Presentation by Stephen Aldridge, Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government, UK at the OECD Workshop on Spatial Dimensions of Productivity, 28-29 March 2019, Bolzano.
More info: https://oe.cd/GFPBolzano2019
Douglas Sutherland - Spatial mobility of workers – Evidence from the United S...OECD CFE
Presentation by Douglas Sutherland at the OECD Workshop on Spatial Dimensions of Productivity, 28-29 March 2019, Bolzano.
More info: https://oe.cd/GFPBolzano2019
Mauro Pisu - The effect of public sector efficiency on firm-level productivit...OECD CFE
Presentation by Mauro Pisu, OECD at the OECD Workshop on Spatial Dimensions of Productivity, 28-29 March 2019, Bolzano.
More info: https://oe.cd/GFPBolzano2019
Alessandra Faggian -The impact of external knowledge sourcing on innovation o...OECD CFE
Presentation by Alessandra Faggian, Gran Sasso Science Institute, L’Aquila, Italy at the OECD Workshop on Spatial Dimensions of Productivity, 28-29 March 2019, Bolzano.
More info: https://oe.cd/GFPBolzano2019
Presentation by Clément Mazet-Sonilhac, Banque de France at the OECD Workshop on Spatial Dimensions of Productivity, 28-29 March 2019, Bolzano.
More info: https://oe.cd/GFPBolzano2019
Claire Lelarge - What productivity impact to expect from high-speed rail infr...OECD CFE
Presentation by Claire Lelarge, RITM Université Paris-Sud, Paris, France at the OECD Workshop on Spatial Dimensions of Productivity, 28.28 March 2019, Bolzano.
More info: https://oe.cd/GFPBolzano2019
Alexander Lembcke - Roads, market access and regional economic development OECD CFE
Presentation by Alexander Lembcke, OECD at the OECD Workshop on Spatial Dimensions of Productivity, 28-29 March 2019, Bolzano.
More info: https://oe.cd/GFPBolzano2019
Guido de Blasio -Incentives to local public service provision: An evaluation ...OECD CFE
Presentation by Guido de Blasio, Bank of Italy at the OECD Workshop on Spatial Dimensions of Productivity, 28-29 March 2019, Bolzano.
More info: https://oe.cd/GFPBolzano2019
Philip McCann - Cities, Regions & ProductivityOECD CFE
Presentation by Philip McCann, University of Sheffield, UK at the OECD Workshop on Spatial Dimensions of Productivity, 28-29 March 2019, Bolzano.
More info: https://oe.cd/GFPBolzano2019
Douglas Sutherland - Spatial mobility of workers – Evidence from the United S...OECD CFE
Presentation by Douglas Sutherland at the OECD Workshop on Spatial Dimensions of Productivity, 28-29 March 2019, Bolzano.
More info: https://oe.cd/GFPBolzano2019
Mauro Pisu - The effect of public sector efficiency on firm-level productivit...OECD CFE
Presentation by Mauro Pisu, OECD at the OECD Workshop on Spatial Dimensions of Productivity, 28-29 March 2019, Bolzano.
More info: https://oe.cd/GFPBolzano2019
Alessandra Faggian -The impact of external knowledge sourcing on innovation o...OECD CFE
Presentation by Alessandra Faggian, Gran Sasso Science Institute, L’Aquila, Italy at the OECD Workshop on Spatial Dimensions of Productivity, 28-29 March 2019, Bolzano.
More info: https://oe.cd/GFPBolzano2019
Presentation by Clément Mazet-Sonilhac, Banque de France at the OECD Workshop on Spatial Dimensions of Productivity, 28-29 March 2019, Bolzano.
More info: https://oe.cd/GFPBolzano2019
Claire Lelarge - What productivity impact to expect from high-speed rail infr...OECD CFE
Presentation by Claire Lelarge, RITM Université Paris-Sud, Paris, France at the OECD Workshop on Spatial Dimensions of Productivity, 28.28 March 2019, Bolzano.
More info: https://oe.cd/GFPBolzano2019
Alexander Lembcke - Roads, market access and regional economic development OECD CFE
Presentation by Alexander Lembcke, OECD at the OECD Workshop on Spatial Dimensions of Productivity, 28-29 March 2019, Bolzano.
More info: https://oe.cd/GFPBolzano2019
Guido de Blasio -Incentives to local public service provision: An evaluation ...OECD CFE
Presentation by Guido de Blasio, Bank of Italy at the OECD Workshop on Spatial Dimensions of Productivity, 28-29 March 2019, Bolzano.
More info: https://oe.cd/GFPBolzano2019
Philip McCann - Cities, Regions & ProductivityOECD CFE
Presentation by Philip McCann, University of Sheffield, UK at the OECD Workshop on Spatial Dimensions of Productivity, 28-29 March 2019, Bolzano.
More info: https://oe.cd/GFPBolzano2019
Alexandert Himbert - Trade facilitation and spatial patterns of economic acti...OECD CFE
Presentation by Alexandert Himbert, OECD at the OECD Workshop on Spatial Dimensions of Productivity, 28-29 March 2019, Bolzano.
More info: https://oe.cd/GFPBolzano2019
Jonathan Timmis - Cloud computing and firm growthOECD CFE
Presentation by Jonathan Timmis, University of Nottingham, UK at the OECD Workshop on Spatial Dimensions of Productivity, 28-29 March 2019, Bolzano.
More info: https://oe.cd/GFPBolzano2019
What are the challenges in measuring pulic sector efficiency? - Julian Kelly,...OECD Governance
This presentation was made by Julian Kelly, United-kingdom, at the 37th Annual Meeting of OECD Senior Budget Officials held in Stockholm on 9-10 June 2016
Alexandert Himbert - Trade facilitation and spatial patterns of economic acti...OECD CFE
Presentation by Alexandert Himbert, OECD at the OECD Workshop on Spatial Dimensions of Productivity, 28-29 March 2019, Bolzano.
More info: https://oe.cd/GFPBolzano2019
Jonathan Timmis - Cloud computing and firm growthOECD CFE
Presentation by Jonathan Timmis, University of Nottingham, UK at the OECD Workshop on Spatial Dimensions of Productivity, 28-29 March 2019, Bolzano.
