Framing rape culture: Media coverage of sexual assault in the United States a...Shelley Blundell
Media framing of sexual assault influences public perception of the crime. To date, most media coverage of sexual assault places the victim at the center of his or her victimization, and often implies that the victim was complicit in his/her own victimization. Facts-based, unbiased media coverage has the ability to both change public perception and influence public policy. Media coverage examples from both the United States and South Africa are compared and contrasted to support the latter statement.
Framing rape culture: Media coverage of sexual assault in the United States a...Shelley Blundell
Media framing of sexual assault influences public perception of the crime. To date, most media coverage of sexual assault places the victim at the center of his or her victimization, and often implies that the victim was complicit in his/her own victimization. Facts-based, unbiased media coverage has the ability to both change public perception and influence public policy. Media coverage examples from both the United States and South Africa are compared and contrasted to support the latter statement.
A short presentation on the phenomenon Rape Culture, Myth or Reality. Victims prefer to remain silent for a number of reasons. The silent chorus (society) helps to perpetuate the myths in many instances. How does one begin to address the challenges encountered?
The vote count is a near endless topic. The popular vote has been increasingly manipulated for decades. Gerrymandering splits districts by race, ethnicity, age, socioeconomic class, political affiliations, etc. all with the purpose of manipulating election outcomes. Closed primaries and complex voting criteria deny voting rights to many classes of voters including Independents who are the country’s largest segment. These problems have existed a long time. This election has been rampant with election fraud, mass voter purges, doctored vote counts, and statistically incongruent exit polls all which conveniently favor Hillary.
The chairperson of the DNC Debbie Wasserman Schultz has known ties to Hillary and is on record for wanting to subvert voting rights.
Jones 1Jones 7Kyle JonesMatthew ZimmermanEnglish 10222 N.docxpriestmanmable
Jones 1
Jones 7
Kyle Jones
Matthew Zimmerman
English 102
22 November 2014[Title]: [Subtitle]
In 2014, we live in a world with a media saturated culture. This is the era of digital news services, of 24-hour news channels, free newspapers, and even media based applications. For the majority of us, the way in which we learn about the world outside our personal perception is through the consumption of news, mainly still through broadcast or print (OFCOM 2007). Various forms of media has fed the public statistics that created a sense of stereotyping for each particular race. For example, the media and those on film, such as politics and leaders of the government, link together race and crime, which conveys a criminal image of the public’s consumption (St. John & Heald-Moore, 1995). Since race and crime are tied together, when one thinks of a crime, hears about a crime, or when crime is being reported, race is usually associated with it. In the American society, a frequent representation of crime is that it is majorly committed by African- Americans. The view of African Americans has been distorted and twisted by the media. Without question, almost everything that is being covered by the media is believed by most of society and it becomes their actual perceptual reality. Broadcast media and other various forms of media has a history for portraying African Americans in a biased manner, as if they were mostly reported involved in crime, drugs, or acts of violence. This has led to many cases of stereotyping, racial profiling, police brutality, prejudice, inhumane acts and has brain washed most of our society into believing that almost every African American is mischievous or a threat to their well-being. African Americans are unjustly, as well as unrealistically depicted on broadcast news and various other types of mass media. These negative connotations affects more than just African- Americans but also every other culture that exists in America.
African Americans have been associated with crime for quite some time. It was not until some in the 1970’s and early 1980s that the popular stereotype of the young black man evolved in the eyes of many from a petty thief or rapist into the notorious , malicious criminal predators, or what Kathery Russel ( 2002) has argued, is the world recognized “ criminalblackman”. Within the last few decades there have been controversial law enforcement practices of racial profiling. Law enforcement officials pursue minorities in an attempt to increase the likely hood of catching illegal activity or the predetermined act of illegal activity, which is part of a consequence from the racial profiling that the media has inflicted upon society. The questionable practices has led to negative effects on blacks. To the African American culture law officials are deemed more criminal or more of a threat than what the media and statistics has condemned blacks to be. The after math, after the many years of harassment, African ...
RUNNING HEAD: Racial bias and double standards 1
Racial bias and double standards 8
Racial Bias and Double Standards
Assignment 3 Week 8
Mark Abbott
Professor PRIMM-BETHEA, ANGELA
11/30/2014
Double standards and racial bias are some of the biggest problems in the United States. Martin Luther King junior had this vision of People being judged by their personality instead of their skin color. He wished that there were no race boxes and that everything was color blind so that people did not face racial bias. It is unfortunate that people still use race as a factor when making decisions. Race preferences are wrong. It should be a thing of done with the past. There is a double regular in America .if you are black it is there was no questioning to be racist, but it is not okay when a white person says an offensive thing to a black person. It is considered to be racial. It’s okay to have organizations that allow black people only, but it would not be okay if an organization only had white people. It’s okay to have racist black entertainment channels in the United States, but it not very much okay to have a channel only for white people. The thought that only black people could present black, and white people only represent whites is outrageous. People should not choose their leaders because of their skin color, but they should consider their beliefs and ambitions.
