1. Statistics plays an important role in research by enabling researchers to extract meaningful information from data in the presence of variability.
2. The most important time for a statistician to be involved is in the beginning of a study to help design the experiment and ensure the data collection will provide the necessary information.
3. Properly designing the experiment through treatment structure, design structure, and randomization is critical for obtaining unbiased and informative results through statistical analysis.
This presentation is about Basic Statistics-related to types of Data-Qualitative and Quantitative, and its Examples in everyday life- By: Dr. Farhana Shaheen
This presentation is about Basic Statistics-related to types of Data-Qualitative and Quantitative, and its Examples in everyday life- By: Dr. Farhana Shaheen
In this chapter you learn:
Definition of Statistics & Identify variables in a statistics.
Types of Statistics
Distinguish b/w quantitative & qualitative variables.
Determine the 4 levels of measurement.
Identify populations & samples.
Distinguish different types of Sampling
In this chapter you learn:
Definition of Statistics & Identify variables in a statistics.
Types of Statistics
Distinguish b/w quantitative & qualitative variables.
Determine the 4 levels of measurement.
Identify populations & samples.
Distinguish different types of Sampling
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How to write chapter three of your research projectEtieneIma123
Chapter three of the research project or the research methodology is another significant part in the research project writing. In developing the chapter three of the research project, you state the research method you wish to adopt, the instruments to be used, where you will collect your data and how you collected it.
This chapter explains the different methods to be used in the research project. Here you mention the procedures and strategies you will employ in the study such as research design, research area (area of the study), the population of the study, etc.
You also tell the reader why you chose a particular method, how you planned to analyze your data. Your methodology should be written in a simple language such that other researchers can follow the method and arrive at the same conclusion or findings.
How to write chapter three of your research projectEtieneIma123
Chapter three of the research project or the research methodology is another significant part of the research project writing. In developing the chapter three of the research project, you state the research method you wish to adopt, the instruments to be used, where you will collect your data and how you collected it.
Course Code EDU7702-8Course Start Date 02152016Sec.docxvanesaburnand
Course Code: EDU7702-8
Course Start Date: 02/15/2016
Section: Synthesis: Research problem, method, design
Week: 7
Activity: Develop Research Methodology for Hypothetical Research Study
Activity Due Date: 04/03/2016
Activity Description
For Week 6, you developed the research problem, purpose, and questions for both a qualitative and a quantitative research study. For this task, choose one of the research problems and questions that
you developed in Week 6 (either the qualitative or the quantitative) and develop the methodology for the chosen study.
Then, next week you will develop the methodology for the second study and then combine the methodology section with other elements of the study to create a concept paper. (Thus, you may want to
choose the study of most interest to you and develop the methodology for that study as part of the assignment for Week 8).
There are several documents in the NCU dissertation center that will be helpful in developing the research methodology for your Week 7 and Week 8 assignments. These include the concept paper
templates and the proposal templates. Details regarding the research methods for the dissertation are explained in Chapter 3 of the dissertation proposal. The dissertation proposal template shows the
sections that should be included in Chapter 3 of the dissertation proposal. These sections include the following:
1. Research Methods and Design(s)
2. Population
3. Sample
4. Materials/Instruments
5. Operational Definitions of Variables (Quantitative/Mixed Studies Only)
6. Data Collection, Processing, and Analysis
7. Assumptions
8. Limitations
9. Delimitations
10. Ethical Assurances
11. Summary
In developing the methodology section for this week’s assignment, you will want to address Sections 1-6 and Section 10. You will find a discussion of these sections below that will help you develop
these sections of the research methodology.
(1) Research Methods and Design: Explain the methodology and design that you will use to address the research purpose and questions. Will you use the qualitative methodology or the quantitative
methodology? Explain your reasoning for the methodology that you will use to answer the research questions. Why is the specific methodology appropriate for answering the research questions? Which
of the designs is appropriate for your study? Refer to Section 5 for a review of the qualitative and quantitative designs. Then, explain the design that you will use. When is this design appropriate for use
and why is the design appropriate for your research purpose and questions? You will want to cite sources for your reasoning to use the methodology that you use. Be sure to explain why the
methodology and design is appropriate for your study.
Potential sources for defending the methodology and design include the following:
Cozby, P. & Bates, S. (2012). Methods in behavioral research. Boston, MA: McGraw Hill Higher Education.