More info: https://oe.cd/GFPBolzano2019
What are the challenges in measuring pulic sector efficiency? - Julian Kelly,...OECD Governance
This presentation was made by Julian Kelly, United-kingdom, at the 37th Annual Meeting of OECD Senior Budget Officials held in Stockholm on 9-10 June 2016
Public Sector Productivity - Ronnie Downes and Sean Dougherty, OECDOECD Governance
This presentation was made by Ronnie Downes and Sean Dougherty, OECD, at the 38th Annual Meeting of OECD Senior Budget Officials held in Lisbon, Portugal, on 1-2 June 2017
Productivity and public sector performance - Christian Kastrop, OECD SecretariatOECD Governance
Presentation by Christian Kastrop, OECD Secretariat, at the 11th annual meeting of the OECD Senior Budget Officials Performance and Results network, Paris, 26-27 November 2015.
Presentation by Christian Kastrop on 'Productivity and Public Sector Performa...OECD Governance
This presentation by Christian Kastrop, Director, Policy Studies Branch, Economics Department, OECD, was made at the joint meeting of the Senior Budget Official Performance and Results Network and the Public Employment and Management Expert meeting on 26 November 2015. For further information, please see http://www.oecd.org/gov/pem/.
Ecb working paper 242 public sector efficiency an international comparisonPiet De Pauw
This paper compares the efficiency of the different states. This comparison is relative. States with the highest degree of freedom seem to have the highest efficiency.
The power of productivity and uk prosperityross harling
Aside from Covid & Brexit, UK productivity growth is a major business challenge that can restrict the economy for years to come. Companies need an innovative approach & new skils
This study aims to analyze the level of efficiency of local government health sector sending during
the Covid-19 pandemic and productivity in the health sector. The measurement of efficiency and productivity
values was obtained using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Malmquist Productivity Index (MPI)
analysis methods. The assumptions used are Variable return to scale (VRTS) and output oriented. The results of
the study indicate
Fiscal space and the composition of public finances - Jean-Marc Fournier, OECDOECD Governance
This presentation was made by Jean-Marc Fournier, OECD, at the 9th Annual Meeting of the OECD network of Parliamentary Budget Officials and Independent Fiscal Institutions held in Edinburgh, Scotland, on 6-7 April 2017.
Recent Developments and Future Challenges of Integrated Care in Europe and Northern America
The International Network of Integrated Care, The Julius Center of the University Medical Center Utrecht and the University of Southern Denmark - 11th International Network of Integrated Care
Evaluation of Integrated Care: From methods to governance and applications
To understand the real impact of ICT within health care adopting a single analytical approach is inadvisable and that insight into the overall effects of ICT is best gained from consideration of a mix of study types
User satisfaction and administrative simplification within the perspective of...ePractice.eu
Authors: Wauters Patrick, Barbara Lörincz
Whilst it is difficult to quantify past -and often huge- eGovernment investments as inputs into the eGovernment value chain, it is increasingly important to justify spending (and for some public administrations to justify their mere existence) by demonstrating impact, may it be related to effectiveness or efficiency.
Spending reviews - Stefan Kiss, Slovak RepublicOECD Governance
This presentation was made by Stefan Kiss, Slovak Republic, at the 3rd Health Systems Joint Network meeting for Central, Eastern and South-eastern European Countries held in Vilnius, Lithuania, on 25-26 April 2019
Servizio Civile Universale - Serena SUSIGANOECD CFE
Presentazione di Serena Susigan, Direttrice, ENDO-FAP, Servizio Civile Universale Don Orione, Liguria, all'evento OCSE "Scegliere il Servizio Civile Universale: un dialogo sulle opportunità di impiego dei giovani in Italia", tenutosi a Trento il 6 febbraio 2024.
Maggiori informazioni: https://www.oecd.org/cfe/leed/oecd-ucs-6-feb.htm
Servizio Civile Universale - Federica DE LUCAOECD CFE
Presentazione di Federica De Luca, Ricercatrice all’Istituto Nazionale per l’Analisi delle Politiche Pubbliche (INAPP), Referente di progetto “Monitoraggio e Valutazione del Servizio Civile Universale”, all'evento OCSE "Scegliere il Servizio Civile Universale: un dialogo sulle opportunità di impiego dei giovani in Italia", tenutosi a Trento il 6 febbraio 2024.
Maggiori informazioni: https://www.oecd.org/cfe/leed/oecd-ucs-6-feb.htm
Servizio Civile Universale - Cristina PASCHETTAOECD CFE
Presentazione di Cristina Paschetta, Responsabile Progettazione, gestione bandi e volontari, accreditamento nuove sedi, Consorzio Monviso solidale, Piemonte, all'evento OCSE "Scegliere il Servizio Civile Universale: un dialogo sulle opportunità di impiego dei giovani in Italia", tenutosi a Trento il 6 febbraio 2024.
Maggiori informazioni: https://www.oecd.org/cfe/leed/oecd-ucs-6-feb.htm
FDI and Superstar Spillovers: Evidence from Firm-to-Firm Transactions - Amit...OECD CFE
FDI and Superstar Spillovers: Evidence from Firm-to-Firm Transactions
Mary AMITI (FED New York, United States)
Despite competition concerns over the increasing dominance of global corporations, many argue that productivity spillovers from multinationals to domestic firms justify pro-FDI policies. For the first time, we use firm-to-firm transaction data in a developed country to examine the impact of forming a new relationship with a multinational, and find a TFP increase of about 8% three or more years after the event. Sales to other buyers, trade and customer quality also increase. However, we also document that starting to supply other “superstar firms” such as those who heavily export or are very large also increases performance by similar amounts, even if the superstar is a non-multinational. Placebos on starting relationships with smaller firms and novel identification strategies relying solely on demand shocks to superstar firms support a causal interpretation. In addition to productivity spillovers, we document the transmission of “relationship capabilities” and “dating agency” effects as the increase in new buyers is particularly strong within the superstar firm’s existing network. These results suggest an important role for raising productivity through the supply chains of superstar firms regardless of their multinational status.
