1. The document discusses the history of Western classical music from ancient civilizations to the 20th century. It covers major periods, styles, genres, forms, and influential composers through each era. 2. The periods discussed include the Middle Ages, Renaissance, Baroque, Classical, Romantic, Impressionistic, and 20th century. Some notable developments mentioned are the invention of polyphony, rise of homophony, tonality, nationalism, atonality, and electronic music. 3. Many famous composers are mentioned briefly, including Bach, Handel, Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven, Chopin, Debussy, Stravinsky, Schoenberg, and Copland.

1. 3
Middle age 5-6
( Pitch and time )

2. Melody
12
( : http://blog.krudontree.info/?p=143)

3. ************
(2522: 1)
2
(1)
(2)
(Ancient Civilization)
((((Pentatonic Scale)Pentatonic Scale)Pentatonic Scale)Pentatonic Scale)

4. 1000
Mode (Tetrachord)
Percy A scholes ( ,2541:10)
550 Pythagoras
1
(Octave) 3 2 3
5
4 3 4 4
3 Pythagoras 1
4 (Tetrachord) 2 4
Pythagoras 3
1. semitone – tone – tone 4 (Dorian Tetrachord)
2. tone - semitone – tone 4 (Phrygian Tetrachord)
3. tone – tone – semitone 4 (Lydian Tetrachord)
Tetrachord 3 Tetrachord
2
(Pythagorian Scale)
(Ionian)
(Major Scale)
(Mode)
E- E ( ) D- D
The Music of
Early Greece Beatric Perham (1937:24) 3

5. Dorian = E D CB, A G FE
Phrygian = D CB A G FE D
Lydian = CB A G FE D C
(Descending Scale)
(semitone)(semitone)(semitone)(semitone) (tone)
************
( : http://mecbangna.igetweb.com/?mo=3&art=443759)
20

6. 1.1.1.1. ((((Middle Ages )Middle Ages )Middle Ages )Middle Ages )
. . 400 - 1400
1470
((((Chant)Chant)Chant)Chant) ((((Pope GregoryPope GregoryPope GregoryPope Gregory
the Great)the Great)the Great)the Great)
((((Gregory ChanGregory ChanGregory ChanGregory Chant)t)t)t)
((((Monophony)Monophony)Monophony)Monophony)

7. 9
2
((((Organum)Organum)Organum)Organum)
((((Polyphony)Polyphony)Polyphony)Polyphony)

8. 2222
(Jonglour)
(Minstrel) (Trouveres)
(Troubadour)

9. 2.2.2.2. ((((The Renaissance Period)The Renaissance Period)The Renaissance Period)The Renaissance Period)
. . 1400 – 1600
((((Imitative Polyphony)Imitative Polyphony)Imitative Polyphony)Imitative Polyphony)
((((Homophony)Homophony)Homophony)Homophony)
3/4 4/4
((((Mass)Mass)Mass)Mass) ((((Motet)Motet)Motet)Motet)
((((Madrigal)Madrigal)Madrigal)Madrigal)
---- ((((Dynamic)Dynamic)Dynamic)Dynamic)
The Birth of VenusThe Birth of VenusThe Birth of VenusThe Birth of Venus
2.12.12.12.1

10. “Renaissance”“Renaissance”“Renaissance”“Renaissance” ““““ ” (Re” (Re” (Re” (Re----birth)birth)birth)birth)
15151515 16161616
(((( ,2535:89),2535:89),2535:89),2535:89)

11. 1.1.1.1. 15151515
((((Feudalism)Feudalism)Feudalism)Feudalism) ((((Humanism)Humanism)Humanism)Humanism)
3333
4444
4444
((((Polyphonic chanson)Polyphonic chanson)Polyphonic chanson)Polyphonic chanson) 1111 ((((ImitativeImitativeImitativeImitative
style)style)style)style) ((((Homophony)Homophony)Homophony)Homophony)

