ایران شناسی: هلنی ها در ایران
- 2. ﲞﺶ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺕ
•ﻣ ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭ ِﻥﺑﺮﺁﻣﺪﻘﺪﻭﻧﯽ
۱(ﻟﺸﮑﺮﮐﺸﯽﺑ ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭەﺍﻧﺎﺗﻮﻟﯽ.۲(ﺍ ﺳﺎﺯ ﺳﺮﻧﻮﺷﺖ ﺟﻨﮓﻳﺴﻮﺱ.۳(ﺳﻮﺭ ﺳﻘﻮﻁﻳﻪﻓ ﻭﻴﻨﻴّﻪﻴِﻘ.
۵(ﻓﻠﺴﻄ ﺳﻘﻮﻁﻴﻦﻣﺼﺮ ﻭ.۶(ﮔﺎﺅﮔﻤﻞ ﺟﻨﮓ.
•ﺑﺮﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﯼﺷﺎﻫﻨﺸﺎﻫﯽﻫﺨﺎﻣﻨﺸﯽﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ
۱(ﺷﻮﺵ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺑﻞ ﺳﻘﻮﻁ.۲(ﺑ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮ ﺳﻘﻮﻁەﺁﺗﺶﮐﺸﻴﺪﻩﲨﺸ ﲣﺖ ﺷﺪﻥﻴﺪ.۳(ﺩﺍﺭ ﻓﺮﺟﺎﻡﻳﻮﺵﺳﻮﻡ.
۵(ﻃﺮﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭ ﺗﺮﻭﺭ ﺡﻳﻮﻧﺎﻧﻴﺎﻥﺧﺪﺍ ﳐﺎﻟﻒﻳﯽﺍﻭ.۶(ﻓﺮﻭﺭﻳﺰﹺﯼﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦﻫﺨﺎﻣﻨﺸ ﺳﻨﮕﺮﯽ.
۶(ﻟﺸﮑﺮﮐﺸﯽﺑ ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭەﺳﺮﺯﻣﻴﻨﻬﺎﯼﻫﺨﺎﻣﻨﺸ ﻗﻠﻤﺮﻭﯽِﻨﺪﺳ ﻭ ﭘﻨﺠﺎﺏ ﺩﺭ.۷(ﺗﺎﺝﮔﺬﺍﺭﹺﯼﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭ
ﭘﺎﺳﺎﺭﮔﺎﺩ.
۸(ﻣﻘﺪﻭﻧ ﺍﻓﺴﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯﺩﻭﺍﺝﯽﺩﻭﺷ ﺑﺎﻴﺰﮔﺎﻥﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﯽ.۹(ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﺍ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓﻳﺮﺍﻧﯽﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭ ﺑﺮ.۱۰(ﻣﺮﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭ ﮒ
•ﺧﺎﻭﺭﻣﻴﺎﻧﻪﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺲ
۱(ﺟﻨﮕﻬﺎﯼﺩﺍﺧﻠﯽﺑﻴﺴﺖﺳﺎﻟ ﺩﻭ ﻭﮥﻣﻘﺪﻭﻧ ﺳﺮﺩﺍﺭﺍﻥﯽ.۲(ﭘﺎﺩﺷﺎﻫﯽﺟﺎﻧﺸ ﻭ ﺳﻠﻮﮐﻮﺱﻴﻨﺎﻧﺶ.