Find out more at https://oe.cd/spl-mtg
E-invoicing data for functional territories definition: the use case of pharm...OECD CFE
E-invoicing data for functional territories definition: the use case of pharmacies
Maria AURINDO (National Institute of Statistics, Portugal)
The presentation illustrates how a new Business-to-Consumer (B2C) database extracted from the Portuguese E-invoice system can be an important tool to explore the functional territories concept taking the pharmacies catchment areas as an example. The discussion addresses data integration methodological options and how Statistics Portugal infrastructural information domains – Business register, Building and fraction register and Population register – were crucial for this exercise, developed within the CE-SIG – Map of facilities and services project.
Find out more at https://oe.cd/spl-mtg
Mapping location and co-location of industries at the neighborhood level - A...OECD CFE
Mapping location and co-location of industries at the neighborhood level
Alessandro ALASIA, Dennis HUYNH (Statistics Canada)
In Canada, there is limited analysis on industry locations at the neighbourhood level; location and co-location of industries have been assessed primarily at the regional scale which results in an information gap for businesses. Recent evidence suggests that businesses do not just choose a city for their location, they choose specific business districts within a metropolitan area. Recent improvements in the geolocation of business microdata allow to address the information gap. This work, undertaken as part of the Business Data Lab and in collaboration with the Canadian Chamber of Commerce, is a first attempt to map industry locations at the neighbourhood level in major metropolitan areas of Canada. Using establishment-level microdata from the Business Register, we apply spatial kernel density estimations to identify neighbourhoods with high employment/revenue density for selected industries (2-digit NAICS) and industry clusters (grouping of 6-digits NAICS). The geographic delineation of business districts within metropolitan areas is the first step in understanding the evolution of industry location and co-location over time, and assessing local business dynamics at the neighbourhood level. Ultimately, these business districts can be analyzed in combination with additional data sources (e.g., mobility and road traffic) to derive further economic insights.
Find out more at https://oe.cd/spl-mtg
Advancing and democratizing business data in Canada- Patrick Gill & Stephen TappOECD CFE
Democratizing data through innovative data governance and visualizations
Patrick GILL, Stephen TAPP (Chambers of Commerce, Canada)
Small organizations in Canada struggle with accessing and leveraging data on business conditions and trends. These organizations have expressed difficulty in knowing what is available, accessing it and converting this information into actionable insights. To empower small organizations with more business-related information and insights, the Canadian Chamber of Commerce has built a suite of free tools that merge and visualize traditional statistics with powerful high-frequency data sets (e.g. payments and mobility). This work is enabled by innovate data governance (e.g. a data trust) and a collaborative partnership with Statistics Canada. The Canadian Chamber of Commerce is continuing work with Statistics Canada to release more local business information available through the agency’s Business Register (e.g. the mapping of local business districts), and is exploring how Generative AI can support small organizations’ navigation and understanding of the business information it has curated.
Find out more at https://oe.cd/spl-mtg
Firm-level production networks: evidence from Estonia - Louise GuillouetOECD CFE
The market microstructure of industrial ecosystems in the digital and green transitions: evidence from Estonia
Louise GUILLOUET (Science, Technology and Innovation Directorate, OECD)
Thanks to a unique combination of administrative and survey data matched to the Estonian VAT data, this project studies how information on transaction data can shed light on industrial policy making, through two different angles: 1/ Improving the understanding of the production network, industrial ecosystems and the relevant unit of analysis for industrial policy design and 2/ An application to the diffusion of the green and digital transitions, showing the role of production network in technology diffusion and how this can be leveraged to increase policy effectiveness.
Find out more at https://oe.cd/spl-mtg
Horizon 2020 - research networks across borders - Rupert KawkaOECD CFE
Involvement of rural regions in European research networks
Rupert KAWKA, Torsten SCHUNDER (Federal Office for Building and regional Planning, Germany)
This study investigates the distribution of the European Union's Horizon 2020 funding programme on rural and urban regions between 2014 and 2020 and the resulting urban-rural links. Leveraging the Horizon 2020-database covering the 2014-20 programming period, which encompasses data on approximately 35,000 funded projects involving nearly 180,000 partners, the paper explores the participation of rural firms and organisations in the broader European research framework. By integrating the urban-rural classification of NUTS 3 regions, the research addresses key questions concerning the involvement of rural regions in Horizon 2020 projects, the structural differences in projects with and without rural participation, and the dynamics of urban-rural collaboration in research. The study further aims to identify potential clusters of rural innovation hubs across Europe and assess spatial disparities.
Find out more at https://oe.cd/spl-mtg
How can the social and solidarity economy help refugees along their journey?OECD CFE
Forcibly displaced people fleeing violent conflict and other forms of persecution find support from the social and solidarity economy (SSE) along their pathways, from their country of origin to asylum protection. The numbers are growing and new OECD work sheds light on how the specific values and characteristics of SSE entities provide high-quality responses to refugee needs and facilitate integration in host communities.
The SSE can support access to rights, empowerment, social and labour market inclusion of refugees. Join this webinar with the UNHCR, SINGA and NESsT Poland to discover how the SSE plays a role in the steps along the way of refugee’s journey.
Data-driven regional productivity scorecards in the United Kingdom - Raquel O...OECD CFE
Presentation by Raquel Ortega-Argilés, Professor of Economics, Manchester University and Director of the Productivity Laboratory, The Productivity Institute, United Kingdom at the 21st OECD Spatial Productivity Lab meeting on "Rebooting regional productivity: from analysis to policy", held in virtual format on 18 October 2023.
This webinar focused on recent initiatives from the Basque Country in Spain, the United Kingdom, and Trentino in Italy, where the analysis of subnational economic data is used to compare productivity performance across regions, understand which economic and social factors drive regional productivity, and how regional productivity links to other economic and social outcomes.
More OECD information: https://oe.cd/SPL
Visit our website: www.oecd.org/cfe
Follow us on Twitter: @OECD_local
Competitiveness for Wellbeing - Basque Country - James Wilson.pdfOECD CFE
Presentation by James Wilson, Research Director, Orkestra, Basque Institute for Competitiveness, Spain at the 21st OECD Spatial Productivity Lab meeting on "Rebooting regional productivity: from analysis to policy", held in virtual format on 18 October 2023.