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qu.
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Need a nonplagiarised paper and a form completed by 10/06/015 before 7:00pm. I have attached the documents along the rubics that must be followed.
Coyne and Messina Articles, Part 2 Statistical Assessment
Details:
1) Write a paper of 1,000-1,250 words regarding the statistical significance of outcomes as presented in Messina's, et al. article "The Relationship between Patient Satisfaction and Inpatient Admissions Across Teaching and Nonteaching Hospitals."
2) Assess the appropriateness of the statistics used by referring to the chart presented in the Module 4 lecture and the resource "Statistical Assessment."
3) Discuss the value of statistical significance vs. pragmatic usefulness.
4) Prepare this assignment according to the APA guidelines found in the APA Style Guide located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.
5) This assignment uses a grading rubric. Instructors will be using the rubric to grade the assignment; therefore, students should review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the assignment criteria and expectations for successful completion of the assignment.
Statistics: What you Need to Know
Introduction
Often, when people begin a statistics course, they worry about doing advanced mathematics or their math phobias kick in. Understanding that statistics as addressed in this course is not a math course at all is important. The only math you will do is addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. In these days of computer capability, you generally don't even have to do that much, since Excel is set up to do basic statistics for you. The key elements for the student in this course is to understand the various types of statistics, what their requirements are, what they do, and how you can use and interpret the results. Referring back to the basic components of a valid research study, which statistic a researcher uses depends on several things:
·
The research question itself
·
The sample size
·
The type of data you have collected
·
The type of statistic called for by the design
All quantitative studies require a data set. Qualitative studies may use a data set or may use observations with no numerical data at all. For the purposes of the next modules, our focus will be on quantitative studies.
Types of Statistics
There are several types of statistics available to the researcher. Descriptive statistics provide a basic description of the data set. This includes the measures of central tendency: means, medians, and modes, and the measures of dispersion, including variances and standard deviations. Descriptive statistics also include the sample size, or "N", and the frequency with which each data point occurs in the data set.
Inferential statistics allow the researcher to make predictions, estimations, and generalizations about the data set, the sample, and the population from which the sample was drawn. They allow you to draw inferences, generaliza.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
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This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
MATATAG CURRICULUM: ASSESSING THE READINESS OF ELEM. PUBLIC SCHOOL TEACHERS I...NelTorrente
In this research, it concludes that while the readiness of teachers in Caloocan City to implement the MATATAG Curriculum is generally positive, targeted efforts in professional development, resource distribution, support networks, and comprehensive preparation can address the existing gaps and ensure successful curriculum implementation.
Thinking of getting a dog? Be aware that breeds like Pit Bulls, Rottweilers, and German Shepherds can be loyal and dangerous. Proper training and socialization are crucial to preventing aggressive behaviors. Ensure safety by understanding their needs and always supervising interactions. Stay safe, and enjoy your furry friends!
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Pride Month Slides 2024 David Douglas School District
Statistics and design_of_experiments
1. Statistics and Design of Experiments: Role in Research George A. Milliken, PhD Department of Statistics Kansas State University Manhattan, Kansas September 2000 Department of Statistics Kansas State University
2. September 2000 Department of Statistics Kansas State University Statistics: A collection of procedures and processes to enable researchers in the unbiased pursuit of Knowledge Statistics is an important part of the Scientific Method State a Hypothesis Analyze the Data Design a Study and Collect Data Interpret the Results—Draw Conclusions
3. September 2000 Department of Statistics Kansas State University State a Hypothesis: The OBJECTIVE or OBJECTIVES of the Study A HYPOTHESIS OR SET OF HYPOTHESES should state exactly what you want to DO or LEARN or STUDY SHOULD ANSWER What are the factors to be studied and what relationships are to be investigated? What is the experimental material? Etc.?