Applicable Sociological Concepts. The socio-psychological theory lets us understand the human behavior and thoughts. Old-fashioned racism has replaced by a different form of racism. Unlike the old fashioned racism where people could feel the racism around them, the new racism is symbolic and not easy to notice. In fact in the American society many people believe that the racial equality is committed to diversity. Dislike is not a form of racism, but conscious hatred of people due to their race is only insufficient. Racism needs to take into account.
Social-structural theory. Unconscious racism or structured racism needs to be taken account. All Americans share a historical culture whether black, white or Hispania. Blatant prejudice is the traditional form while the subtle discrimination is in modern form and is indirect. The African Americans prefer to call them Americans since they are also of the American community. Unconscious racism changes the moral obligations imposed by the commonwealth and the equality. We are not obliged to impose assumptions that are discriminatory. The determination of who is who and who is not white has fluctuated the over time
Principled politics. Americans are Multiracial, and all have mixed ancestry. They have a sense of self-identity both culturally and socially. After racial segregation there have been inter-racial marriages that allow blacks, whites, and other race.
Term Paper Essay Assignment Rubric Due by Saturday May 12th.docxjacqueliner9
Term Paper Essay Assignment Rubric
Due by Saturday May 12th at 11:59pm via TurnitIn (20% of final grade)
Sociology 3480: Term Paper Rubric
Sources: In addition to your text and/or readings, provide at least 5 outside sources. At least one
outside source must be a peer reviewed/academic journal article. Wikipedia, personal blogs,
and/or .org’s will not be accepted as valid sources.
Note: Electronic copy must be uploaded to Turnitin link to check for citation accuracy
Study – Gather data online (no less than 5 articles). Characterize the social issue you chose for
yourself and show how it fits what is given and said about that topic in news/media. How is this
different than what we have been reading in our text? Cite comparisons.
Consider the social topic you chose relative to course material and answer the following
questions in essay format to summarize your findings.
In general, you should address the following questions in your essay:
What is your social topic?
What are some of the specific areas discussed in your social topic?
What are the different perspectives/opposing viewpoints?
How do most people get their information on your given social topic?
How is it different than you imagined, than what you read about?
What past research has been done on your topic?
Which solutions have worked, what haven’t? (investigate: read articles and refer to your text)
What new or unresolved issues/concerns have developed?
What did you learn by doing this paper?
(Again, use these questions to guide the general direction of your essay. Do not answer these
questions individually).
Surname 6
How Racial and Ethnic Discrimination Influence Police Brutality
Student’s Name
Professor’s Name
Course
Date
The social topic of race, ethnicity, and immigration is critical to discuss so that one can understand how these factors influence people in society. Race refers to the classification of individuals based on social or physical qualities. Ethnicity entails people’s categories based on their language, culture, ancestry, and history. In addition, immigration refers to moving and settling in a specific country temporarily or permanently. Many individuals consider race and ethnicity of residents in a particular area before migrating. In most cases, people move to places where they can find others who understand them. Currently, neighborhoods comprise of individuals who belong to the same race or ethnicity. That is why it is hard for whites to settle in areas where the majority of people living there are African Americans. Therefore, race and ethnicity are the two primary determinants of immigration in the United States of America (USA). Although many Americans have encountered police brutality, at some point in their lives, race, ethnicity, and immigration ar.
A short presentation on the phenomenon Rape Culture, Myth or Reality. Victims prefer to remain silent for a number of reasons. The silent chorus (society) helps to perpetuate the myths in many instances. How does one begin to address the challenges encountered?
The vote count is a near endless topic. The popular vote has been increasingly manipulated for decades. Gerrymandering splits districts by race, ethnicity, age, socioeconomic class, political affiliations, etc. all with the purpose of manipulating election outcomes. Closed primaries and complex voting criteria deny voting rights to many classes of voters including Independents who are the country’s largest segment. These problems have existed a long time. This election has been rampant with election fraud, mass voter purges, doctored vote counts, and statistically incongruent exit polls all which conveniently favor Hillary.
The chairperson of the DNC Debbie Wasserman Schultz has known ties to Hillary and is on record for wanting to subvert voting rights.
