Steel mills, also known as steelworks, are industrial factories that specialize in the production of steel. They typically smelt down iron and carbon, mixing the two together in a specific ratio to create steel.
Steel mills, also known as steelworks, are industrial factories that specialize in the production of steel. They typically smelt down iron and carbon, mixing the two together in a specific ratio to create steel.
Director versus Shareholder Primacy in New Zealand Company Law as Compared to...Stephen Bainbridge
Any model of corporate governance must answer two basic sets of questions: (1) Who decides? In other words, when push comes to shove, who has ultimate control? (2) Whose interests prevail? When the ultimate decision maker is presented with a zero sum game, in which it must prefer the interests of one constituency class over those of all others, whose interests prevail?
On the means question, prior scholarship has almost uniformly favored either shareholder primacy or managerialism. On the ends question, prior scholarship has tended to favor either shareholder primacy or various stakeholder theories. In contrast, this author has proposed a “director primacy” model in which the board of directors is the ultimate decision maker but is required to evaluate decisions using shareholder wealth maximization as the governing normative rule.
Shareholder primacy is widely assumed to be a defining characteristic of New Zealand company law. In assessing that assumption, it is essential to distinguish between the means and ends of corporate governance. As to the latter, New Zealand law does establish shareholder wealth maximization as the corporate objective. As to the former, despite assigning managerial authority to the board of directors, New Zealand company law gives shareholders significant control rights.
Comparing New Zealand company law to the considerably more board-centric regime of U.S. corporate law raises a critical policy issue. If the separation of ownership and control mandated by the latter has significant efficiency advantages, as this article has argued, why has New Zealand opted for a more shareholder-centric model? The most plausible explanation focuses on domain issues, which suggest that there are a small number of New Zealand firms for which director primacy would be optimal. The unitary nature of the New Zealand government may also be a factor, because the competitive federalism inherent in the U.S. system of government promotes a race to the top in which efficient corporate law rules are favored.
Fuel prices aren't likely to drop in the future; worse, their sudden spikes mean your car's fuel-tank can quickly drain your wallet.The good news is there are several things you can do to make your car more fuel-efficient. Shared by: http://revol.com.sg/
고압반응기는 다양한 실험을 수행하기 위한 다목적용 반응기와 중합반응기, 초고온/초고압반응기, 그리고 특수한 실험 및 생산을 수행하기 위한 스페셜반응기로 분류하여 제작합니다.
It has diverse applications which are hydrothermal and decomposition, sublimation, extraction in laboratory by high pressure and temperature with various optional device.
Director versus Shareholder Primacy in New Zealand Company Law as Compared to...Stephen Bainbridge
Any model of corporate governance must answer two basic sets of questions: (1) Who decides? In other words, when push comes to shove, who has ultimate control? (2) Whose interests prevail? When the ultimate decision maker is presented with a zero sum game, in which it must prefer the interests of one constituency class over those of all others, whose interests prevail?
On the means question, prior scholarship has almost uniformly favored either shareholder primacy or managerialism. On the ends question, prior scholarship has tended to favor either shareholder primacy or various stakeholder theories. In contrast, this author has proposed a “director primacy” model in which the board of directors is the ultimate decision maker but is required to evaluate decisions using shareholder wealth maximization as the governing normative rule.
Shareholder primacy is widely assumed to be a defining characteristic of New Zealand company law. In assessing that assumption, it is essential to distinguish between the means and ends of corporate governance. As to the latter, New Zealand law does establish shareholder wealth maximization as the corporate objective. As to the former, despite assigning managerial authority to the board of directors, New Zealand company law gives shareholders significant control rights.
Comparing New Zealand company law to the considerably more board-centric regime of U.S. corporate law raises a critical policy issue. If the separation of ownership and control mandated by the latter has significant efficiency advantages, as this article has argued, why has New Zealand opted for a more shareholder-centric model? The most plausible explanation focuses on domain issues, which suggest that there are a small number of New Zealand firms for which director primacy would be optimal. The unitary nature of the New Zealand government may also be a factor, because the competitive federalism inherent in the U.S. system of government promotes a race to the top in which efficient corporate law rules are favored.
Fuel prices aren't likely to drop in the future; worse, their sudden spikes mean your car's fuel-tank can quickly drain your wallet.The good news is there are several things you can do to make your car more fuel-efficient. Shared by: http://revol.com.sg/
고압반응기는 다양한 실험을 수행하기 위한 다목적용 반응기와 중합반응기, 초고온/초고압반응기, 그리고 특수한 실험 및 생산을 수행하기 위한 스페셜반응기로 분류하여 제작합니다.
It has diverse applications which are hydrothermal and decomposition, sublimation, extraction in laboratory by high pressure and temperature with various optional device.
This Slide is made for Geocaching beginners.
Most of the hidden Geocache is colored by green, but Geocaches of Mystery & Puzzle type is marked "?" by blue color. Some Geocacher would make som character and letter like attached Slide Show..