12. 2.2.2.2. 16161616
((((Fugue)Fugue)Fugue)Fugue)
““““ ” (Chorale)” (Chorale)” (Chorale)” (Chorale)
((((Middle Ages)Middle Ages)Middle Ages)Middle Ages) ((((Secular Music)Secular Music)Secular Music)Secular Music)

13. ((((Secular Music)Secular Music)Secular Music)Secular Music) ((((SacredSacredSacredSacred
Music)Music)Music)Music)
1.1.1.1. ((((Polyphony)Polyphony)Polyphony)Polyphony) 3333----4444 16161616
2.2.2.2. “The Golden Ageof“The Golden Ageof“The Golden Ageof“The Golden Ageof Polyphony”Polyphony”Polyphony”Polyphony”
2.2.2.2. RhythmRhythmRhythmRhythm Duple timeDuple timeDuple timeDuple time Triple timeTriple timeTriple timeTriple time
3.3.3.3. 3333
----
((((Viols)Viols)Viols)Viols) ((((Rebec)Rebec)Rebec)Rebec)

16. 3.3.3.3. ((((The Baroque Period)The Baroque Period)The Baroque Period)The Baroque Period)
“Baroque” “Barroco” “ ”
(Irregularly shaped pearl)
Jacob Burckhardt
17 ( ,2535:96)
17
18 150
. .
18 (Polyphony)
(Monody)
“ (Basso Continuo)”
(Fugue) (Organchorale) (Toccata)
(Counterpoint)

17. . . 1600 – 1750
(Tonality)
C C
(Motif)
(Time Signature)
(Fugue)
(Antonio Vivaldi . . 1676 - 1741)
(Concerto)
2 – 4 (Concerto Grosso)
(Opera) (Opera)
(Claudio Monteverdi . . 1567 - 1643)

18. . . (Johann
Sebastian Bach . . 1685 - 1750) (George Frideric Handel . . 1685 -
1759)
““““ ””””
Messiah ( )
(Concerto Grosso)
12 2 Water Music
Fireworks Music
(Church Cantata) “ ”
. . “The Messiah”
“ ”
(Contrasting) – – –
(Trio Sonata)
(Concerto Grosso) (Simphonia) (Cantata)
(Improvisation)
(Ornamentation)
5 (G Clef) (F Clef)
(C Clef)
5
( ,2535: 147)

19. ( , . . .
: 56)
1.
2. Basso Continuo Figured
bass
3. Homophony
4. (Major) (Minor) (Mode)
5. (Counterpoint) (Homophony)
6. – – adagio, andante allegro

20. 7. Improvisation
8. (Form)
9.
10. (Opera)

21. 4.4.4.4. ((((The Classical Period)The Classical Period)The Classical Period)The Classical Period)
. . 1750 – 1820
(Pure Music
Absolute Music)
(Contrast)
2
(Piano)

22. 18 19
. . 1879 ( . .1756-1763)
1776 . . 1814
“ ” Age of Reason ( ,2535:102)
. . (J. S. Bach) 1750
(Baroque style) The (high) Classical era 1780
. . (J. S. Bach1730-1780) The early
classical period (Texture)
(Structure)
(Counterpoint)
(Improvisation)
Johann Stamitz Concert The Mannheim
orchestra (Composition)
(Orchestration) The sonata principle in 1st movement of
symphonies, second theme of Stamitz 1st theme Dramatic, striking
Incisive ( )
- (Dynamic)
Manheim orchestra Movement scheme of symphony - - –
– minuet – (minuet 3 )
GM Monn (String quartet )

23. -
(Rococo Period )
Lightly accompanied pleasing music Phrasing
(JC Bach, Sammartini, Hasse, Pergolesi ) Galant (Rococo Period )
Heavy ornamentation
19 CPE
Bach WF Bach
" " (" " (" " (" " (Classicism)Classicism)Classicism)Classicism)
“ ” (Classical)
Apollonian
18 (Ars
Antiqua) 20
(Classicism)
(J.S. Bach) (Handel) 2
18 18
(Viennese Classical Period)