This webinar focused on recent initiatives from the Basque Country in Spain, the United Kingdom, and Trentino in Italy, where the analysis of subnational economic data is used to compare productivity performance across regions, understand which economic and social factors drive regional productivity, and how regional productivity links to other economic and social outcomes.
More OECD information: https://oe.cd/SPL
Visit our website: www.oecd.org/cfe
Follow us on Twitter: @OECD_local
The productivity board of the autonomous province of Trento - Carlo Menon.pdfOECD CFE
Presentation by Carlo Menon, Economist, Trento Centre for Local Development, CFE, OECD at the 21st OECD Spatial Productivity Lab meeting on "Rebooting regional productivity: from analysis to policy", held in virtual format on 18 October 2023.
This webinar focused on recent initiatives from the Basque Country in Spain, the United Kingdom, and Trentino in Italy, where the analysis of subnational economic data is used to compare productivity performance across regions, understand which economic and social factors drive regional productivity, and how regional productivity links to other economic and social outcomes.
More OECD information: https://oe.cd/SPL
Visit our website: www.oecd.org/cfe
Follow us on Twitter: @OECD_local
Rafforzare il partenariato e la cooperazione internazionale in Friuli Venezia...OECD CFE
Presentazione di Mattia Corbetta, Policy Analyst al Centro OCSE di Trento per lo Sviluppo Locale per il lancio del rapporto OCSE "Rafforzare il partenariato e la cooperazione internazionale in Friuli Venezia Giulia", 4 ottobre 2023, Trieste.
Maggiori informazioni www.trento.oecd.org
Immersive technologies and new audiences for classical ballet-RogersOECD CFE
Presentation by Tom Rogers, Creative Digital Producer, Birmingham Royal Ballet, United Kingdom at the 6th Summer Academy on Cultural and Creative Industries and Local Development "Disrupting tradition: How digital technology is changing the cultural and creative processes", 18-20 Sept. 2023 ONLINE and 27-29 Sept. 2023 ONSITE (Trento, Italy).
More info: https://oe.cd/sacci
Visit our website: www.oecd.org/cfe
Follow us on Twitter: @OECD_local
Data-driven art residencies to reshape the media value chain-BlotOECD CFE
Presentation by Manon Blot, Project Manager, Cultural and Artistic activities and EU projects, France at the 6th Summer Academy on Cultural and Creative Industries and Local Development "Disrupting tradition: How digital technology is changing the cultural and creative processes", 18-20 Sept. 2023 ONLINE and 27-29 Sept. 2023 ONSITE (Trento, Italy).
More info: https://oe.cd/sacci
Visit our website: www.oecd.org/cfe
Follow us on Twitter: @OECD_local
Presentation by Lara Assi, United Kingdom, & Natalie Lama, Jordan at the 6th Summer Academy on Cultural and Creative Industries and Local Development "Disrupting tradition: How digital technology is changing the cultural and creative processes", 18-20 Sept. 2023 ONLINE and 27-29 Sept. 2023 ONSITE (Trento, Italy).
More info: https://oe.cd/sacci
Visit our website: www.oecd.org/cfe
Follow us on Twitter: @OECD_local
Presentation by Harry Verwayen, General Director, Europeana Foundation, the Netherlands at the 6th Summer Academy on Cultural and Creative Industries and Local Development "Disrupting tradition: How digital technology is changing the cultural and creative processes", 18-20 Sept. 2023 ONLINE and 27-29 Sept. 2023 ONSITE (Trento, Italy).
More info: https://oe.cd/sacci
Visit our website: www.oecd.org/cfe
Follow us on Twitter: @OECD_local
What is the point of small housing associations.pptxPaul Smith
Given the small scale of housing associations and their relative high cost per home what is the point of them and how do we justify their continued existance
Russian anarchist and anti-war movement in the third year of full-scale warAntti Rautiainen
Anarchist group ANA Regensburg hosted my online-presentation on 16th of May 2024, in which I discussed tactics of anti-war activism in Russia, and reasons why the anti-war movement has not been able to make an impact to change the course of events yet. Cases of anarchists repressed for anti-war activities are presented, as well as strategies of support for political prisoners, and modest successes in supporting their struggles.
Thumbnail picture is by MediaZona, you may read their report on anti-war arson attacks in Russia here: https://en.zona.media/article/2022/10/13/burn-map
Links:
Autonomous Action
http://Avtonom.org
Anarchist Black Cross Moscow
http://Avtonom.org/abc
Solidarity Zone
https://t.me/solidarity_zone
Memorial
https://memopzk.org/, https://t.me/pzk_memorial
OVD-Info
https://en.ovdinfo.org/antiwar-ovd-info-guide
RosUznik
https://rosuznik.org/
Uznik Online
http://uznikonline.tilda.ws/
Russian Reader
https://therussianreader.com/
ABC Irkutsk
https://abc38.noblogs.org/
Send mail to prisoners from abroad:
http://Prisonmail.online
YouTube: https://youtu.be/c5nSOdU48O8
Spotify: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/libertarianlifecoach/episodes/Russian-anarchist-and-anti-war-movement-in-the-third-year-of-full-scale-war-e2k8ai4
Many ways to support street children.pptxSERUDS INDIA
By raising awareness, providing support, advocating for change, and offering assistance to children in need, individuals can play a crucial role in improving the lives of street children and helping them realize their full potential
Donate Us
https://serudsindia.org/how-individuals-can-support-street-children-in-india/
#donatefororphan, #donateforhomelesschildren, #childeducation, #ngochildeducation, #donateforeducation, #donationforchildeducation, #sponsorforpoorchild, #sponsororphanage #sponsororphanchild, #donation, #education, #charity, #educationforchild, #seruds, #kurnool, #joyhome
Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
Presentation by Jared Jageler, David Adler, Noelia Duchovny, and Evan Herrnstadt, analysts in CBO’s Microeconomic Studies and Health Analysis Divisions, at the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists Summer Conference.
