Steps towards a bountiful corn harvest.ppt
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This document provides guidance on growing corn and includes the following key points: 1. Choose corn varieties that are adapted to the local climate and that have good potential yield, maturity, pest and disease resistance, and market demand. Both hybrid and open-pollinated varieties are recommended. 2. Prepare the land through plowing and making furrows for planting. 3. Apply recommended amounts of fertilizer, including organic and inorganic sources, based on soil analysis. Fertilizer should be applied at planting and as a sidedressing later in the growth cycle. 4. Plant corn at the recommended density, thinning excess plants later. Apply insecticide to prevent whorl maggot if needed.
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SEED PRODUCTION TECHNIQUES IN SUGARCANE.
Seed Production in Sugarcane
By Sahil Sahu, M.Sc. (Ag) 1st Year, Department of Seed Science and Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar
Introduction
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Land Requirements and Pollination
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Planting and Seed Treatment
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Harvesting and Field Standards
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The main production countries are China, India, Indonesia, Bangladesh, Viet Nam. Becides the Asian countries, rice is also welcomed as staple food in South America and Africa countries.
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Usually, the emergence of grassy weed is ealier than other types of weeds and the damage is heavier. Echinochloa spp is a big problem as main grassy weed in rice field.
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E-mail: susan@profirst.biz ; agsale@profirst.biz
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Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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- 2. 1. CHOOSE THE RIGHT VARIETY Photo: S. Palizada
- 3. • Consider the local cropping pattern and crop adaptability to local climatic condition • Potential yield • Maturity and resistance to insect pests and diseases • Viability of the seeds - to avoid thinning and expensive replanting • Market demand
- 4. Corn Varieties Open-Polllinated Varieties (OPV): • IPB Var. 4 • IPB Var. 6 • IPB Var. 9 • IPB Var. 10 • IES- 8906 • VM 2 • USM Var. 10 • USM Var. 5 • TRADITIONAL VARIETIES •Tacuro , Kabagtik, Tiniguib, etc. HYBRIDS: • PIONEER 30M50 • PIONEER 30B80 • PIONEER 30W40 • PIONEER 30B29 • DEKALB 9051 • DEKALB 818 • GSI 40 • CHINESE (ZF) • ACM 8000
- 6. In areas with continuous growing of corn • 1st plowing after harvest • 2nd plowing 14 days prior to planting • Make furrows at the day of planting 75 cm. apart at 8 cm. depth
- 7. • 1st plowing • 2nd plowing 15 days from 1st plowing • 3rd plowing 30 days from the 2nd plowing • Make furrows a day or at the day of planting 75 cm apart at 8 cm depth In newly open areas potential for corn
- 9. • Apply recommended rate of fertilizer, organic + inorganic combination or inorganic alone • Based on soil analysis • For hybrid corn - 96-69-60 kgs NPK/ha + 20 bags organic fertilizer • For OPV - 74-28-28 kgs NPK/ha + 10 bags organic fertilizer
- 10. • Basal (at planting) – 20 bags organic fertilizer – 3 bags di-ammonium phosphate (18-46-0) – 1 bag Urea (46-0-0) Hybrid: Fertilizer Application time
- 11. • Basal (at planting) • 10 bags organic fertilizer/ha • 3 bags complete fertilizer (14-14-14) OPV: Fertilizer application time
- 12. • Cover the fertilizer with thin layer of soil of about 2 cm (to avoid fertilizer burn on the seeds) • Normal soil pH for corn 5.5 - 7.5 • If soil pH is below 5.5, liming is necessary at 2.0 - 3.0 t/ha to be applied at least 4 weeks before planting
- 13. 4. PLANTING
- 14. • For Hybrid = 18 kgs. per hectare • Planting Distance: 20 - 25 cm between hills at one seed per hill • 20 cm x 75 cm : 63,333 hills/ha • 25 cm x 75 cm : 53,333 hills/ha Seed requirement per hectare for Hybrid
- 15. • For OPV = 20 kgs. per hectare • Planting Distance : 25 cm per hill at one seed per hill • At 10 - 15 days from sowing, apply insecticide to prevent whorl maggot Seed requirement per hectare for OPV
- 16. • If the number of growing plants is beyond the expected, uproot the excess ones carefully • Do shallow cultivation or off-barring to control weeds 5.THINNING, CULTIVATION AND WEEDING (20 DAP)
- 17. • Apply the remaining dose of recommended fertilizer 25 - 30 days after planting (DAP) • Hilling-up to cover the fertilizer applied 6. SIDEDRESSING & HILLING- UP
- 18. • Sidedress ( 4 weeks after sowing or at knee high) – 2 bags urea (46-0-0) – 2 bags muriate of potash (0-0-60) – Mix the fertilizer on the day of fertilizer application – Cover the fertilizer right away (to avoid Nitrogen loss) Hybrid: 2nd Fertilizer Application
- 19. • 2 bags urea (46-0-0) • 1 bag complete fertilizer (14-14-14) • Mix well the fertilizer • Apply fertilizer 6 c.m. away on both side of the plants • Cover the fertilizer by hilling-up OPV: 2nd Fertilizer Application
- 20. Photo: S. Palizada • Corn borer infestation – Apply biological control by using Trichogramma Cards ( 50 - 100 cards/ha) – Detasseling 75% ( 3 rows detasseled: 1 row intact) – Synchronous planting ( Plant at same time your neighbor does. Avoid planting late. 7. PEST, WEEDS AND DISEASE CONTROL
- 21. • Spot weeding to control weeds. Take care not to injure the plants Weed Control
- 22. • Immediately remove and burn infected leaves or plant parts (Chlorotic streak, stalk rot, downy mildew, mosaic, etc.) Disease Control
- 23. 8. HARVESTING (95-110 days after planting) • Harvest at appropriate stage depending on the maturity of your variety or hybrid • 90-95 days- early maturing • 105-110 days- full season • Ready for harvesting when black layer develops at the grain’s point of attachment to the cobs • Kernels are glazed • Leaves and husks are dry
- 24. 9. POSTHARVEST • After harvest, promptly dry corn ears to 18% moisture content prior to shelling 2-3 days • Mechanical drying 6-8 hours • Dry shelled kernels to at least 14% moisture content for better storage • Corn standard that will command a higher price : 97% purity, 3% immature seeds, and >5% damage kernels