Jones 1Jones 7Kyle JonesMatthew ZimmermanEnglish 10222 N.docxpriestmanmable
Jones 1
Jones 7
Kyle Jones
Matthew Zimmerman
English 102
22 November 2014[Title]: [Subtitle]
In 2014, we live in a world with a media saturated culture. This is the era of digital news services, of 24-hour news channels, free newspapers, and even media based applications. For the majority of us, the way in which we learn about the world outside our personal perception is through the consumption of news, mainly still through broadcast or print (OFCOM 2007). Various forms of media has fed the public statistics that created a sense of stereotyping for each particular race. For example, the media and those on film, such as politics and leaders of the government, link together race and crime, which conveys a criminal image of the public’s consumption (St. John & Heald-Moore, 1995). Since race and crime are tied together, when one thinks of a crime, hears about a crime, or when crime is being reported, race is usually associated with it. In the American society, a frequent representation of crime is that it is majorly committed by African- Americans. The view of African Americans has been distorted and twisted by the media. Without question, almost everything that is being covered by the media is believed by most of society and it becomes their actual perceptual reality. Broadcast media and other various forms of media has a history for portraying African Americans in a biased manner, as if they were mostly reported involved in crime, drugs, or acts of violence. This has led to many cases of stereotyping, racial profiling, police brutality, prejudice, inhumane acts and has brain washed most of our society into believing that almost every African American is mischievous or a threat to their well-being. African Americans are unjustly, as well as unrealistically depicted on broadcast news and various other types of mass media. These negative connotations affects more than just African- Americans but also every other culture that exists in America.
African Americans have been associated with crime for quite some time. It was not until some in the 1970’s and early 1980s that the popular stereotype of the young black man evolved in the eyes of many from a petty thief or rapist into the notorious , malicious criminal predators, or what Kathery Russel ( 2002) has argued, is the world recognized “ criminalblackman”. Within the last few decades there have been controversial law enforcement practices of racial profiling. Law enforcement officials pursue minorities in an attempt to increase the likely hood of catching illegal activity or the predetermined act of illegal activity, which is part of a consequence from the racial profiling that the media has inflicted upon society. The questionable practices has led to negative effects on blacks. To the African American culture law officials are deemed more criminal or more of a threat than what the media and statistics has condemned blacks to be. The after math, after the many years of harassment, African ...
RUNNING HEAD: Racial bias and double standards 1
Racial bias and double standards 8
Racial Bias and Double Standards
Assignment 3 Week 8
Mark Abbott
Professor PRIMM-BETHEA, ANGELA
11/30/2014
Double standards and racial bias are some of the biggest problems in the United States. Martin Luther King junior had this vision of People being judged by their personality instead of their skin color. He wished that there were no race boxes and that everything was color blind so that people did not face racial bias. It is unfortunate that people still use race as a factor when making decisions. Race preferences are wrong. It should be a thing of done with the past. There is a double regular in America .if you are black it is there was no questioning to be racist, but it is not okay when a white person says an offensive thing to a black person. It is considered to be racial. It’s okay to have organizations that allow black people only, but it would not be okay if an organization only had white people. It’s okay to have racist black entertainment channels in the United States, but it not very much okay to have a channel only for white people. The thought that only black people could present black, and white people only represent whites is outrageous. People should not choose their leaders because of their skin color, but they should consider their beliefs and ambitions.
Applicable Sociological Concepts. The socio-psychological theory lets us understand the human behavior and thoughts. Old-fashioned racism has replaced by a different form of racism. Unlike the old fashioned racism where people could feel the racism around them, the new racism is symbolic and not easy to notice. In fact in the American society many people believe that the racial equality is committed to diversity. Dislike is not a form of racism, but conscious hatred of people due to their race is only insufficient. Racism needs to take into account.
Social-structural theory. Unconscious racism or structured racism needs to be taken account. All Americans share a historical culture whether black, white or Hispania. Blatant prejudice is the traditional form while the subtle discrimination is in modern form and is indirect. The African Americans prefer to call them Americans since they are also of the American community. Unconscious racism changes the moral obligations imposed by the commonwealth and the equality. We are not obliged to impose assumptions that are discriminatory. The determination of who is who and who is not white has fluctuated the over time
Principled politics. Americans are Multiracial, and all have mixed ancestry. They have a sense of self-identity both culturally and socially. After racial segregation there have been inter-racial marriages that allow blacks, whites, and other race.
Term Paper Essay Assignment Rubric Due by Saturday May 12th.docxjacqueliner9
Term Paper Essay Assignment Rubric
Due by Saturday May 12th at 11:59pm via TurnitIn (20% of final grade)
Sociology 3480: Term Paper Rubric
Sources: In addition to your text and/or readings, provide at least 5 outside sources. At least one
outside source must be a peer reviewed/academic journal article. Wikipedia, personal blogs,
and/or .org’s will not be accepted as valid sources.
Note: Electronic copy must be uploaded to Turnitin link to check for citation accuracy
Study – Gather data online (no less than 5 articles). Characterize the social issue you chose for
yourself and show how it fits what is given and said about that topic in news/media. How is this
different than what we have been reading in our text? Cite comparisons.
Consider the social topic you chose relative to course material and answer the following
questions in essay format to summarize your findings.
In general, you should address the following questions in your essay:
What is your social topic?
What are some of the specific areas discussed in your social topic?
What are the different perspectives/opposing viewpoints?
How do most people get their information on your given social topic?
How is it different than you imagined, than what you read about?
