This document describes a novel family of medicinal nanoparticles called porphyrine adducts of fullerene C60. These nanoparticles are designed to selectively deliver the paramagnetic isotope 25Mg2+ to cell compartments in heart muscle and lymphocytes. This targeted delivery of 25Mg2+ promotes a local increase in ATP production through a magnetic isotope effect, even under low oxygen conditions. The nanoparticles are capable of smart behavior by gradually releasing 25Mg2+ only in response to metabolic acidosis caused by tissue hypoxia. The nanoparticles have low toxicity, are safe and efficient, and can be eliminated from the body through normal metabolic pathways. They show potential for both short and long term medical applications.
Understanding the Basis of Photosynthesis.Light reaction, Carbon Fixation, Calvin Cycle C4 Plants and CAM plants.
Adapted from and copyright @ Plant Physiology, 3rd edby Lincoln Taiz and Eduardo Zeiger
Any of the chemical reactions that take place during the second stage of photosynthesis and do not require light. During the dark reactions, energy released from ATP (created by the light reactions) drives the fixation of carbon from carbon dioxide in organic molecules. The Calvin Cycle forms part of the dark reactions. As long as ATP is available, the dark reactions can occur in darkness or in light.
Selective Cellobiose Photoreforming for Simultaneous Gluconic Acid and Syngas...Pawan Kumar
Here, we demonstrate the selective cellobiose (building block of cellulose) photoreforming for gluconic acid and syngas co-production in acidic conditions by rationally designing a bifunctional polymeric carbon nitride (CN) with potassium/sulfur co-dopant. This heteroatomic doped CN photocatalyst possesses enhanced visible light absorption, higher charge separation efficiency than pristine CN. Under acidic conditions, cellobiose is not only more efficiently hydrolyzed into glucose but also promotes the syngas and gluconic acid production. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal the favorable generation of •O2− during the photocatalytic reaction, which is essential for gluconic acid production. Consequently, the fine-designed photocatalyst presents excellent cellobiose conversion (>80%) and gluconic acid selectivity (>70%) together with the co-production of syngas (~56 μmol g-1 h-1) under light illumination. The current work demonstrates the feasibility of biomass photoreforming with value-added chemicals and syngas co-production under mild condition.
Understanding the Basis of Photosynthesis.Light reaction, Carbon Fixation, Calvin Cycle C4 Plants and CAM plants.
Adapted from and copyright @ Plant Physiology, 3rd edby Lincoln Taiz and Eduardo Zeiger
Any of the chemical reactions that take place during the second stage of photosynthesis and do not require light. During the dark reactions, energy released from ATP (created by the light reactions) drives the fixation of carbon from carbon dioxide in organic molecules. The Calvin Cycle forms part of the dark reactions. As long as ATP is available, the dark reactions can occur in darkness or in light.
Selective Cellobiose Photoreforming for Simultaneous Gluconic Acid and Syngas...Pawan Kumar
Here, we demonstrate the selective cellobiose (building block of cellulose) photoreforming for gluconic acid and syngas co-production in acidic conditions by rationally designing a bifunctional polymeric carbon nitride (CN) with potassium/sulfur co-dopant. This heteroatomic doped CN photocatalyst possesses enhanced visible light absorption, higher charge separation efficiency than pristine CN. Under acidic conditions, cellobiose is not only more efficiently hydrolyzed into glucose but also promotes the syngas and gluconic acid production. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal the favorable generation of •O2− during the photocatalytic reaction, which is essential for gluconic acid production. Consequently, the fine-designed photocatalyst presents excellent cellobiose conversion (>80%) and gluconic acid selectivity (>70%) together with the co-production of syngas (~56 μmol g-1 h-1) under light illumination. The current work demonstrates the feasibility of biomass photoreforming with value-added chemicals and syngas co-production under mild condition.
Comparison of the structures and vibrational modes of carboxybiotin and n car...John Clarkson
J. Clarkson & P.R. Carey, "Comparison of the Structures and Vibrational Modes of Carboxybiotin and N-Carboxy-2-imidazolidone" J. Phys. Chem. A, 103, 2851-2856, 1999.