If you enjoy this adventure, you can feel so good for your health, and get exciting, succeeding, satisfying for finding something that is called "Treasure"
3. 1. 폐기물 처리시스템의 변천 및 기술동향
소각기술의 변천
- 고효율, 환경오염 최소화 및 폐기물을 자원으로 활용하고자 하는 방향으로 기술이 발전되고 있음.
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4. 1. 폐기물 처리시스템의 변천 및 기술동향
해외(일본) 폐기물 처리설비 발주동향
- 소각재 규제로 새로운 무해화 처리시설의 필요성 대두 (2000. 1. 15 이후 신규 소각로 : 소각재
중 다이옥신 함량이 3ng-TEQ/g 이상일 경우 별도처리 의무화)
- 기존 소각 방식에서 열분해 용융시설로 시장 점유율이 급속히 증가
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6. 2. 열분해 가스화 용융 시스템 개요 (원리)
석탄, 석유, 천연가스 등 화석연료의 생성은 지진 등 지각변동으로 동.식물 등 유기물
질이 땅속에 매몰되어 장기간 지구내의 마그마로부터 열을 받고 무산소 상태에서 상
부의 흙에 눌려 압력을 받는 탄화 과정으로 생성
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7. 2. 열분해 가스화 용융 시스템 개요
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기본개념
① 다이옥신 발생억제
② 열회수율 향상
③ 직접재용융
④ 배기 가스량 억제
⑤ 금속류의 리사이클을 기본개념
8. 2. 열분해 가스화 용융 시스템 개요
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특 징
기본개념에서 제시한 조건을 실현하기 위해
쓰레기 처리부분을
① 열분해부
② Char 연소부
③ 재용융부
로 나누어 염소가 함유된 열분해가스를 1,300∼1,500℃의
재용융로에 직접도입해
처리하고 염소가 제거된 Char를 연소하는 Char 연소로
에 보일러 과열기를 설치하는
방법을 채용
9. 2. 열분해 가스화 용융 시스템 개요
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특 징
방식 특징 기술 과제
직결형태
열분해
용융방식
(가스화
용융로
방식)
로터리
킬른
방식
•안정된 열분해 가스화 반응이 가능
•유가 금속을 비산화로 회수 가능 •설치 공간이 타 방법에 비해 큼
유동상
방식
•고효율 발전이 기대됨
•컴팩트
•유가 금속을 비산화로 회수 가능
•불연물 배출기구의 확립이 필요
•안정한 유동기구의 확립이 필요
직접형태 열분해
용융방식
•외부 연료인 코크스를 이용하므로 보
다 안정된 용융이 가능
•컴팩트
•외부연료(코크스)가 필요
•유가금속의 회수가 곤란
분리형 재용융
방식
종래형태의 폐기물 발전기술에 부설가
능
기술적으로 심플
•소내율이 높고, 매전력이 다른 식
보다 적음
15. 4. 열분해 가스화 용융 시스템 공정 (Process)
① 전처리공정 : 폐기물이 파트에 투입 →크레인에 의해
파쇄기로 전달 →파쇄 → 열분해 드럼으로 이송
② 열분해공정 : 450℃의 온도에서 공기 차단된 분위기에서 행해짐
③ 연소용융공정 : 열분해가스와 열분해 카본은 로 상부의 버너에
의해 고온연소 용융로에서 1300℃로 연소 된다.
이 온도는 소각재의 용융온도보다 100~150℃
높게 설정되어 있어 안정된 용융상태 유지가능
④ 불연물 분별공정 : 열분해 드럼 하부에서 불연물, 재, 열분해
카본에 섞인 잔사 →450~80℃냉각 → 진동체
에서 분리 → 각각의 Hopper에 저장 →
1m m이하의 크기로 분쇄 → 고온 연소 용융로
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16. 4. 열분해 가스화 용융 시스템 공정
⑤ 배가스 처리공정 : 폐열보일러에서 나온 배가스는 기존기술을
조합한 프로세스에서 처리 대기유해물질의 연돌
출구조건을 만족 시킨 후 배출
⑥ 발전공정 : 이 프로세스는 폐기물이 가진 에너지의 약 24%는
전력으로 회수가능. Recycling 21의 공정은 재
를 용융상태로 배출 다른 프로세스보다 높은 전력
회수율 보임
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19. 19
6. 기대효과
환경친화적 시설구현
서울시 폐기물 처리
당면과제 해결
매립지에서 2차 환경오염 방지
운영비 절감
재활용 불가 잔재물 발생량 0% 이하
합성가스의 다양한 활용
- 복합발전
- 연료전지
- 화학연료
다이옥신 배출량 최소화
CO₂가스 배출량 최소화 =
지구온난화 방지
교토의정서 발효대비 가능
민원 발생 방지
첨단 열분해 용융시설