4. September 2000 Department of Statistics Kansas State University The area of STATISTICS would not be needed if each time you measured an experimental unit you would obtain the same response or value BUT, THE RESPONSES ARE NOT THE SAME SINCE THERE IS VARIABILITY or NOISE IN THE SYSTEM STATISTICAL METHODS EXTRACT THE SIGNAL FROM THE NOISE TO PROVIDE INFORMATION One of the Statistician’s JOBS is to make sense from DATA in the presence of VARIABILITY or noise by using DATA ANALYSIS TOOLS
5. September 2000 Department of Statistics Kansas State University DESIGN VS. ANALYSIS The PURPOSE OF DATA COLLECTION is to GAIN INFORMATION OR KNOWLEDGE!! Collecting Data does not guarantee that information is obtained. INFORMATION ≠ DATA At best: INFORMATION=DATA+ANALYSIS
6. September 2000 Department of Statistics Kansas State University If data are collected such that they contain NO information in the first place, then the analysis phase cannot find it!!! The best way to insure that appropriate information is contained in the collected data is to DESIGN (plan) and Carefully Control the DATA COLLECTION PROCESS The measured variables must relate to the stated OBJECTIVES of the study
7. September 2000 Department of Statistics Kansas State University If you have a good design and process for data collection, it is quite often straight forward to construct an analysis that extracts all of the available information from the data The ROLE of a STATISTICIAN is to work with the REAEARCH TEAM (or researcher) from the START of the study
8. September 2000 Department of Statistics Kansas State University A STATISTICIAN CAN HELP OBTAIN THE MAXIMUM AMOUNT INFORMATON FROM AVAILABLE RESOURCES The MOST IMPORTANT TIME for the statistician to become involved with a research study is in the very BEGINNING
9. September 2000 Department of Statistics Kansas State University HOW??? HELP WITH THE DESIGN OF THE EXPERIMENT DETERMINE SAMPLE SIZE NEEDED DEVELOP PROCESS OF COLLECTING DATA DISCUSS VARIABLES TO BE MEASURED AND HOW THEY RELATE TO THE OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY PROVIDE METHODS OF ANALYZING THE DATA HELP TRANSLATE STATISTICAL CONCLUSIONS INTO SUBJECT MATTER CONCLUSIONS
10. September 2000 Department of Statistics Kansas State University THE CORE HELP FROM THE STATISTICIAN IS IN THE DESIGN OF THE EXPERIMENT Help with selecting conditions that relate to the objectives of the study Selecting the Experimental Units Deciding when REPLICATIONS exist Determining the ORDER in which the experiment is to be carried out THE DESIGN OF THE EXPERIMENT IS CRITICAL
11. September 2000 Department of Statistics Kansas State University COMPONENTS OF DESIGNED EXPERIMENTS TREATMENT STRUCTURE: Factors or Populations or Treatments related to the objectives of the experiment: Brands of Product, Types of Uses of Product DESIGN STRUCTURE OR EXPERIMENTAL UNITS: Factors used in blocking the experimental units as well as characteristics of exp. Units Washing Machine, Person Using Machine, Products evaluated in Session by Taste Panelist
12. September 2000 Department of Statistics Kansas State University Complete Designed Experiment Treatment Structure Design Structure RANDOMIZE – randomization plan to assign Treatment of TS to Experimental Units in DS
13. September 2000 Department of Statistics Kansas State University RANDOMIZATION IS THE INSURANCE POLICY AGAINST INTRODUCING BIAS INTO THE STUDY Selecting an appropriate Treatment Structure, necessary Design Structure, and required Randomization Process provides the Statistician the information needed to construct an appropriate model APPROPRIATE MODEL = BEST ANALYSIS
14. September 2000 Department of Statistics Kansas State University Key to the Design of the Experiment is the Concept of REPLICATION REPLICATON: The independent observation of a treatment An Experimental Unit Provides a Replication of the level of a Factor if the level is randomly assigned the the Experimental Unit and observed independently of the other Experimental Units Must make sure that Sub-samples are not considered to be Replications
15. September 2000 Department of Statistics Kansas State University The Variability among Experimental Units treated independently alike provides the estimate of the variance (or Standard Error) to be used as the measuring stick for comparing the levels of treatments randomly assigned to those Experimental Units Between Sub-sample variance is generally much less than between Replication variance It is critical that the Replications are appropriately Identified Treatment Structure, Design Structure (with experimental units and replication) and Randomization describe the total Design
16. September 2000 Department of Statistics Kansas State University ANALYZE THE DATA: Use the COMPLETED DESIGNED EXPERIMENT and the data type to construct an appropriate analysis Use Statistical Software – SAS, RS/1, JMP A software package you know will provide valid results