Abstract: Novel graphene oxide (GO) tethered Co(II) phthalocyanine complex [CoPc–GO] was synthesized via a stepwise procedure and demonstrated to be an efficient, cost effective and recyclable photocatalyst for the reduction of carbon dioxide to produce methanol as the main product. The developed GO-immobilized CoPc was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), FT-IR, XPS, Raman, diffusion reflection UV-Vis spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), TGA, BET, SEM and TEM. FT-IR, XPS, Raman, UV-Vis and ICP-AES along with elemental analysis results showed that Co(II) Pc complex was successfully grafted on GO. The prepared catalyst was used for the photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide by using water as a solvent and triethylamine as the sacrificial donor. Methanol was obtained as the major reaction product along with the formation of minor amount of CO (0.82 %). It was found that GO-grafted CoPc exhibited higher photocatalytic activity than homogeneous CoPc as well as graphene oxide and showed good recoverability without significant leaching during the reaction. Quantitative determination of methanol was done by GC-FID and confirmation of product was done by NMR. The yield of methanol after 48 hours of reaction by using GO-CoPc catalyst in the presence of sacrificial donor triethylamine was found to be 3781.8881μmol.g-1-cat and the conversion rate was found to be 78.7893 μmol.g-1cat.h-1. After the photoreduction experiment, the catalyst was easily recovered by filtration and reused for the subsequent recycling experiment without significant change in the catalytic efficiency
Heterostructured tin phthalocyanine supported to mesoporous ceria was synthesized and used a photocatalyst for CO2 reduction under visible light. The photoreduction CO2 activities of the heterostructures were investigated in the presence of triethylamine as sacrificial agent. The developed photocatalyst exhibited high catalytic activity for photoreduction of CO2 and after 24 hours of visible light irradiation 2342 μmol g-1-cat of methanol (ϕMeOH = 0.0223 or 2.23 %) and 840 μmol g-1 cat of CO (ϕCO = 0.0026 or 0.26 %) were obtained as the major reaction products.The methanol formation rate (RMeOH) and CO formation rate (RCO) was found to be 97.5 μmol h-1 g-1 cat and 35.0 μmol h-1 g-1 cat respectively. While under the identical experimental conditions mesoporous ceria (meso-CeO2) gave only 316 μmol g-1 cat of methanol (ϕMeOH = 0.003 or 0.30 %) and 126 μmol g-1 cat CO (ϕCO = 0.0004 or 0.04 %) with product formation rate RMeOH=13.2 μmol h-1 g-1 cat and RCO=5.3 μmol h-1 g-1 cat. Furthermore, the recovered catalyst showed consistent catalytic activity for at least five runs without any significant loss in product yields
Characterization of biodegradable poly(3 hydroxybutyrate-co-butyleneadipate) ...Giuseppe Puzzo
Copolymers containing (R)-3 hydroxybutyric acid (HB), 1,4-butanediol (B), and adipic acid (A) were synthesized by microwave assisted transesterification of biodegradable poly(R-3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and poly(1,4-butyleneadipate) (PBA) in solution at different reaction times, composition of the starting mixture, and amount of 4-toluenesulfonic acid, used as a catalyst. The copolyesters were characterized with regard to their molecular weights, thermal properties, molar composition, and average block length of repeating units by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXS), 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR, respectively. Random and microblock copolymers could be obtained depending on experimental conditions, with weight-average molecular weight of up to 17000. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of all samples lay in the range between the Tgs of PBA and PHB, while their structure varied from partially crystalline to totally amorphous. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectra of copolymers allowed us to ascertain that they were hydroxyl and carboxyl chain-end terminated.
Theoretical calculations of chemical shifts of metal (Hg (II), Pb (II), Ag (I...iosrphr_editor
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
Electrochemical properties of myoglobin deposited on multi walled carbon nano...Expand_Lives
We report the direct electrochemical and electrocatalytic properties of myoglobin (MB) on a multi-walled
carbon nanotube/ciprofloxacin (MWCNT/CF) film-modified electrode. A highly homogeneous MWCNT
thin-film was prepared on an electrode surface using ciprofloxacin (CF) as a dispersing agent. MB was
then electrochemically deposited onto the MWCNT/CF-modified electrode. The MB/MWCNT/CF film was
characterized by scanning electron microscopy and UV–visible spectroscopy (UV–vis). UV–vis spectra
confirmed that MB retained its original state on the MWCNT/CF film. Direct electrochemical properties of MB on the MWCNT/CF film were investigated by cyclic voltammetry. The formal potential and
electron transfer rate constant were evaluated in pH 7.2 buffer solution as−0.327 V and 300 s
−1
, respectively. In addition, the MB/MWCNT/CF-modified electrode showed excellent electrocatalytic properties
for the reduction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The MB/MWCNT/CF-modified electrode was used for the
detection of H2O2at concentrations from 1×10
−6
Mto7×10
−4
M in pH 7.2 buffer solution. Overall, the
MB/MWCNT/CF-modified electrode was very stable and has potential for development as a H2O2sensor.