Understanding the Challenges of Street ChildrenSERUDS INDIA
By raising awareness, providing support, advocating for change, and offering assistance to children in need, individuals can play a crucial role in improving the lives of street children and helping them realize their full potential
Donate Us
https://serudsindia.org/how-individuals-can-support-street-children-in-india/
#donatefororphan, #donateforhomelesschildren, #childeducation, #ngochildeducation, #donateforeducation, #donationforchildeducation, #sponsorforpoorchild, #sponsororphanage #sponsororphanchild, #donation, #education, #charity, #educationforchild, #seruds, #kurnool, #joyhome
ZGB - The Role of Generative AI in Government transformation.pdfSaeed Al Dhaheri
This keynote was presented during the the 7th edition of the UAE Hackathon 2024. It highlights the role of AI and Generative AI in addressing government transformation to achieve zero government bureaucracy
ZGB - The Role of Generative AI in Government transformation.pdf
Stephen Aldridge -Public sector efficiency in the UK
1. Presentation for workshop on Spatial Dimensions of
Productivity organised by the OECD Global Forum on
Productivity and the OECD Spatial Productivity Lab
OECD Trento Centre, Bolzano, Italy
28-29th March 2019
Stephen Aldridge
Director for Analysis and Data
Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government
UK
PUBLIC SECTOR EFFICIENCY IN THE UK
1
3. The UK has a strong track record in public
sector efficiency measurement and analysis
3
1998: Direct measures of government outputs included in UK National Accounts.
2003: National Statistician commissions the economist Tony Atkinson to review the measurement of
government output in the National Accounts.
2004: First public service productivity statistics on health care released.
2005: Atkinson Review: Final Report published; UK Centre for the Measurement of Government Activity
(UKCeMGA) established in the Office for National Statistics (ONS); first education productivity article
released.
2006: Public service productivity articles for adult social care and social security administration released.
2009: First total public service productivity article released. UKCeMGA merged with National Accounts having
implemented 90% of recommendations.
2014: Cross-departmental analysts’ group on public sector efficiency established (Public Sector Efficiency
Group).
2015: Public Sector Efficiency Group produces papers and report for the 2015 Spending Review.
2016: ONS establish public sector efficiency measurement unit.
2017: Publication of Sir Michael Barber’s Public Value Review and Public Value Framework.
5. The purpose of this presentation is…
5
• to offer a clear definition of public sector efficiency
• to set out why public sector efficiency is important
• to spell out the challenges to measuring public sector efficiency
• to explain what public sector activities we’re interested in
• to set out what the data shows for a selection of public services
• to summarise the key drivers of public sector efficiency and some examples
of what can be done
• to offer some thoughts on next steps
7. What do we mean by public sector efficiency?
7
Public sector efficiency refers to the process of turning pubic money into
desired outcomes
Public
Money
Inputs
Inputs
Outputs
Outputs
Desired
Outcomes
Economy
How cheaply are the inputs
being purchased?
Productivity
How much output is produced for
each unit of input?
Effectiveness and resilience
How do the outputs affect desired
outcomes?
Technical Efficiency
How well are inputs turned into outputs?
Allocative
Efficiency
Are the right
outputs being
produced?
Allocative Efficiency
Public Sector Efficiency
Relevant to the entire process of turning public money into desired outcomes
The Public Sector/Service Production Process
A simplified model of how public money is turned into inputs, outputs and outcomes
8. What do we mean by public sector efficiency?
Technical efficiency
‘Doing things right’
Doing the things we currently do
either at less cost, or getting
more outputs from what we
currently do at the same cost, or
some combination of the two.
Allocative efficiency
‘Doing the right things’
Finding wholly different ways of
achieving desired outcomes – at
less or substantially less cost.
Service transformation is crucial
to allocative efficiency and
unlocking transformational
improvements in efficiency.
8
Public sector efficiency can be defined in two distinct ways: technical and
allocative
Inputs Inputs Inputs
Outputs Outputs Outputs
Desired Outcomes
Alternative ways of achieving desired outcomes
10. Why is public sector efficiency important?
It matters to the difference the public
sector and public services make to
outcomes the public and policy makers
are concerned about:
- Health
- Educational attainment
- Public safety
- Etc.
10
It matters to productivity in the wider
economy
Giordano et al’s IMF working paper
suggests firms in an Italian province with
above median public sector efficiency
achieve higher levels of output per Euro
spent on salaries (+11%)
Source: Does Public Sector Inefficiency Constrain Firm Productivity: Evidence
from Italian Provinces by R Giordano, S Lanau, P Tommasino, and P
Topalova, IMF Working Paper, WP/15/168, July 2015
It matters to the burden of taxation and
fiscal sustainability
The more efficiently services are
provided, all other things being equal, the
greater the fiscal sustainability
1pp p.a.
increase in public sector productivity
growth
=
64% of GDP
reduction in public sector net debt
2.7% increase p.a.
Public Sector Net Debt as a % of GDP in the UK under different rates of public
sector productivity growth
Source: Office for Budget Responsibility, 2013
11. WHAT ARE THE CHALLENGES
IN MEASURING PUBLIC
SECTOR EFFICIENCY?
11
12. What are the challenges in measuring
public sector efficiency?
12
While all efficiency data available are imperfect and subject to caveats, none of the
problems around defining and measuring efficiency are insurmountable.
Analysing public sector efficiency poses a number of measurement challenges
Public
Money
Inputs Outputs Desired
Outcomes
The ONS has produced guidance on what data
is needed to construct a cost weighted index
of inputs and outputs that can be used to
construct an efficiency index.
How can we attribute changes in
outcomes to changes in outputs?
Especially when changes in
outcomes may take time to
happen
How do we define and
measure the quality of
outputs?
How do we turn cost and
price data into volumes of
inputs and outputs?
Problems
Potential
Solutions
How do we ensure
consistency in
measuring costs?
When outcomes are affected by many factors (e.g. health), quality adjustment
can be used to account for the effectiveness of the outputs produced. A range
of methods exist to measure quality, e.g. QALYs, or client satisfaction.
Where the outcome is a public good (e.g. defence) assessing the impact of
outputs on outcomes is more difficult, and may require an interdisciplinary
approach – for example, using an independent risk based assessment.
Consistency Costs into volumes
ONS Guidance
Quality Attribution
Quality adjustment & public goods
14. What public sector activities are we interested in?
• Back office services including Human Resources and Finance.
• Transactional services including benefit administration and tax
collection.
• Front line public services including schools, policing, health, social
care, etc.
