The document discusses Stalin's "Second Revolution" in the Soviet Union in the 1930s. It aimed to 1) build socialism more fully, 2) defend socialism against external and internal threats, and 3) match Lenin's achievements. Stalin's revolution involved economic modernization through industrialization and collectivization, social transformation to create "Homo Sovieticus," and the establishment of a totalitarian one-party state and cult of personality. Key aspects included collectivization of agriculture into kolkhozes, industrialization through five-year plans, and the use of terror through the Great Purge.

1. The ‘Great Turn’ The Barge Haulers, IlyaRepin, 1873StalingradThe VolgaPioneerPravda‘Dreams Come True!’

2. Why a ‘Second Revolution’?

3. To build socialism(‘Life has improved, comrades. Life has become more joyous’. Stalin, Nov. 1935)

4. 2. To defend socialism against ‘capitalist encirclement’, ‘wreckers’, and ‘class enemies’(‘We are fifty or a hundred years behind the advanced countries. We must make good this distance in ten years. Either we do it, or they will crush us.’ Stalin, Feb. 1931)

5. 3. To match Lenin’s achievement(‘we have everything necessary to construct the complete socialism’. Stalin quoting Lenin, Feb. 1938)

6. What Was ‘The Revolution from Above’?1. Economic modernisation (the industrial & agricultural revolutions)2. Social transformation (creating Homo Sovieticus)3. Totalitarianism (building the one party state & the cult of personality)

7. How was Stalin’s Revolution to be achieved?Collectivisation (the kolkhozes)2. Industrialisation (the five year plans)3. Terror (the ‘Great Terror’ and the purges)For a podcast and other resources on the Second Revolution go to:http://thehistoryfaculty.com/resources/hfc0011jh001.php