What past research has been done on your topic?
Which solutions have worked, what haven’t? (investigate: read articles and refer to your text)
What new or unresolved issues/concerns have developed?
What did you learn by doing this paper?
(Again, use these questions to guide the general direction of your essay. Do not answer these
questions individually).
Surname 6
How Racial and Ethnic Discrimination Influence Police Brutality
Student’s Name
Professor’s Name
Course
Date
The social topic of race, ethnicity, and immigration is critical to discuss so that one can understand how these factors influence people in society. Race refers to the classification of individuals based on social or physical qualities. Ethnicity entails people’s categories based on their language, culture, ancestry, and history. In addition, immigration refers to moving and settling in a specific country temporarily or permanently. Many individuals consider race and ethnicity of residents in a particular area before migrating. In most cases, people move to places where they can find others who understand them. Currently, neighborhoods comprise of individuals who belong to the same race or ethnicity. That is why it is hard for whites to settle in areas where the majority of people living there are African Americans. Therefore, race and ethnicity are the two primary determinants of immigration in the United States of America (USA). Although many Americans have encountered police brutality, at some point in their lives, race, ethnicity, and immigration ar.
unequal under law
unequal
under
law
RACE
IN THE
WAR
ON
DRUGS
DORIS MARIE PROVINE
contents
Acknowledgments and Dedication vii
Introduction i
one Racial Discrimination in the Eyes of the Law 15
two Race in America's First War on Drugs 37
three Negro Cocaine Fiends, Mexican Marijuana Smokers, and Chinese Opium
Addicts: The Drug Menace in Racial Relief 63
four Congress on Crack: How Race-Neutral Language Hides Racial Meaning 91
five The Racial Impact of the War on Drugs: How Government Coped 120
six Racial Justice: The Courts Consider Sentencing Disparities 140
epilogue 162
notes 16q
references 179
index 197
acknowledgements and dedication
Many people have been involved in the creation of this small book, in part
because it took such a long time to write! Along the way, I benefited from the
insights of people who have been close to the struggle for more equitable and
humane U.S. drug policy. I am grateful for the help of Rodney Cahill, Judge
Richard Conaboy, Michael Gelacak, Gary Goldberg, Paul Hofer, Keenan Keller,
Marc Mauer, Barbara Meirhoefer, Andrea Smith, and Nkechi Taifa.
Generous colleagues who read and commented upon all or portions of this
manuscript include: Kitty Calavita, Ellen Cohn, Josefina Figueira- McDonough,
Roy Flemming, David Greenberg, Julie Horney, Mary and Peter Katzenstein,
Richard Lempert, Lynn Mather, Elizabeth Mertz, Suzanne Mettler, Kristen
Monroe, Ruth Peterson, Helen Quan (HQ), Carroll Seron, Rogers Smith, and
Marjorie Zatz.
Arizona State University School of Justice & Social Inquiry provided an ideal
venue to complete this research, not just because of the encouragement my
colleagues offered, but because of their inspiring commitment to the study of
justice. They will recognize their influence by some of the arguments I make in
this book, and by my frequent citations to their work. Various graduate students
were very helpful in digging out obscure sources and making suggestions. I am
grateful to Francine Banner, Gregory Broberg, Michael Coyle, Amy Gay,
Rosalie Gonzales, and William Parkin.
I also want to thank John Tryneski, Rodney Powell, and two anonymous
reviewers for all their help in getting this manuscript to become a book. For John
and me, this is our third book. The University of Chicago Press has been a
terrific organization with which to be associated during my entire academic
career.
I owe a very special debt to my sons, Charles and Stuart Provine, and to my
husband, Michael Shelton. Charlie was always willing to read a draft, fix a
problem with my computer, or help me resolve any difficulty I faced in turning
ideas into prose. Without his help, another year might have passed before this
book appeared. Stuart offered regular and welcome encouragement every step of
the way, as well as many good ...
Sp
en
ce
r
G
ra
nt
/P
ho
to
lib
ra
ry
/G
et
ty
Im
ag
es
Learning Objectives
• Understand the concepts of “race” and “ethnicity” as social constructs.
• Analyze evidence about racial inequality and social class in relation to crime.
• Analyze evidence about racial differences in rates of victimization.
• Analyze evidence regarding racial inequality and incarceration rates.
• Explore how the War on Drugs contributes to racial discrimination in the criminal justice system.
• Examine crack cocaine and marijuana law enforcement in context of racial discrimination.
• Critically analyze the connections between race and the death penalty.
• Examine empirical evidence on the issue of racial profiling.
• Examine empirical evidence on the issue of immigration and crime rates.
Crime, Race, and Ethnicity
4
coL82305_04_c04_091-122.indd 91 7/5/13 4:18 PM
Section 4.1 Race and the Criminal Justice System CHAPTER 4
In April of 2012, law enforcement in Oklahoma arrested one of the region’s foremost drug kingpins. In the home of the alleged drug kingpin, police seized four pounds of marijuana, $276,000 in cash, and two firearms: a revolver and a semiautomatic pistol.