24. (Objective)
(((( ,2535 :105),2535 :105),2535 :105),2535 :105)
1. (Forms)
2. (Melodic Style)
(Figuration Style)
Polyphony
3. (Homophonic Style)
(Theme)
Alberti bass Broken Chord
4. (Harmony)
(I)
(V) (IV) (Diatonic harmony)
(Chromatic harmony)
5. (Counterpoint)
(Counterpoint)
Counterpoint

25. 6. - (Dynamics) –
-
(Crescendo)
(Diminuendo)
1.1.1.1. ((((Franz Joseph HaydnFranz Joseph HaydnFranz Joseph HaydnFranz Joseph Haydn . .. .. .. . 1732173217321732 ---- 1828)1828)1828)1828)
104 ““““ ””””
(String Quartet)
2.2.2.2. ((((Wolfgang Amadeus MozartWolfgang Amadeus MozartWolfgang Amadeus MozartWolfgang Amadeus Mozart . .. .. .. . 1756175617561756 ---- 1791)1791)1791)1791)

26. 3.3.3.3. ((((Ludwig Van BeethovenLudwig Van BeethovenLudwig Van BeethovenLudwig Van Beethoven . .. .. .. . 1770177017701770 ---- 1827)1827)1827)1827)

27. 5.5.5.5. ((((the Romantic Period)the Romantic Period)the Romantic Period)the Romantic Period)
“ ”
(Formality) (Content) (Rationalism)
(Emotionalism) (Objectivity)
(Subjectivity)
-
- “Classicism”
19
18
20
( .( .( .( . 2535:111)2535:111)2535:111)2535:111)
1.
2.

28. 3. “ ” (Nationalism)
4. “ ” (Germanism)
5.
5.1
(Phrase)
5.2 7
9 (Chromatic Modulation)
5.3 (Tonality)
Chromatic Modulation
5.4
5.5 (Dynamics)
. . 1820 – 1900
(Concert)
(Chromatic Chord)
7,9 11
((((DescriptiveDescriptiveDescriptiveDescriptive
Music)Music)Music)Music) ((((Program Music)Program Music)Program Music)Program Music)
(Poem)
((((Symphonic Poem)Symphonic Poem)Symphonic Poem)Symphonic Poem)
((((Tone Poem)Tone Poem)Tone Poem)Tone Poem)
(Nationalism)

29. (Jean Sibelius) (Finlandia)
(Frederic Chopin) (Mazurka) (Polonaise)
1. (Jean Sibelius . . 1865 - 1957)
2. (Franz Liszt . . 1811 - 1886)
3. (Felix Mendelssohn . . 1809 - 1847)
4. (Frederic Chopin . . 1810 - 1849)
5. (Robert Schumann . . 1810 - 1856)
6. (Richard Wagner . . 1813 - 1883)
7. (Johannes Brahms . . 1833 - 1897)
8. (Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky . . 1846 - 1893)

30. 6.6.6.6. ((((The Impressionistic)The Impressionistic)The Impressionistic)The Impressionistic)
19 20 (1890 - 1910)
((((WholeWholeWholeWhole----tone Scale)tone Scale)tone Scale)tone Scale)
(Augmented) 6
““““ ”””” ““““ ””””
Monet,ManetMonet,ManetMonet,ManetMonet,Manet RenoirRenoirRenoirRenoir
( )
(Diatonic) 7
6 ( ) “
” (Whole – tone Scale)
“Gliding Chords”
“
…” “ …” (
,2535 :174)

31. 1. ---- ((((ClaudeClaudeClaudeClaude----Achille Debussy)Achille Debussy)Achille Debussy)Achille Debussy) 22
. . 2405 ( . . 1862) - - - 25
. . 2461 ( . . 1918)
…“
”
2. (Maurice Ravel,1875-1937)
7 1875 Ciboure St.Jean de Luz

