
Any questions?
Let’s compare
Any questions?
Thanks!

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Story writing

  • 2. What a user story isn’t • It’s not a defect • It’s not an accessibility issue • It’s not a cross-functional requirement, and • It’s not an epic
  • 3. Other types of stories Epics • Large stories that need to split into smaller manageable chunks • No magic formula about when a story becomes an epic • Short on detail – broad brush approach • Will take more than one sprint to develop and test
  • 4. Epic Template Description These are large features / stories that will take more than one sprint to implement – try to split where possible. Add in a description of the feature that needs to be developed, what is the background of this issue What is the value of this work Priority  High  Medium  Low - What is the reasoning behind the priority marking User Story • High level / broad brush user story Approach • What tools / techniques will be used - Knowledge gather / evaluate viable technologies / design workshop / discussion etc. Outcome • What happened? • Where stories raised – where this happens show the links / references to the story cards and show the epic link reference on the card Comments Keep a record of the key events and decisions Members Who are the key people that will make this happen
  • 5. Other types of stories Spikes • Investigating / researching an issue where the approach isn’t known • Start by thinking about how to tackle the issue; knowledge gather, design workshops etc. • Might not have all the answers; you need to start somewhere! • Lots of conversations with a range of stakeholders to understand the issue • Need to time box and add the outcome / raise
  • 6. Description These are stories that need investigation / research possible approaches to resolve issues Add in a brief description in plain English avoiding jargon wherever possible There needs to be a deadline for resolution Overview • What is the high level objective of this piece of work Approach • What tools / techniques will be used • Knowledge gather / evaluate viable technologies / design workshop / discussion etc. Outcome • What happened? • Have cards been raised to action – if so add a link here. And move this card to done • Or if it’s not going to be taken forward move the card to waste Comments Keep a record of the key events and decisions Members Who are the key people needed to make this happen? Spike Template
  • 7. Other types of stories Defects • Need to be agreed by the team it is a defect, not just how we wish it was working! • Sets out the impact on the service as a whole • Use process flows and screen shots to explain the issue – step by step explanation of issue • Provide revised/improved
  • 8. Defect Template Description Only raise a card for a defect when it’s been agreed across the team; QA / Dev / BA / PO. Must be prioritised by the PO before the work starts (and less priority work dropped!) and must added to the sprint The description is written by the originator and should contain:  Step by step explanation of the issue  Attach any process flow / screen shots etc. that will further explain the issue Impacts • Add the impacts across the service Acceptance Criteria • How will you know when the issue is solved • Use any standards / Definition of done to determine how the service should be performing Comments Keep a record of the key events and decisions Members Who are the key people needed to make this happen?
  • 9. Other types of stories Task • Not a story at all it’s just a card • A one off piece of work • Need to have an end date when action will be complete • Checklist what you are going to do • Record the outcome
  • 10. Task Template Description These are one off tasks – if they are items that will be re-iterated than new cards need to be added each time (no hidden work). Need to determine what the card is all about. Best to try and use SMART (Specific Measurable Achievable Relevant and Time Boxed) Link the task to an Epic if possible Estimation Try to estimate the size of the task Checklist • This is a list of the steps to get you to the outcome; in Jira you can add sub-tasks Outcome • What is it that you are trying to achieve, what’s the objective, when will you know it’s done? Comments Keep a record of the key events and decisions Members Who are the key people needed to make this happen?
  • 11. What is a user story It’s a promise of a conversation:
  • 12. What a user story is
  • 13. User story • A defined user need – this is a must; why are you doing it? • Start with the goal; don’t focus on the “As a user…” syntax • Describe what the feature will do not how it will be implemented – use simple language so everyone understands the purpose • Set out the value of the work What does a user story look like
  • 14. What does a user story look like User story • Size appropriately; if it can’t be done in one sprint it’s probably an epic! • Need to have robust acceptance criteria through conversations to ensure you know when it’s Done • Add in detail as you go along, don’t try to think of everything straight away • Don’t future proof as User Research may push in a different direction
  • 15. What does a user story look like • I - independent • N - negotiable • V - valuable • E - estimable • S - small • T - testable
  • 16. Story Template Description Every card should have a clear high-level description that briefly outlines the requirements of the card. Write story using invest (Independent, Negotiable, Valuable, Estimatable, Small, Testable) Try to link the card to:  User need  Business need  Technical need User Story  Focus on the outcome / goal of the issue; use the Connextra syntax “As a user… I want.. so that..” if it helps Content  Where the card requires content, need to be clear what this is and add any screen shots / form of words where appropriate Acceptance Criteria  The “Given, when, then” format only needs to be used when there are several actions that need to happen in a scenario  Otherwise it’s okay to keep acceptance criteria simple by using a validation / standards documentation Comments Keep a record of the key events and decisions Members Who are the key people needed to make this happen?
  • 18. Let’s have a go at user stories We’re going to compare and improve the Amazon and Argos website
  • 19. Let’s have a go at user stories • Get into two groups • You have £150 to £200 to buy a birthday present for a child • You’re not sure what to get • One group look at Amazon and the other at Argos sites
  • 20. Let’s have a go at user stories • Concentrating on the goal of each activity write a user story • Think about INVEST • Don’t worry too much about the “ As a…” syntax • Add an happy /sad face about how you feel when carrying out the task