Police believe that the defendant is the “mastermind” (Perez, 2012, p. 1) of a drug-dealing
organization that supplies approximately 40% of the marijuana markets in Oklahoma and
three nearby states: Missouri, Kansas, and Arkansas. The suspect, drug kingpin Darlene
Mayes, is a White grandmother with thinning silver hair who appears to be in her 60s or
70s. Thus she has been dubbed the “Granny Drug Kingpin” (Perez, 2012).
Studies suggest that when asked to picture a drug dealer, overwhelmingly the American
public visualizes a young man of color (Burston, Jones, & Roberson-Sanders, 1995). How-
ever, evidence from this chapter will demonstrate that drug use and drug crime spans
racial and ethnic groups and that all racial groups seem to commit drug crime in similar
rates. Whether broaching issues of drug crime, or any other type of crime, issues of per-
ception, race, and criminality are central in the study of criminology.
4.1 Race and the Criminal Justice System
The American criminal justice system disproportionately impacts people of color, and this disproportionate impact by race is often dramatic and consistent at nearly every level of the system. Research demonstrates that members of poor, disenfranchised
groups receive harsher treatment in all phases of the criminal justice system: They are
more likely to be stopped, investigated, arrested, charged, put on trial, found guilty, and
sent to prison (Tonry, 2011). The disproportionate involvement in the system is cumula-
tive. Police are more likely to arrest someone who has a prior record, prosecutors are more
likely to charge someone who has previously been arrested or spent time in jail. A judge
is more likely to convict and incarcerate a defendant rather than offer probation to some-
one who has .
Perceived Racial and Ethnic Composition of Neighborhood and .docxdanhaley45372
Perceived Racial and Ethnic Composition of
Neighborhood and Perceived Risk of Crime
TED CHIRICOS, Florida State University
RANEE McENTIRE, Florida State University
MARC GERTZ, Florida State University
This paper examines the relationship between perceived racial and ethnic composition of neighborhood
and criminal threat, which is operationalized as the perceived risk of criminal victimization. To address this
question, we use interviews with a statewide random sample of 3,000 Florida residents conducted in the fall of
1996. This is the first assessment of this issue to include Hispanics-the largest and fastest growing minority in
the State-as both respondents and as ethnic "others" whose presence may be a source of perceived risk for some.
For the full sample, OLS regressions show that perceived risk of victimization is influenced by the perception that
either Hispanics or blacks live nearby. The effects of the perception that Hispanics live nearby are consistently
stronger than those associated with the perceived proximity of blacks. Analyses for subsamples show that whites
are threatened by Hispanics and blacks, but only in South Florida where they are slightly outnumbered by those
two groups. Hispanics are also threatened by the presence of blacks and other Hispanics, but only outside of
South Florida where they are greatly outnumbered by blacks and whites. The results support a core assumption
of the "social threat" perspective, which presumes the mobilization of social control is influenced by the percep-
tion of criminal threat associated with the perceived proximity of racial others. These results also suggest that
crime threat may be "ethnicity coded" as well as "race coded" and may, in certain contexts, have more effect on
those who are in a minority status than on the dominant majority.
The equation of criminal threat with the presence of blacks is nothing new in American
culture (Hawkins 1995). But in recent years, the typification of crime as a black male threat
has achieved iconic proportions. From Willie Horton to Charles Stuart to Susan Smith, the fac-
ile link of race and crime has been used to gain electoral advantage and to confound the
search for justice (Anderson 1995).' The same putative threat is routinely invoked to justify
things as profound as the shooting of unarmed black men by New York City police and as pro-
saic as the non-delivery of pizza and the "unavailability" of taxi cabs in predominantly black
neighborhoods (West 1994).
So pervasive is the presumption of criminal threat in relation to black men that observers
as disparate as James Q. Wilson and the reverend Jesse Jackson have expressed similar senti-
ments on the issue. In a speech decrying black on black crime, Jackson acknowledged feeling
"relief" when an approaching urban stranger was not a young black male (Cohen 1993:A23)
and Wilson argued that "it is not racism that makes whites uneasy about blacks . .. it is fear.
Towards a Critical Health Equity Research Stance: Why Epistemology and Method...Jim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
Qualitative methods are not intrinsically progressive. Methods are simply tools to conduct research. Epistemology, the justification of knowledge, shapes methodology and methods, and thus is a vital starting point for a critical health equity research stance, regardless of whether the methods are qualitative, quantitative, or mixed. In line with this premise, I address four themes in this commentary. First, I criticize the ubiquitous and uncritical use of the term health disparities in U.S. public health. Next, I advocate for the increased use of qualitative methodologies—namely, photovoice and critical ethnography— that, pursuant to critical approaches, prioritize dismantling social–structural inequities as a prerequisite to health equity. Thereafter, I discuss epistemological stance and its influence on all aspects of the research process. Finally, I highlight my critical discourse analysis HIV prevention research based on individual interviews and focus groups with Black men, as an example of a critical health equity research approach.
