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区块链原理
1.
区块链技术分享 区块链工作原理 Anqiren
2.
• 什么是区块链 • 区块链块结构 •
区块链工作原理 • 比特币交易过程 • 区块链上的资产 • 区块链解决的问题 • 区块链的弊端
3.
什么是区块链 • 为比特币而设计的一种特殊的数据结构。 • 基于密码学中椭圆曲线数字签名算法(ECDSA) 来实现去中心化(P2P)的系统。 •
它由矿工通过挖矿活动来维护,交易者使用。
4.
什么是区块链 区块1 ...... 区块n
区块n+1
5.
• 什么是区块链 • 区块链块结构 •
区块链工作原理 • 比特币交易过程 • 区块链上的资产 • 区块链解决的问题 • 区块链的弊端
6.
区块链块结构 版本号:4byte 父区块哈希:32byte merkle root:32byte 时间戳:4byte 难度值:4byte Nonce:4byte 包体:nbyte,存放按时间 戳顺序排列的交易信息。 交 易 计 数 器 : 1~9byte 包 大 小 : 4byte
7.
区块链块结构 • 父区块哈希:计算出的目前区块链中最后一个区 块头的哈希值。是形成链式结构的关键。
8.
区块链块结构 • Merkle root:由区块主体中所有交易的哈希值再 逐级两两哈希计算出来的一个数值。
9.
区块链块结构 • 难度值、nonce:难度值是一个特解区间,nonce 又称之为幸运数字。 • 包大小:目前每个包的大小被限制在1M之内 •
通过改变nonce值,并通过计算区块头SHA256值 来寻求满足要求的特解。
10.
• 什么是区块链 • 区块链块结构 •
区块链工作原理 • 比特币交易过程 • 区块链上的资产 • 区块链解决的问题 • 区块链的弊端
11.
区块链工作原理 • 区块链网络结构(目前的比特币网络)
12.
区块链工作原理 • 矿工的挖矿活动(mining):全网所有矿工通过 计算区块头SHA256值寻求满足难度要求的特解, 来争取当前区块记账权的过程,并获取系统或交 易者的报酬。
13.
• 什么是区块链 • 区块链块结构 •
区块链工作原理 • 比特币交易过程 • 区块链上的资产 • 区块链解决的问题 • 区块链的弊端
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比特币交易过程 • A账户转1.23比特币给B账户 • 1、创建一条交易单,填入收款人B、付款人A、 1.23比特币来自于何处等信息。用B的公钥加密, A的私钥签名。 •
2、把交易单广播到比特币P2P网络里(全网广 播最终所有人都可以收到)。 • 3、矿工把一段时间(平均10分钟)内收到的n 条交易记录(包括A转给B的)打包成一个区块。
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比特币交易过程 • 4、矿工算填好数据头,并计算区块头SHA256满 足难度要求的特解(通过改变区块头中的nonce 值,来反复计算区块头SHA256,直到找到一个 小于难度要求的的SHA256值)。 • 5、如果找到了合适的nonce值(靠运气&计算 力),则直接把该区块广播到P2P网络,请求其 他矿工确认。 •
6、其他矿工收到该请求则立即停下手头工作来 判定该区块是否合法(区块合法、A有足够的钱、 并且这笔钱没有支付给别人)。
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比特币交易过程 • 7、如果该区块合法,则未算出的矿工把该区块 添加到区块链的主链上,并舍弃自己之前的工作。 否则不予以确认,并继续工作。 • 8、B从P2P网络上不断收到确认信息,当B收到 的确认信息足够多时,就可以确定A的确发出了 这笔交易,之后B就可以自由使用这笔钱了。
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• 什么是区块链 • 区块链块结构 •
区块链工作原理 • 比特币交易过程 • 区块链上的资产 • 区块链解决的问题 • 区块链的弊端
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区块链上的资产 • 账户:一个账户就是一对公私钥。公钥广播给所 有人,私钥自己保管好。 • 私钥是账户的唯一凭证。 •
一个人的账户数量无限制。
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• 什么是区块链 • 区块链块结构 •
区块链工作原理 • 比特币交易过程 • 区块链上的资产 • 区块链解决的问题 • 区块链的弊端
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区块链解决的问题 • 去中心化 整个网络不再依赖某一个中心服务器。 • 解决去中心化之后的信任问题 通过数学原理解决信任问题,不需要信任任 何一个节点,但是结果可信。
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• 什么是区块链 • 区块链块结构 •
区块链工作原理 • 比特币交易过程 • 区块链上的资产 • 区块链解决的问题 • 区块链的弊端
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区块链的弊端 • 交易频率低(最高7笔每秒),不宜大规模应用。 • 区块链的体积会越来越大,最终导致拥有完整区 块链的节点会变少。 •
高能耗,每天矿工需要消耗非常高的电能来挖矿。 • 等待确认时间长,每一笔交易平均要等十分钟才 能有一个确认,一般要6确认之后才可靠。
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区块链Q&A • 区块链记录了所有交易记录,体积不会变得越来 越大? • 矿工们都在并行工作,加上网络延迟,区块链会 不会分叉? •
区块链某个矿工擅自修改交易记录怎么办? • 比特币会越来越多吗?
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区块链Q&A • 比特币挖完之后矿工没奖励罢工了怎么办? • 转账错了能撤销吗? •
同一笔钱花给两个人怎么办? • 为什么交易频率这么低? • 这么多矿工随时加入退出,怎么控制生成块的速度 的?
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区块链Q&A
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谢谢
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