14
Public sector activities can be broken down into three broad categories:
back office, transactional and front line
The efficiency of back office and transactional services is more readily
measurable (if not without challenges) but by far the greatest public
sector spend is on frontline services.
16. What do the data show?
(a) Across the public sector as a whole
16
Total economy productivity
Inputs: Hours worked
Outputs: Gross Domestic Product
Market sector productivity
Inputs: The volume of labour (adjusted for the
skill mix of the workforce), and the volume of
capital used.
Outputs: Total economic output of the market
sector (measured by Gross Value Added, GVA).
Total public services productivity
Inputs : Inputs can be broken down into three
components. They are labour, intermediate
consumption (expenditure on goods and services)
and consumption of fixed capital.
Outputs: are measured in one of 4 ways:
(a) outputs are assumed to equal inputs (e.g.
defence spending) – 38% of total
(b) quality adjusted outputs equal inputs – 3%
(c) quantity alone – 12% (e.g. social security
administration and children’s social care)
(d) quality adjusted – 47%
Over the longer term, private sector productivity has grown faster than
public sector productivity, but since 2010 the reverse has been true
80
90
100
110
120
130
Index,1997=100
Productivity, Index 1997=100
Market sector
productivity
Total public services
productivity
Total economy
productivity
Total economy
productivity
Market sector
productivity98
100
102
104
106
108
Index,2010=100
Productivity, Index 2010=100
Total public services
productivity
Source: ONS
https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/economicoutputandproductivity/publicservicesproductivity/datasets/
growthratesandindicesfortotalpublicserviceoutputinputsandproductivitytable1
17. Quality
adjustment
begins
What do the data show?
(b) Health services
17
Much of the historic productivity
increase has been driven by reduced
average length of hospital stay and
shifting activity to day cases. This allows
fewer beds and nurses per episode, though
the average acuity of patients in hospital
increases.
A combination of pay restraint, improved
labour productivity, centralised
procurement, reduced use of agency
staff, the abolition of some tiers of
management and greater use of generic
drugs have delivered significant efficiency
savings over the past 7-8 years.
Productivity
growth rates
(p/a) Health
Total
Economy Public Sector
1997 to 2007 0.8% 2.1% 0.0%
2007 to 2016 1.2% 0.2% 0.6%
1997 to 2016 1.0% 1.2% 0.3%
Inputs : Inputs to publicly-funded health
care have three components: labour,
purchases of goods and services and
consumption of fixed capital.
Outputs : Healthcare output is measured
as the quantity of healthcare delivered,
adjusted for changes in the quality of
delivery. Outputs include hospital inpatient,
outpatient and day case episodes, family
health services, including General
Practitioner (GP) services, prescribing –
includes all drugs prescribed by General
Practitioners and non-NHS provision
funded by government.
Quality is measured using survival
rates/health gain, waiting times and
surveys of patient experience
Source: ONS
(https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/economicoutputandproductivity/publicservicesproductivity/artic
les/publicservicesproductivityestimatestotalpublicservices/2016)
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
280
300
Index,1995/96=100
UK health care inputs, quality adjusted output
and productivity
Quality adjusted
productivity
Inputs
Quality adjusted
outputs
18. What do the data show?
(c) Schools*
18
The wider evidence base suggests
changes in school performance are
heavily influenced by factors outside the
education system, such as parental
engagement and the home learning
environment.
Quality adjusted outputs
Quality adjusted
productivity
Inputs: Labour; purchases of goods and services;
capital services
Outputs: Total number of full time equivalent students
Quality adjustment: Number of individuals achieving
5 A*-C GCSE grades
Source: ONS
(https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/economicoutputandproductivity/publicservicesproductivity/datasets/publicserviceproductivityestimateseducation)
* Including further education and training of teachers
19. What do the data show?
(d) Adult Social Care
19
• Inputs include labour, intermediate consumption of goods and services, and capital used by local authorities in providing adult social care
services and care purchased by local authorities from independent sector providers.
• Outputs: For services where activity data are available, the quantity of adult social care output (weeks in care, meals provided etc.) is
measured by calculating the growth rates of different adult social care activities and weighting these by their unit costs.
• The quality adjustment is based on the concept of adjusted social care-related quality of life and produced using data from the Adult Social
Care Survey. This quality adjustment measures changes in how well care clients’ needs are met across domains of quality of life affected by
social care, while controlling for factors outside the control of adult social care services which may also affect quality of life.
Source: ONS
(https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/economicoutputandproductivity/publicservicesproductivity/articles/publicserviceproductivityadultsocialcareenglandfinancialyearen
ding2018/2019-02-06/relateddata)
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
1996/97 1999/00 2002/03 2005/06 2008/09 2011/12 2014/15 2017/18
Index,1996/97=100
UK adult social care inputs, output and productivity
Outputs
Quality adjustment begins
Productivity
Inputs
Part of the reduction in
productivity between
1996/97 and 2010/11
may be because the
output measure
makes no allowance
for quality over this
period. Where the
data are available
from 2010/11
onwards, quality-
adjusted productivity
does not fall.
No account is taken of
changes in clients’
needs (case mix) and
excludes non-Local
authority funded care
is excluded
20. What do the data show
(e) Local Government
20
64
65
66
67
70
72
17
16
12
13
13
13
18
19
22
19
16
13
0% 50% 100%
2018
2017
2016
2015
2014
2013
How satisfied or dissatisfied are
you with the way your local
council(s) runs things?
satisfied neither dissatisfied
Source: Local Government Association: Polling on resident satisfaction
with councils, 2018 Source: MHCLG Revenue Outturn / Revenue Accounts data. Central Government
Grant exclude schools, public health and housing benefit
22. What we’ve done
22
The UK Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government
has recently analysed, in some detail, the technical efficiency of local
government. This focused on local authority expenditure on different
services per unit of output, adjusted for quality, i.e. a lower unit cost
represents (all else being equal) greater efficiency.
The analysis compares a local authority with similar local authorities
for service quality to assess the potential for efficiency savings. A
‘similar local authority’ is defined by controls for service quality, wage
levels and property costs
The analysis controls for different local authority wage and property
costs by including an Area Cost Adjustment. The quality measures
include, for example: children entering a child protection plan for a
second time, social care quality adjusted life years and roads
considered in need of maintenance.