Links to Recommended Readings from June 4, 2020 presentation “Work With Organ...Jim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
Links to Recommended Readings from June 4, 2020 presentation “Work With Organizers to Build People Power for Health Equity” by Jim Bloyd, MPH, Regional Health Officer, Cook County Department of Public Health (IL) jbloyd@cookcountyhhs.org Presented as part of “Covid-19 and Health Equity: A Policy Platform and Voices from Health Departments” by Human Impact Partners, co-sponsored by APHA, ASTHO, Big Cities Health Coalition, HealthBegins, and NACCHO. (Links current as of June 12, 2020 prepared by Jim)
Senators call for investigation into Pulaski County jail amid COVID-19 outbreakJim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
News article published May 30, 2020 "The senators’ letter follows the efforts of several health-justice advocates to implore the Illinois Department of Public Health to take a more active role in managing the outbreak in Pulaski County. Those individuals, which include representatives from the Collaborative for Health Equity Cook County and the Health & Medicine Policy Research Group, Chicago-based health justice organizations, DePaul University and the University of Illinois Chicago School of Public Health, are circulating a petition that demands IDPH make site visits to ICE detention sites across Illinois, and specifically the facility in Pulaski County, to ensure compliance with care plans and infectious disease control."
A 5-Year Retrospective Analysis of Legal Intervention Injuries and Mortality ...Jim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
There has been a public outcry for the accountability of law enforcement agents who kill and injure citizens. Epidemiological surveillance can underscore the magnitude of morbidity and mortality of citizens at the hands of law enforcement. We used hospital outpatient and inpatient databases to conduct a retrospective analysis of legal interventions in Illinois between 2010 and 2015. We calculated injury and mortality rates based on demographics, spatial distribution, and cause of injury. During the study period, 8,384 patients were treated for injuries caused during contact with law enforcement personnel. Most were male, the mean age was 32.7, and those injured were disproportionately black. Nearly all patients were treated as outpatients, and those who were admitted to the hospital had a mean of length of stay of 6 days. Most patients were discharged home or to an acute or long-term care facility (83.7%). It is unclear if those discharged home or to a different medical facility were arrested, accidentally injured, injured when no crime was committed, or injured when a crime was committed. Surveillance of law enforcement-related injuries and deaths should be implemented, and injuries caused during legal interventions should be recognized as a public health issue rather than a criminal justice issue.
Life Expectancy and Mortality Rates in the United States, 1959-2017Jim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
Importance: US life expectancy has not kept pace with that of other wealthy countries and is now decreasing.
Objective: To examine vital statistics and review the history of changes in US life expectancy and increasing mortality rates; and to identify potential contributing factors, drawing insights from current literature and an analysis of state-level trends.
Evidence: Life expectancy data for 1959-2016 and cause-specific mortality rates for 1999-2017 were obtained from the US Mortality Database and CDC WONDER, respectively. The analysis focused on midlife deaths (ages 25-64 years), stratified by sex, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and geography (including the 50 states). Published research from January 1990 through August 2019 that examined relevant mortality trends and potential contributory factors was examined.
Findings: Between 1959 and 2016, US life expectancy increased from 69.9 years to 78.9 years but declined for 3 consecutive years after 2014. The recent decrease in US life expectancy culminated a period of increasing cause-specific mortality among adults aged 25 to 64 years that began in the 1990s, ultimately producing an increase in all-cause mortality that began in 2010. During 2010-2017, midlife all-cause mortality rates increased from 328.5 deaths/100 000 to 348.2 deaths/100 000. By 2014, midlife mortality was increasing across all racial groups, caused by drug overdoses, alcohol abuse, suicides, and a diverse list of organ system diseases. The largest relative increases in midlife mortality rates occurred in New England (New Hampshire, 23.3%; Maine, 20.7%; Vermont, 19.9%) and the Ohio Valley (West Virginia, 23.0%; Ohio, 21.6%; Indiana, 14.8%; Kentucky, 14.7%). The increase in midlife mortality during 2010-2017 was associated with an estimated 33 307 excess US deaths, 32.8% of which occurred in 4 Ohio Valley states.
Conclusions and Relevance: US life expectancy increased for most of the past 60 years, but the rate of increase slowed over time and life expectancy decreased after 2014. A major contributor has been an increase in mortality from specific causes (eg, drug overdoses, suicides, organ system diseases) among young and middle-aged adults of all racial groups, with an onset as early as the 1990s and with the largest relative increases occurring in the Ohio Valley and New England. The implications for public health and the economy are substantial, making it vital to understand the underlying causes.
