This document discusses statutory interpretation and aids to interpretation. It begins by outlining the objectives and providing examples of types of statutory interpretation rules. It then discusses internal aids to interpretation, including examining the statute, long title, preamble, headings, schedules, explanatory notes, and presumptions. It also discusses rules of language used in interpretation like ejusden generis. External aids discussed include dictionaries, law commission reports, historical setting, treaties, and Hansard. The effect of the Human Rights Act 1998 and precedent on statutory interpretation is also examined. Students are then asked to think about teaching this topic, including activities, checks for understanding, and starter/plenary ideas. The next period's task is to complete a worksheet using textbooks

1. Statutory Interpretation 4

2. Objectives To complete your learning on Statutory Interpretation To understand internal and extrinsic aids to Interpretation

3. Starter – 3 2 1! Provide: - Types of Statutory Interpretation Rule (with case examples - Advantages of Statutory Interpretation (with reference to a rule) - Disadvantage of Statutory Interpretation (with reference to a rule)

4. Internal Aids to Interpretation The Statute The long title of the Act The preamble – sets out the need for the legislation and its intended effect Headings Schedules – Parts of the Act and may be looked at if there is ambiguity in the main body of the Act

5. Internal Aids to Interpretation Explanatory notes – since 1999 Presumptions – The courts assume that certain points are implied in all legislation. These presumptions include the following: Statutes do not change the common law Legislature does not intent to remove any matters from the jurisdiction of the courts Existing rights are not to be interfered with Laws which create crimes should be interpreted in favour of the citizen where there is ambiguity Legislation does not operate retrospectively: its provisions operate from the day it comes into force Statutes do not affect the Monarch

6. Internal Aids to Interpretation Rules of Language - Ejusden Generis – General words which follow specific ones are taken to include only things of the same kind. E.g., if an Act used the phrase “dogs, cats and other animals” the phrase “and other animals” would probably include other domestic animals, but not wild ones Expressiouniusestexclusioalterius– Express mention of one thing implies the exclusion of another. If the Act specifically mentioned “Persian Cats” the term would not include other breeds of cat. Noscitur a sociis– A word draws meaning from the other words around it. If a statute mentioned “cat baskets, toy mice and food”, it would be reasonable to assume that “food” meant cat food, and dog food was not covered by the relevant provision

7. Extrinsic aids to Interpretation Dictionaries and Textbooks Reports – Law Commission Historical Setting Treaties

8. Extrinsic aids to Interpretation Hansard– Davis v Johnson (1978) Human Rights Act 1998 – sections 2 & 3

9. Human Rights Act 1998 How has the Human Rights Act 1998 affected Statutory Interpretation? Read the section within the text book and pick out the key words and phrases.

10. Precedent What is the relationship between Statutory Interpretation and Precedent? Once the courts have interpreted a statute that then becomes part of case law in the same way as any other judicial decision, subject to the rules of precedent

11. Precedent How has our membership of the EU affected judges approaches to Statutory Interpretation? Growth of a more purposive approach & effect of S2(4) European Communities Act 1972 – all parliamentary legislation must be construed and applied in accordance with Union law – R v Secretary of State for transport, ex parte Factortame(1990) - pg 103

12. Plenary Think about everything we have learnt about regarding Statutory Interpretation. Come up with ideas on what you would have done if you had taught this topic. Think about: What activities you would have used How you would have checked understanding What types of starters or plenaries could you have used?

13. Period 2 Complete the worksheet using the textbook and the internet sites: sixthformlaw.info and a-level-law.co.uk If you complete this you will be given a country and you need to research it.