Similar to Д.А.Кузнецев. Университет им.Н.И.Пирогова(РГМУ) (20)
1. A NOVEL FAMILY OF MEDICINAL
NANOPARTICLES TO PROMOTE THE
MAGNETIC ISOTOPE EFFECT FOR
PHARMACOLOGICAL PURPOSES
Dmitry A. Kuznetsov
Vladimir P. Chekhonin
N.N. Semenov Institute for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of
Sciences, Moscow, Russia
Department of Medicinal Nanobiotechnology, N.I. Pirogov Russian State
Medical University, Moscow, Russia
4. The rate of ATP formation by mitochondria (A) and by creatine
kinase (B) as a function of magnesium isotope
intact mitochondria
mitochondria subjected to a selective blockade of oxidative
phosphorylation by 1-methylnicotine amide.
A B
25
1.0
24 26
The yield of ATP is given in mmole/g total protein
5. ION – RADICAL PAIRS
FORMATION
(SINGLET – TRIPLET PATH
SHIFT)
MECHANISM
OF THE 25Mg MAGNETIC
ISOTOPE EFFECT
EXPRESSED
IN A BIOLOGICAL
PHOSPHORYLATION
PRECESSES
(Mt-CK)
6. THE CK CATALYTIC SITE NANOTOPOLOGY IMPACT ONTO
THE REAGENTS ELECTRON DENSITY OVERLAP
A combined systemic solution of both Schroedinger
and Poissone equations processed
8. A phosphorylation rate expressed as the yield (Y) of -[32P]ATP
produced by 1 mg of pure enzyme per 1 min related to the ATP synthesis
rate (Y0) directed by enzyme sample with a natural abundance of Mg2+
isotopes as a function of 25Mg content in CK active sites.
10. PMC16 CATIONITE PROPERTIES AND THE NANOCLUSTERS FORMATION AS A
FUNCTION OF pH
14.8nm
10.2nm
6.4nm
4.7nm
3.2nm
1.15nm
pH
Blue arrow shows the iron-dextrane sphere exclusion limit
Blue arrow shows the iron-dextrane sphere exclusion limit
, portion of the total PMC16 magnesium
11. THE EFFECT OF A PMC16 – TARGETED DELIVERY OF Mg2+ ON
THE DOXORUBICIN (DXR) PRE – SUPPRESSED ATP
PRODUCTION IN RAT MYOCARDIUM
0.8 DL50 DXR, i.v., 6 hrs → PMC16, i.v., 6 hrs
12. SYNERGISM OF THE MITOCHONDRIAL MATRIX CK ACTIVITY,
MAGNESIUM CATIONS INFLUX AND THE FREE PROTONS
EXCESS DEGREE
CK Relative Activity
The isolated rat myocardium mitochondria tested.
Yellow / Red stands for the spinless / spin Mg isotopes ratio.
13. SYNERGISM OF THE ATP YIELD, OXYGEN CONSUMPTION AND
THE Mg2+ INFLUX IN THE PERFUSED ISOLATED RABBIT HEART
MUSCLE TISSUE
A B
ATP yield, Y/Yo
ATP yield, Y/Yo
A – Zero spin magnesium test B – Magnetic magnesium test
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19. ELECTRON TRANSMITTING MICROPHOTOGRAMS OF THE
RAT MYOCARDIOCYTIC PERINUCLEAR AREAS
A B
D
C
A, C – PMC16 related hypoxia preventing effect
B – Inhalation oxygen deficiency hypoxia model
D – Intact myocardium
20. PMC16 CLUSTER POSITIONING INSIDE THE RAT
MYOCARDIOCYTIC MITOCHONDRIAL MEMBRANE IN METABOLIC
ACIDOSIS (a, c) AND IN NORMAL CONDITIONS (b, d)
a, b – Laser contrast (Nanofinder-S-6A) images
C, d – Confocal scanning microscopy
22. A HIGHLY SELECTIVE TRAGETING OF PMC16 NANOPARTICELS TOWARDS THE
RAT HEART MUSCLE IN A COURSE OF THE LONG – TERM ADMINISTRATION
OF AN EXTRA LOW DRUG DOSAGE
26. CONCLUSIONS
PORPHYRINE ADDUCTS OF FULLERENE C60,
A NEW FAMILY OF MEDICINAL NANOPARTICLES TO
MEET THE FOLLOWING EXPECTATIONS:
• Tissue-selective targeted delivery of 25Mg2+ paramagnetics
to the porphyrin-signaling cell compartments in
myocardium and, to a lesser degree, lymphocytes
• The 25Mg2+-related magnetic isotope effect to promote a
local and fast, jump-up increase of ATP production, even
in the tissue oxygen deplete of any sort
• Smart nanoparticles behavior while in Mt-membrane, i.e. a
gradual 25Mg2+ release that occurs exclusively in response
to the tissue hypoxia-caused metabolic acidosis
• Low toxic, safe, efficient and completely eliminable (C60-
clearing / porphyrin metabolizing) agents, all suitable for
either short or long term administration schemes