Revisiting the Corporate and Commercial Determinants of HealthJim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
We trace the development of the concept of the corporate determinants of health. We argue that these determinants are predicated on the un- checked power of corporations and that the means by which corporations exert power is increasingly unseen.
We identify four of the ways corporations influence health: defining the dominant narra- tive; setting the rules by which society, especially trade, oper- ates; commodifying knowledge; and undermining political, so- cial, and economic rights.
We identify how public health professionals can respond to these manifestations of power. (Am J Public Health. 2018;108: 1167–1170. doi:10.2105/AJPH. 2018.304510)
Public Health, Politics, and the Creation of Meaning: A Public Health of Cons...Jim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
"The creation of meaning may be an unfamiliar role for public health, but one whose import comes into sharp relief when we recognize the inevitability of the political at the heart of what we do."
Cook County Department of Public Health staff who are presenters, moderators, and secondary authors at the annual meeting of the American Public Health Association are pictured. Their presentations are listed by Session number. The meeting attracts over 12,000 participants and is health in Philadelphia, PA from November 2nd to November 6th, 2019. #APHA2019 @PublicHealth @APHAAnnualMtg
This transcript is useful for a small group exercise when participants are listening to Dr. Linda Rae Murry discuss her critique of the Ten Essential Services as a frame popular in the USA for describing what public health is and should do. It was used along with a worksheet to successfully generate small group discussion on September 12, 2019. Available at RootsofHealthInequity.org
Exercise Linda Murray Voices of Public Health questions worksheet Used Septem...Jim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
This was one of two 20-minute exercises used by Jim Bloyd and Rachel Rubin with a 30-minute slide presentation. The exercises generated discussion among groups of 2-3 people. The group also listened to the audio of Dr. Murray's 6-minute statement, and followed along reading a transcript of the statement. Both the audio and the transcript are available at RootsofHealthInequity.org of NACCHO.
Roots of Health Inequity Dialogues: Designing Staff Development to Strengthen...Jim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
Presentation and 3 20-minute exercises prepared for the annual conference of the Illinois Public Health Association, September 12, 2019 in Springfield, Illinois, USA. Abstract: The Cook County Department of Public Health (CCDPH) used the National Association of County and City Health Officials' online course for the public health workforce Roots of Health Inequity, to accomplish three goals: change the way staff think about public health; change the way staff practice public health; and apply health equity principles to the daily work. Chief Operating Officer Terry Mason, MD, required all staff to participate in the training.
Increasing the integration of a health equity approach by first training staff on health equity and how it is relevant to their work was a priority of the agency strategic plan, as well as a QI and Workforce Development priority for CCDPH.
Components of the CCDPH Roots of Health Inequity Dialogues include the creation of 1small groups for in-person discussion; a leadership committee; training staff as facilitators; evaluation; a commitment to dialogue. The small group-approach accomplished two things: dialogue and discussion were maximized, while disruption of regular duties and health department functions was minimized.
Reliance on staff to facilitate dialogues strengthened leadership for health equity within the health department, and eliminated the need for external facilitation. In addition, the “insider” knowledge of the Facilitators—most of whom have years of experience working at CCDPH---ensured that dialogue leaders understood the institutional culture, and increased the likelihood that the dialogues will be able to examine real barriers as well as opportunities to practice transformation.
Chicago Panels Details COOKED documentary Film July 12-25, 2019Jim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
This is a list of the panels and panelists for the July 12-25 2019 screenings of COOKED in Chicago, Illinois at the Gene Siskel Film Center, 164 N. State St., Chicago, Illinois. USA
New approaches for moving upstream how state and local health departments can...Jim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
Growing evidence shows that unequal distribution of wealth and power across race, class, and gender produces the differences in living conditions that are “upstream” drivers of health inequalities. Health educators and other public health professionals, however, still develop interventions that focus mainly on “downstream” behavioral risks. Three factors explain the difficulty in translating this knowledge into practice. First, in their allegiance to the status quo, powerful elites often resist upstream policies and programs that redistribute wealth and power. Second, public health practice is often grounded in dominant biomedical and behavioral paradigms, and health departments also face legal and political limits on expanding their scope of activities. Finally, the evidence for the impact of upstream interventions is limited, in part because methodologies for evaluating upstream interventions are less developed. To illustrate strategies to overcome these obstacles, we profile recent campaigns in the United States to enact living wages, prevent mortgage foreclosures, and reduce exposure to air pollution. We then examine how health educators working in state and local health departments can transform their practice to contribute to campaigns that reallocate the wealth and power that shape the living conditions that determine health and health inequalities. We also consider health educators’ role in producing the evidence that can guide transformative expansion of upstream interventions to reduce health inequalities.
Editorial: Evidence based policy or policy based evidence? by Michael MarmotJim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
A simple prescription would be to review the scientific evidence of what would make a difference, formulate policies, and implement them—evidence based policy making. Unfor- tunately this simple prescription, applied to real life, is simplistic. The relation between science and policy is more complicated. Scientific findings do not fall on blank minds that get made up as a result. Science engages with busy minds that have strong views about how things are and ought to be.