23. 23
Service Area Net current
expenditure (16/17)
Share of
efficiency
savings
Adult Social Care £15bn 31%
Children’s Social Care £9bn 19%
Environmental protective and
cultural services excl. waste
& buses* £4bn 10%
Highway maintenance £2bn 10%
Waste* £3bn 9%
Planning & Development £1bn 8%
Corporate & Democratic* £1bn 4%
Homelessness <£1bn 3%
Fire & Rescue £2bn 3%
Subsidised buses £1bn 2%
What we’ve found
*Does not account for quality. For the purposes of illustration efficiency estimates have been halved
The scope for
efficiency
improvements
has been
estimated
assuming all
authorities
operate at the
median level of
efficiency of
similar
authorities
24. The scope for efficiency savings is not,
however, evenly distributed across local
authorities
24
Local authorities
The authorities with the greatest
potential for efficiency savings
vary from service to service
25. Our analysis also suggests that those
authorities that are relatively less efficient
tend to be those that are least resilient in
terms of financial sustainability
25
0
50
100150200
40 60 80 100 120 140
Responsibilities (%)
2019/20 assuming no efficiency savings 2019/20 with efficiency savings
Local Authority financial sustainability is
measured using two metrics:
(i) Financial reserves as a % of non-
discretionary spending (Reserves)
(ii) Level of spending on non-
discretionary activities as a % of
total core spending power
(Responsibilities)
Least financially
sustainable
*Core spending power measures the core revenue funding available for local authority services, including Council Tax and locally
retained business rates. Spending on non-discretionary activities can exceed 100% of core spending given funding from other sources
and reserves.
27. Benchmarking
Effective use of
ICT
Strengthened
incentives
Front-line
service
integration
Channel shift
Intelligent
outsourcing
New entry
competition/
market creation
Effective use of
data
Empowering
users: Co-
production &
co-design
Shared
services
Organisational
structure
Workforce
capability &
leadership
Markets & Competition
Service re-design & alternative
delivery mechanisms
Technology, Data & TargetingOrganisation & Workforce
Drivers of public sector efficiency – the key
factors
Cost
benchmarking
Holding down
pay
Prevention/
early
intervention
Reconfiguring
services
Sharing best
practice
Technological
advances
Hard budget constraints
+
spending flexibility
27
There is no efficiency ‘silver
bullet.’ There are many levers
that need to be pulled to
improve public sector
efficiency.
Pay systems
28. Some case studies
28
• Public Service Data Dashboards
• Benchmarking: The Model Hospital
• The London Rough Sleeping Social Impact Bond
• The Troubled Families Programme
• Preventative Health Care
• Predictive Analytics
29. Public Service Data Dashboards
A means of providing
information on inputs, outputs
and outcomes in one place
Numbers that Government
departments recognise
Timely data drawn together
by the Office for National
Statistics. Incorporating
impartial guidance on
interpretation and
comparison of statistics
Outcomes which map broadly
to Government’s single
departmental plans
What are they?
29
Which drivers of public sector
efficiency do they address?
Cost
benchmarking
Effective use of
ICT
Effective use of
data
What do they show?
Key data for four
Departments:
Department of Work
and Pensions,
Department of Health
and Social Care,
Department for
Education and Ministry
of Justice.
Source: ONS
30. Benchmarking: The Model Hospital
The Model Hospital is a free online digital service for National Health Service staff and leaders to help identify performance
variation and local opportunities to improve both productivity and quality on the National Health Service front line.
It breaks down key metrics across all the activity of an NHS service provider.
What is it?
Which drivers of public
sector efficiency does it
address?
Effective use of
data
Cost
benchmarking
What are the
benefits?
Helping to deliver an
estimated £1.45bn of
savings from 2017-18
Source: NHS Improvement.
Sharing best
practice
Identify your
opportunities to
improve
Understand the
drivers of your
opportunities
Identify areas for
action
Develop a plan
Best practice and
direct support
Tracking and
monitoring of
delivery
The model hospital online service allows a service provider to access the efficiency gains they
could realise if they performed as well as the median or better hospitals in their ‘peer group’
(hospitals with most similar attributes and context).
31. The London Rough Sleeping Social Impact Bond
The London rough sleeping SIB
was a four year programme
designed to bring new finance
and new ways of working to
improve the outcomes for a
cohort of rough sleepers whose
needs were not being met by
existing services.
It aimed to test if outcomes could
be improved through a payment
by results structure.
What is it?
31
Which drivers of public sector efficiency does it address?
Strengthened
incentives
Front-line service
integration
Effective use of
data
How was it evaluated?
Comparison of outcomes using
administrative data for SIB cohort
and control group. Assessment of
impact on rough sleeping and
wider outcomes.
Findings
The results show that, when compared to a well-matched comparison group, the
intervention significantly reduced rough sleeping over a two year period.
On average the intervention group (the SIB group) had significantly fewer
episodes of rough sleeping compared to the comparison groups.
After two years: the mean number of rough sleeping contacts for the SIB group
was 9.2 compared to 13.9 for the comparison group. 40% of the SIB cohort did not
sleep rough at all in the two years after the start of the intervention compared to
33% of the comparison group
Source: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/london-homelessness-social-impact-bond-evaluation
32. The Troubled Families Programme
Adults or children involved in crime or anti-
social behaviour
Children not attending school regularly
Adults out of work
Children who need help or are in need of or
subject to a child protection plan
Families affected by domestic violence and
abuse
Parents and children with a range of health
problems
32
What is it?
A programme that
aims to help families
placing high costs on
public services.
Programme runs
between 2015-
2020
Reaching 400k
families
Which drivers of public sector
efficiency does it address?
Strengthened
incentives
Front-line
service
integration
Effective use of
data
Workforce
capability &
leadership
Prevention/
early
intervention
Reconfiguring
services
Sharing best
practice
33. How has it been evaluated?
33
How is it being evaluated?
Which data is being linked?
What is the scale of the
administrative linked
data?
Impact Analysis using linked
administrative datasets to gather
outcome data on both an
intervention group and
comparison group.
