Charles Severance discussed the history and updates of open standards for learning tools interoperability. He covered the development of LTI versions 1.0, 1.1, 2.0, and upcoming versions 2.1 and 2.2. LTI aims to allow learning tools from different providers to integrate securely with learning management systems. Version 2.0 introduced a RESTful architecture using JSON and registration of tools to share capabilities. Version 2.1 will add re-registration capabilities. Common Cartridge and Caliper analytics standards also relate to advancing open interoperability.