Stone four corners monument
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The document discusses the history of establishing boundaries and surveying control stations in the Four Corners region where the borders of Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah intersect. It describes how the 32nd meridian west of the Washington Meridian, established by Congress in 1863, was used to separate Arizona and New Mexico, placing the boundaries approximately 3 miles farther west than if defined by the 109th meridian west of Greenwich. The document also summarizes multiple historical surveys around 1868-1901 that worked to further define and mark the borders between the four states in the Four Corners area.
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Stone four corners monument
- 1. Grand Junc*on Sept. 24, 2014
- 6. Four Corners Region – GPS Control Sta4ons
- 8. G e o d e t i c --------------
- 15. 109deg W 37deg N Four Corners 2.5 mi
- 17. Albuquerque Journal – April 30, 2009
- 18. Washington Meridian - Old Naval Observatory (1850-1912) 1863 Act of Congress Separated Arizona & New Mexico at 32nd Meridian West of Washington Meridian 77deg – 03min W (Greenwich)
- 19. The Washington Meridian ! established by Congress in 1850 ! longitude…it’s all about *me! ! telegraph: ! 1844 – Washington-‐Bal*more (“What hath God wrought?”) ! 1861 – trans-‐North America ! 1866 – trans-‐Atlan*c ! specified for astronomical & domes*c purposes -‐ (Greenwich for nau*cal & interna*onal purposes) ! defined by Old Naval Observatory in D.C. ! used for most Western State boundaries (not AK, CA, TX) ! 1884 Interna*onal Meridian Conference (D.C.) ! repealed by Congress in 1912 in favor of Greenwich
- 21. 11 miles 49.39 chains 32nd Meridian West of Washington Meridian (=109 deg – 03 min W) Chandler Robbins AZ-NM Survey
- 22. 1868: Ehud Darling – CO & NM Terr. 37 deg N la4tude 1875: Chandler Robbins – AZ & NM Terr.
- 24. “It seems to have been the general impression that the line was the 109 degrees of longitude west of Greenwich. Such is not the case, as the law makes it 32 degrees of longitude west from Washington, which corresponds to 109 degrees 02 minutes 59.25 seconds west from Greenwich, and which places the line a small fraction less than three miles farther west than would have been the case if it had been run as the 109 degrees of longitude.” Chandler Robbins, GLO Surveyor Le7er to the Editor -‐ Santa Fe New Mexican -‐ November 1, 1875
- 25. The Four Four Corners Surveys 1868: Ehud Darling – CO & NM Terr. 1878: Rollin Reeves – State of CO & UT Terr. 1901: Howard Carpenter – AZ & UT Terr. 1875: Chandler Robbins – AZ & NM Terr.
- 43. William Stone william.stone@noaa.gov “The location of anything is becoming everything.” ESRI 2009 User Conference Opening Plenary