Editor's Notes

  1. The main aim of this presentation is talk about user stores; however I will talk about other stories or cards as well
  2. Defects; where the story hasn’t passed acceptance testing / PO Review Accessibility; this is about making sure the service works on a variety of devices and browsers Cross – functional requirement; make sure it conforms with Gov.uk look and feel – lots of guidance on this Epics; this are just first ideas that need to be discussed and more than likely need to be broken down into manageable chunks Before going into what a user story is – let’s look how to write cards for “non user stories”
  3. Epics are just big stories There’s no magic formula about when a story becomes an epic A good rule of thumb is if it will take one or two sprints to develop and test These generally are short on detail so a high level/broad brush approach when thinking about the user story Will need to be split into smaller manageable chunks – so think about the approach you will take to get to the outcome
  4. These are stories where the approach to an issue or problem isn’t know There needs to be lots of conversations across stakeholders to determine how best to overcome the problem It’s best to start with a brief description and overview Think about how you will approach the issue; will it need knowledge gather, evaluation of viable technologies, design workshops or just a series of one to one discussions – all the above or a mixture – you might not have all the answers but you need to start somewhere! There needs to be a deadline to the work and you will need to add in the outcome; have cards been raised if so moved to done And if the investigation proved there isn’t any need to do anything the card should be moved to waste (it’s not a waste of time just an agile expression!)
  5. Only raise a defect when it’s agreed by the team that it is a defect – this isn’t when it’s not working how now feel would work better it’s about that what was agreed hasn’t been built Doesn’t have to be corrected if the PO doesn’t feel it’s a priority There needs to a step by step explanation of the issue Set out the impact on the service as a whole if appropriate Use process flows and screen shots to further explain the issue
  6. There needs to be an end date Have a checklist of what you’re going to do And you need to record the outcome of the task before moving it to done
  7. This was proposed by Ron Jeffries The card is a place to jot down a few ideas – not the detail; it’s a promise of a conversation – it’s a placeholder to talk about the requirement The conversation is all about collaborating to build what the user needs - this is a continual process and includes the three amigo process to formalise the acceptance criteria The confirmation is ensuring all the acceptance tests are passed – the software does what the user asked for and that story is truly done So it’s a unit of work that can be completed in one sprint – too small it’s a task too big and it’s an epic
  8. A conversation between the business (you as a BA) and developer So it can contain: A defined user need – it all starts from a defined user need The business rules; shared task list for non-developer work Functional scope High level narrative of the feature
  9. Try to size appropriately to ensure it can be completed within in a sprint – otherwise it’s an epic! - Use story points / Fibonacci; what the team feels comfortable with - it’s guess work and this will get better over time There are many ways to split stories – how long will it take and is it a story or an epic? Acceptance criteria – try to get these as tight as possible through the conversations, define the boundaries ; can be in gherkin (Given, when, then); need to be agreed as a team, what works for you. How will you know it’s doing what you intended? This will lead to the testing needed. Keep it simple; don’t try to get everything down straight away no one knows all the answers or even the questions that need to answered – work with stakeholders to ensure the business rules and user needs are set out as fully as possible – remember some of the NFR / standards can form part of definition of done. Don’t try to future proof as who knows what the next round of UR will throw up or what new business rules may need to be implemented Use backlog review to go through stories in detail and close off any open questions – get mock ups, add in BPM etc what ever refines the story
  10. Let’s get into a couple of groups Get up the Amazon / Argos website – The scenario is that you need to buy your child a birthday present for between £150 and £200…you’re not sure what to get. Concentrating on the goal of each activity write down user stories for what you are doing; Thinking about INVEST, use the template As a … if that’s helpful. What’s also helpful is to add an happy / sad face to the story so that we can get a feel for the user experience – experience mapping - as this can help determine which stories to prioritise to
  11. Let’s get into a couple of groups Get up the Amazon / Argos website – The scenario is that you need to buy your child a birthday present for between £150 and £200…you’re not sure what to get. What story as a group are we going to pick to improve the site or create an even better buying site?
  12. Concentrating on the goal of each activity write down user stories for what you are doing; Thinking about INVEST, don’t worry too much abut fitting the stories into the “As a user” template. What’s also helpful is to add an happy / sad face to the story so that we can get a feel for the user experience – experience mapping - as this can help determine which stories to prioritise on the back log. After 15 mins let’s share what we have and compare the UX. Get someone to feedback and explain the thinking behind the story. As a group does it fit the INVEST model What story as a group are we going to pick to improve the site or create an even better buying site?