Can health equity survive epidemiology? Standards of proof and social determi...Jim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
Objective. This article examines how epidemiological evidence is and should be used in the context of increasing concern for health equity and for social determinants of health.
Method. A research literature on use of scientific evidence of “environmental risks” is outlined, and key issues compared with those that arise with respect to social determinants of health.
Results. The issue sets are very similar. Both involve the choice of a standard of proof, and the corollary need to make value judgments about how to address uncertainty in the context of “the inevitability of being wrong,” at least some of the time, and to consider evidence from multiple kinds of research design. The nature of such value judgments and the need for methodological pluralism are incompletely understood.
Conclusion. Responsible policy analysis and interpretation of scientific evidence require explicit consideration of the ethical issues involved in choosing a standard of proof. Because of the stakes involved, such choices often become contested political terrain. Comparative research on how those choices are made will be valuable.
The importance of public policy as a determinant of health is routinely acknowledged, but there remains a continuing absence of mainstream debate about the ways in which the politics, power and ideology, which underpin public policy influence people's health. This paper explores the possible reasons behind the absence of a politics of health and demonstrates how explicit acknowledgement of the political nature of health will lead to more effective health promotion strategy and policy, and to more realistic and evidence-based public health and health promotion practice
REDSACOL ALAMES ante la intromision imperial [REDSACOL ALAMES facing imperial...Jim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
Statement from the Red de Salud Colectiva of the Asociacion Latinoamericana de Medicina Social y Salud Colective (Latin American Association of Social Medicine and Collective Health) distributed February 1, 2019 on the ALAMES list serve by Oscar Feo Isturiz, physician, specialist in public health and occupational health, and retired professor at the University of Carabobo, Venezuela. He advises the Ministries of Health of El Salvador and Bolivia. He is on the Consultative Committee of ALAMES.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
Follow us on: Pinterest
Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Are There Any Natural Remedies To Treat Syphilis.pdf
Statement...On The Grand Jury Decision Re the Death of Michael Brown
1. Statement from the National Collaborative for Health Equity on the Grand Jury Decision Regarding the Death of Michael Brown The National Collaborative for Health Equity joins many other racial justice organizations around the nation in decrying the failure of the Grand Jury convened in the Michael Brown killing to indict Ferguson, MO police officer Darren Wilson, who was responsible for Brown’s death. Officer Wilson killed Brown, an unarmed African-American teenager, leading to weeks of protest, much of which was exacerbated by a highly militarized response by police reacting to a community’s outrage. Both the failure to indict Wilson, which would have led to a jury trial to determine his guilt or innocence, and the subsequent aggressive police response, have illustrated how racism continues to shape the landscape of too many U.S. cities and devalue the lives of people of color. We know from a large and growing body of scientific research that unconscious psychological phenomena powerfully shape how people of color are viewed and treated in U.S. society. These processes – which include implicit racial bias (the tendency among the vast majority of Americans, including many people of color, to have stronger, quicker, automatically-activated and unconscious associations between positive words and images of white faces, and conversely to possess stronger, quicker associations between negative words and images of African-American faces), racial anxiety (the tendency among many Americans to feel anxious in cross-race interactions about whether they will be perceived as racially biased), and masculinity threat (the fear among men that their masculinity will be challenged, particularly when interacting with African-American men and boys) – have been demonstrated to shape how people interpret and respond to cross-race interactions, even if these individuals abhor racism and express egalitarian views. In other words, Officer Wilson, like a large majority of other Americans, may have responded with violence to Michael Brown simply because he was an African-American male, and might not have responded in the same way with a white youth. A fair trial of Officer Wilson would have at least allowed prosecutors to examine whether these unconscious processes played a role in Brown’s death, despite Wilson’s racially “neutral” defense that he felt threatened by the teen. Aggressive policing and inequitable treatment of people of color by police not only is unfair and counter to American values, it also increases risks for poor health in communities of color – and not just among those directly harmed by police actions. It can lead to distrust of police and an unwillingness to cooperate with police investigations. It also contributes to high levels of stress among those innocent persons treated with suspicion by police, and erodes a community’s sense of security. The National Collaborative calls for police departments around the country to avoid future tragedies such as Brown’s death by receiving training on implicit bias and other unconscious processes, and understanding the role that they play in everyday policing decisions. We also call for news media to provide more fair and balanced reporting of news involving people of color, and to focus attention on the structural barriers at the root of so many racial inequities, whether related to policing and criminal justice, economic opportunity, health, and the like. And we call on our leaders – elected officials, clergy, business leaders, civic leaders, and others – to bravely lead a national conversation on race and racism. Evidence reveals that racism literally kills people of color. This is not only morally wrong, but it also threatens to continue to erode the fabric of American society in ways that hurt all of us.