Cost Benefit Analysis, applied
to the Impact Analysis findings,
using unit cost data on different
services and other evidence to
estimate public value and fiscal
benefits.
sentence
type
Police
National
Computer
National
Pupil
Database
Work &
Pensions
Longitudinal
Study
CRIME
EDUCATION &
CHILD
SAFEGUARDING
EMPLOYMENT
&
BENEFITS
convictions
sentence
length
in care
pupil referral
unit
educational
attainment
(KS1/2/3
scores)
exclusionsschool
absence
special
educational
needs
employment
type of
benefits
pay & tax
pensionstax credits
nature of
health
problems
295,435 families in total
46,907
families in the
comparison group
248,528
families in the
intervention group
864,205
individuals in the
intervention group
170,080
individuals in the
comparison group
In December 2017, around 295K
families were matched to
administrative datasets…
+ data from every upper tier local authority
34. 0.5%
0.6%
1.0%
1.3%
1.7%
0.5%
1.1%
1.6%
2.1%
2.5%
0.0%
0.5%
1.0%
1.5%
2.0%
2.5%
3.0%
0-6 months
pre
0-6 months 7-12
months
13-18
months
19-24
months
The Troubled Families Programme – Impact Analysis
34
Smaller proportion of Looked After Children in
intervention group than comparison group.
Intervention Comparison
95% confidence interval
Smaller proportion of adults given custodial
sentences in the intervention group in the two
years after joining the programme
Anytime within two years
after programme:
Custodial
sentence
Cautioned Convicted
Proportion of adult
offenders on the
programme
1.2% 1.9% 5.9%
Proportion of adult
offenders in the
comparison group
1.6% 2.2% 6.1%
Difference -0.4%*** -0.3% -0.3%
Note: statistically significant difference; *** p value <0.001.
%Childrenincare
These impacts are sufficient to produce outturn
monetised benefits greater than the costs
35. Preventative Health Care
Preventative health care is about stopping problems (e.g. by vaccination or stopping smoking); spotting problems early (e.g.
screening for illness); and maintaining independence (e.g. rehabilitation). The National Health Service currently spends
around £97bn on treatment and £8bn on preventative care.
What is it?
Which drivers of public sector efficiency does it address?
Effective use of
data
Cost
benchmarking
Prevention/ early
intervention
Technological
advances
Inputs
Doctors, medicines,
equipment, etc.
Outputs
GP visits, operations,
prescriptions, etc.
Outcomes
Patient experience,
QALYs etc.
What are the benefits?
It promotes improved allocative efficiency – shifting resources to more effective interventions
To become more
technically efficient, we
need to reduce input costs
and / or inputs per unit of
output.
To become more allocatively
efficient, we need to produce
more effective outputs and fewer
of the less effective ones.
It costs the National Health Service ~
£15k to produce one QALY. By
contrast public health interventions
have a QALY of around £8k – though
there is large variation
NHS total factor
productivity growth has
outperformed the wider
public sector and UK
economy in the last 20
years
Sources: Marginal cost per Quality Adjusted Life Year (QALY) (York University research); Owen et al (2017) - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28977629
36. Predictive Analytics
36
Which drivers of public sector
efficiency do they address?
Effective use of
data
Prevention/
early
intervention
Technological
advances
Effective use of
ICT
Aim
Develop predictive risk
modelling tools to assist
child welfare screening and
other decisions
To improve the effective
targeting of services
towards vulnerable children
and other groups
Method
Photo: Cate Dingley for The New York Times
Article by Dan Hurley Jan., 2018: https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/02/magazine/can-an-algorithm-tell-when-kids-are-in-danger.html
Predictive algorithms. Sky news: https://news.sky.com/story/predictive-algorithms-hidden-revolution-taking-place-in-uks-councils-and-police-forces-11650160
What is it?
What are the benefits?
At least 53 local authorities and 14 police forces are
using predictive algorithms in the UK for applications
as varied as traffic management and identifying
children at risk of neglect or abuse. By allowing
earlier intervention and better targeting of
interventions they help to improve outcomes for
citizens, reduce costs and improve efficiency.
38. 38
Markets and
competition
Service redesigns
and alternative
delivery mechanisms
Technology, data
and targeting
Hard budget
constraints and
spending flexibility
Organisation and
workforce
£££
££
££
£££
£
£
££
££
££
£££
££
£££
£££
££
££
Short term Medium term Long term
Short term: Implemented in the next 1 to 2 years
Medium term: Implemented in the next 5 years
Long term: Implemented beyond the next 5 years
£ limited scope for efficiencies,
££ some scope for efficiencies,
£££ substantial scope for efficiencies
Assessment of the scope for improving
efficiency further
Drivers of efficiency Our analysis of past
trends and future scope
suggests:
• Hard budget
constraints and
organisational and
workforce changes
– including pay
constraint – are
powerful drivers in
the short run
• Service re-design
and more
competition matter
in the medium term
• Technology and
data are longer term
drivers
However, there is
potential for these
drivers to be mutually
reinforcing.
40. Next Steps
40
(a) Public Value and the Public Value
Framework:
What is it?
A new framework to build a stronger public
value and efficiency culture at all levels
across the public sector. It is currently
being piloted and the framework refined.
Government departments will be required
to report on public value performance and
the improvements they will make against
the framework in their 2019/20 Single
Departmental Plans.
Public value is expected to play a key role
in the 2019 Spending Review
Source: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/delivering-better-outcomes-for-citizens-practical-steps-for-unlocking-public-
value and https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/public-value-framework-and-supplementary-guidance
41. Next Steps
41
(b) Public Sector Efficiency Group
What is it?
A cross-departmental analysts’ group that meets every 3-4 months, comprising of colleagues across
Whitehall with an interest in public sector efficiency.
What does it do?
i) Bring together evidence on efficiency trends and drivers.
UK and international evidence Literature reviews
Departments’ efficiency stories Department papers
Advice from experts and practitioners Experts workshops
ii) Draws out insights for achieving further efficiency improvements.
iii) Disseminates findings from key pieces of analytical work and research and produces reports.
(c) Promoting data analytics and evidence of what works across the wider public
sector
The Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government and the Cabinet Office have established a
local authority what works and data analytics network. There are now also 12 Office of Data Analytics
across local government.
(d) Office for National Statistics
Ongoing work by the ONS Public Sector Efficiency Measurement Unit to improve data and statistics.