32. 7 11
(Paris Conservatory) 14
“ ”
“ ” “ ”
- Pavane for a Dead Princess 1899
- String Quartet 1903, Introduction and Allegro 1905
- Daphnis et Chloe : Suite No. 2 1909-12,
- The Waltz 1920,
- Bolero 1928

33. 7.7.7.7. 20202020 (The Twentieth Century)(The Twentieth Century)(The Twentieth Century)(The Twentieth Century)
. . 1900

34. 20
20
1 “ ” (Polytonality)
12 “ ” (Atonality)
20202020
20
(Globalization) (Internet)
(Electronic)
(Acoustic)
4

35. 1. (Arnold Schoenberg,1874-1951)
13 1874
(Wagner)
(R.Strauss) (Mahler) (Brahms)
- (Twelve Tone System) – 12
(Tonic)
(The Freedom of Musical Sound : The Atonality)
“ ” (Serial Music)
20
“ - ” Five Pieces for Piano 1923
4 Serenade
“ - ” Suite for Piano 1924 “ ”

36. 300
“ ”
(Harmonielehre) 1911 (Theory of Harmony) 1947
1951
77 ( , 2535 : 260)

37. 2. (Bela Bartok, 1881-1945)
25 1881 Nagyszentmiklos
8
20
Duke
Bluebeard’s Castle, The Miraculous Mandarin
3 2 6
Mikrokosmos
150
1944
1945
26 1945

38. 3. (Igor Stravinky,1882-1971)
17 1882
(Tchaikovsky)
(Rimsky - Korsakov)
Neo – Classic “Neo” “ ” “
”
(Impressionis) (Abstractionism)
1
The Firebird, Petrushka, The
Rite of Spring (Le sacre du Printemps)
. .1910 8 . .1913
29 . . 1913 The Theatre des
Champs-Elysees (Pierre Monteux)

39. The Rite of Spring
Symphony in three movements, Ebony concerto (Rhapsody
concerto), Ragtime, The Song of the nightingale,Piano – Rag –
Music
6 . 1971
89
(San Michele)
( , 2535 : 280)
4. (Aban Berg, 1885 - 1935)
12
(Atonality)
( ,2535 :
180)

40. 5. (Sergei Prokofiev, 1891-1953)
23 1891
(Opera) 9
“ ”
5
Peter and the Wolf Romeo and Juliet War
and Peace ( , 2535 :293)
6. (Paul Hindemith, 1895-1963)
“Gebrauchsumsik”
Symphonic Mathis der Maler
Symphonic Metamorphose on Themes of Wehse
12 (Atonality)
( ,2535 :181)

41. 7. (George Gershwin, 1898 - 1937)
26 1898
1920-1930 Since I Found You
(Irving Berlin)
Alexander’s Ragtime Band
Rhapsody in Blue
Cuban Overture Concerto in F Piano
Preludes, Porgy and Bess (Folk opera), An American in Paris
La La Lucille
“ ” (Serious Music) (Jazz)
11 1937
“
” (
, 2535 : 300)

42. 8. (Aaron Copland, 1900-1991)
Billy the Kid, Rode Appalachian Spring
El Salon Mexico A Lincoln
Portrait
9. (Dmitri Shostakovich, 1906 - 1975)
25
1906
13 Nikolaev
20
Vstrechnyi (United Nations
Hymn)

43. 15
7 Leningrad Symphony (
1914 2 )
Lady Macbeth of Mt. Sensk District Leskov
Katerina Ismailova
“ ”” ” ” ” “
”
9 1975

44. 10. (Karlheinz Stockhausen1928 - )
20 12 (Atonality)
( ,2535 : 183)
- Gruppen 3
- Zyklus
- Kontelte Hymnen
Stimmung 6

45. 11. (Philip Glass, 1937-)
2 1 4
1
2
210 8
Music Fifth,
Music in Twelve Parts, Music with Changing Parts Einstein on the Beach
Satyagrapha
( ,2535 :184)