17. September 2000 Department of Statistics Kansas State University The Statistician will provide the STATISTICAL interpretation of the results from the analyses – STATISTICAL ANALYSES CONCLUSIONS The Statistician will help the Researcher TRANSLATE the statistical analyses conclusions into subject matter conclusions Discuss how the statistical analyses provide results that relate to the STATED OBJECTIVES of the study. The expected results should be written along with the objectives. Results that are not expected should be looked at carefully
18. September 2000 Department of Statistics Kansas State University Washing Machine Example: 4 brands or models -- one machine each 3 types of laundry – Whites, Wash/wear, Denim 3 persons to operate the Machines For each person: Randomly assign the order of Brands For each Brand, randomly assign the order of Types
19. September 2000 Department of Statistics Kansas State University Brand D Brand B Brand A Brand C Random Order of Brands for Person 1 White White White White W/W W/W W/W W/W Denim Denim Denim Denim Machine Random Order of Types within each Machine Re-Randomize for each Person
20. September 2000 Department of Statistics Kansas State University Machines are Experimental Unit for Brands and Variance is computed by Person*Brand Persons are Blocks of Machines Compare BRANDS by using the variability among Machines Treated Alike
21. September 2000 Department of Statistics Kansas State University The Machines within a Person are Blocks for Types – Three Loads per Machine The Loads within a machine are the Experimental Units for Type and Brand*Type Variability among Loads treated alike provides the measuring stick for comparing the levels of Type and Brand*Type This Design Involves Persons as Blocks and Two Sizes of Experimental Unit Machine and Load
22. September 2000 Department of Statistics Kansas State University If you ignore that this design involves TWO sizes of Experimental Units and there are Two Error Terms, the resulting error term is a combination of these two error terms The combined error term is Too Large for making comparisons involving Type and Brand*Type – won’t find things that are there The Combined error term is Too Small for Making comparisons involving Brand – will declare things to be different when they are not Statistical Conclusions can be very misleading
23. September 2000 Department of Statistics Kansas State University STATISTICIAN’S JOB – to figure out how the study is being ran and help identify the type of design that is being used which includes determining if more than one size of experimental unit is involved This is accomplished BEST when the Statistician is involved at the Beginning of the Study
24. September 2000 Department of Statistics Kansas State University SALSA TASTING EXPERIMENT NINE TYPES OR BRANDS OF SALSA A PERSON CAN TASTE ONLY THREE SALSAS DURING THE SESSION TWELVE PERSONS WILL BE USED IN THE STUDY
25. September 2000 Department of Statistics Kansas State University ASSIGNMENT OF PRODUCTS TO PERSONS – with order Person Person Order 1 2 3 Order 1 2 3 1 C A B 7 F D E 2 H I G 8 A G D 3 E B H 9 C I F 4 G B F 10 D H C 5 I E A 11 F A H 6 C G E 12 B D I
26. September 2000 Department of Statistics Kansas State University Each Product is Tasted 4 times – there are Four Replications of each product Since each person tastes only Three of the products, how do we compare the products? The Analysis obtains predicted values for each Product for each Person Want to compare the Products as if each Person had tasted all of the Products
27. September 2000 Department of Statistics Kansas State University The Product Means of these Predicted Values are the “ADJUSTED MEANS” for each Product Called LEAST SQUARES MEANS by SAS ® The LSMEANS are the Predicted Means as if Each of the Persons has Tasted and evaluated all of the products
28. September 2000 Department of Statistics Kansas State University Some times characteristics of experimental units are measured – to be used as possible covariates Study the effect of three types of Drugs on a persons heart rate Randomly Assign 12 persons to each of the Drugs -- person is experimental unit Dose the person with the assigned drug and measure the heart rate after 15 minutes
29. September 2000 Department of Statistics Kansas State University Persons do not have identical heart rates before being given the respective drug Measure the initial heart rate – heart rate before giving the drug We want to compare the Drugs as if all experimental units (persons) had the same initial heart rate
30. September 2000 Department of Statistics Kansas State University Analysis of Covariance uses a regression model to obtain predicted after drug heart rate values as if all persons had initial heart rates of, say, 74 beats per minute The Drug Means of these predicted heart rates are used to compare the Drugs – These means of Predicted Values are called LSMEANS
31.
32. September 2000 Department of Statistics Kansas State University Another Role of the Statistician is to provide appropriate models for the analysis of the data from a given study in order to take into account the Design Structure and covariates to provide estimates of the treatment effects as if all experimental units had observed all treatments or all experimental units had the same value of the covariate -- provide appropriate LSMEANS