The document discusses the potential of stem cell therapy for chronic heart failure, which affects 1% of the Western population, and is limited by the scarcity of donor hearts. It reviews various stem cell types and methods for generating cardiomyocytes, demonstrating the therapy's benefits in improving heart function and quality of life despite concerns over rejection and long-term effects. The findings are supported by a systemic literature review and randomized controlled trials.

1. Chetan Rao
Tanzila Shahzadi
Yesho Rajath Reddy
Oluwatosin Oyadiran

2.  Heart Failure
◦ Chronic
◦ Affects 1% of the Western population 1
◦ Therapy limited due to lack of donor hearts
 Stem cells considered for therapeutic use
◦ Therapy aims to repopulate damaged cardiac tissue
with regenerative cells

3.  Systemic literature review
◦ Publications investigated advancement of stem cell
therapy in congestive heart failure
 Randomized, Controlled Trials2
◦ Selected from three databases
◦ Combined to form a narrative summary

4.  Totipotent Embryonic Stem Cells
◦ Derived from blastocysts
◦ Used to generate functional cells in animal and
human models
◦ Ethical controversy
 Adult Bone Marrow Derived Stem Cells
◦ Less potent self-renewal ability

5.  Three methods in generation of new
cardiomyocytes from fibroblasts3
1. Full reprogramming of fibroblasts into induced
pluripotent stem cells (iPS) and further cardiac
differentiation
2. Partial reprogramming of fibroblasts into cardiac
progenitor cells and thus further differentiation
3. Direct reprogramming of fibroblasts into
cardiomyocytes

6.  Stem cells have been proven to4
◦ Improve ejection fraction
◦ Decrease diameter of infarct size
◦ Reduce amount of residual blood in left ventricular
post-systole
◦ Improve ventricular operation

7. Gunduz E, Akay O, Birdane A, Gulbas Z. Stem cell therapy for
congestive heart failure. Journal of Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine.
2011; 7(2): 87–8

8.  Stem cells has proven to be beneficial in
decreasing mortality in CHF
 Improve Quality of life
 Increase chances of survival
 We have to overcome the limitations and
constraints
 Potential for rejection
 Unknown long term side effects

9. 
 1: Michler R. Stem Cell Therapy for Heart Failure. Methodist DeBakey
Cardiovascular Journal. 2013; 9(4): 187–194.

 2: Angelini P, Markwald R. Stem Cell Treatment of the Heart: A Review
of Its Current Status on the Brink of Clinical Experimentation. Texas
Heart Institute Journal / from the Texas Heart Institute of St. Luke’s
Episcopal Hospital, Texas Children’s Hospital. 2005; 32(4): 479–488.

 3: Yamakawa H, Leda M. Strategies for heart regeneration: approaches
ranging from induced pluripotent stem cells to direct cardiac
reprogramming. International Heart Journal. 2015; 56(1): 1-5. DOI:
10.1536/ihj.

 4: Gunduz E, Akay O, Birdane A, Gulbas Z. Stem cell therapy for
congestive heart failure. Journal of Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine.
2011; 7(2): 87–8