- 3. ِﻥﺑﺮﺁﻣﺪﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭﻣﻘﺪﻭﻧﯽ
ِﻩﺷﺎ ﮐە ﮔﻔﺘﻴﻢ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻴﺶﻣﻘﺪﻭﻧﻴە۔ﺩﻭﻡ ﻓﻴﻠﻴﭗﺑﺮﺧﯽ ِﮏﺑەﲢﺮﻳ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺍﺭﺩﺷﻴﺮ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ۔
ﻣﻨﺎﺻﺒ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﮐﻨﺎﺭﺷﺪﻩ ﹺﯽﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧ ِﻥﮐﺎﺭﮔﺰﺍﺭﺍ ﺍﺯﹺﻢﭘﺮﭼ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﻭﻧﻴﻪ ﺑە ﮐە ﺍﻧﺎﺗﻮﻟﯽ ﻏﺮﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺸﺎﻥ
ﺻﺪﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺩ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺷﺎﻫﻨﺸﺎﻫﯽ ﻗﻠﻤﺮﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻘﺪﻭﻧﻴﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻓﺮﺍﺷﺖ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺳﻠﻄﮥ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﻼﻝ
ﮐﻨﺪ ﺧﻮﺩﺵ ﹺﻭﻗﻠﻤﺮ ﺿﻤﻴﻤﮥ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎﻳﯽ ِﻥﻳﻮﻧﺎ ﮐە ﺷﺪ.ﺳﺎﻝ ﹺﯼﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭ ﮐﻮﺩﺗﺎﯼ ﺑەﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ۳۳۸ﺩﺭ
ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺍﺭﺩﺷﻴﺮ ﮐە ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﺩﻭ ﹺﯽﺁﺷﻔﺘﮕ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻳﮏ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﹺﺭﺩﺭﺑﺎ ﻭ ﺷﺪ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ
ﺑﺎﮐﺎﻡ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﻴﻠﻴﭗ ﺷﺪﮐﺮﺩ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﻳﺎﺑﯽ.ﺳﺎﻝ ﺗﺎ۳۳۶ﭖﻡﮐەﺳﻮﻡ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻮﺵﺑەﺳﻠﻄﻨﺖ
ﺍﻭ ﻧﺸﺴﺖﺷﺒﻪﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﻟﮑﺎﻥ ﺟﺰﻳﺮﮤﺑەﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻘﺘﺪﺭ ﺳﻠﻄﻨﺖ ﳔﺴﺘﻴﻦ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﺗﺴﺨﻴﺮ
ﺩﺍﺩ ﺗﺸﮑﻴﻞ.
ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺲ ﻣﺎﻩ ﺩﻭ ﻳﮑﯽﺩ ﮐەﹺﺮﭘﺴ ﻭ ﺭﻓﺖ ﺩﻧﻴﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﺮﻭﺭ ﺍﻭ ﻧﺸﺴﺖ ﺑەﺳﻠﻄﻨﺖ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺍﺭﻳﻮﺵ
ﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﻴﺴﺖﻧﺸﺴﺖ ﺟﺎﻳﺶ ﺑە ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭ ﺍﺵ.ﺑﻮﺩ ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭ ﭘﺴﺮﺵ ﺍﻭ ﹺﺭﺗﺮﻭ ﹺﻞﻋﺎﻣ ﮔﻮﻳﺎ.ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭ
ﺑﺮﺍﯼﺁﻥﮐەﮐﺮﺩ ﺍﺩﻋﺎ ﮐﻨﺪ ﭘﺎﮎ ﭘﺪﺭﺵ ﺧﻮﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺩﺳﺖﮐەﺩﺍﺭﻳﻮﺵ ﺟﺎﺳﻮﺳﺎﻥ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭘﺪﺭﺵ
ﻧﻴﺰ ﮐﺸﻨﺪﮔﺎﻧﺶ ﻭ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﺮﻭﺭ ﺳﻮﻡﺑەﮔﺮﻳﺨﺘﻪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥﺍﻧﺪ.
ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭﮐەﺳﺨﺖﻭﻗﺘﯽ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻣﺼﺮ ﹺﻦﮐﻬ ﻓﺮﻋﻮﻧﺎﻥ ﺷﻴﻔﺘﮥﺑەﮐﺮﺩ ﺍﺩﻋﺎ ﻧﺸﺴﺖ ﺳﻠﻄﻨﺖﮐەﭘﺴﺮ
ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻩ ﻓﻴﻠﻴﭗﺑﻞﮐەﺯﺋﻮﺱ ﭘﺴﺮ)ﻳﻮﻧﺎﻧﻴﺎﻥ ﺧﺪﺍﯼ(ﻳﮏ ﺯﺋﻮﺱ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺖﺍﳌﭗ ﮐﻮﻩ ﻓﺮﺍﺯ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺐﺑەﺯﻳﺮ
ﻭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺧﺪﺍﺯﺍﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺷﺪﻩ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻣﺎﺩﺭﺵ ﺭﺣﻢ ﺩﺭ ﳘﺒﺴﺘﺮﯼ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻭ ﻭ ﺷﺪﻩ ﳘﺒﺴﺘﺮ ﻣﺎﺩﺭﺵ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ
ﺍﻓ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻣﺘﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﺸﺮ ﺮﺍﺩ.ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﻭﺁﻥﮐەﺍﻧﺘﺴﺎﺑﺶﺑەﮐﺮﺩ ﺷﺎﻳﻊ ﮐﻨﺪ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺭﺍ ﻳﻮﻧﺎﻥ ﺧﺪﺍﯼﮐە
ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻓﻴﻠﻴﭗﮐەﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﺍﻭ ﭘﺴﺮ ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭ.ﺍﻭ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻴﺶ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻓﻴﻠﻴﭗ ﭘﺪﺭﺵ۔ﺑﻪﻓﺮﻋﻮﻧﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻴﺮﻭﯼ
ﻣﺼﺮ۔ﻣﯽ ﺧﺪﺍﺯﺍﺩﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺧﻮﺩﺵﭘﻴﮑﺮﻩ ﻓﺮﺍﺯ ﺑﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺧﻮﺩﺵ ﭘﻴﮑﺮﮤ ﻭ ،ﺩﺍﻧﺴﺖﺧﺪﺍ ﺩﻭﺍﺯﺩﻩ ﻫﺎﯼﯼ
ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻳﻮﻧﺎﻥﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺗﺎ ،ﺑﻮﺩﺩﻫﺪﮐەﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺮﺗﺮ ﺧﺪﺍﻳﺎﻥ ﳘﮥ ﺍﺯ.
ﺍﺯ ﭘﺲِﺖﺩﺭﮔﺬﺷﭼﻨﺪ ﻭ ﹺﺲﺒِﺗ ﻭ ﺁﺗﻦ ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﻓﻴﻠﻴﭗﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺷﻬﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻴﺶ ﻓﻴﻠﻴﭗ ﮐە
ﺑﻮﺩ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﻣﻘﺪﻭﻧﻴﻪ ﻗﻠﻤﺮﻭ ﺿﻤﻴﻤﮥﺳﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﻼﻝ ﺑﺎﺯﻳﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼﺑەﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷﺘﻨﺪ ﺷﻮﺭﺵ.ﺁﺗﻨﯽﻫﻴﺄﺗﯽ ﻫﺎ
ﺭﺍﺑەﺑﺮﺍ ﮐﻤﮏ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺎﻥ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻮﺵ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺮﺳﺘﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﺳﺮﺯﻣﻴﻨﻬ ﺁﺯﺍﺩﺳﺎﺯﯼ ﯼﺎﺷﺎﻥﺍﺯ
ﺷﺪﻧﺪ ﻣﻘﺪﻭﻧﻴﺎﻥ ﺩﺳﺖ.ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻮﺵ ﻭﻟﯽﺳﻮﻡﮐەﻟﺸﮑﺮﮐﺸﯽ ِﺕﻣﻘﺪﻣﺎ ﻬﺗﻴﮥ ﺩﺍﺭ ﻭ ﺩﺭﮔﻴﺮﺑەﺑﻮﺩ ﻣﺼﺮ
ﺑەﺁﺗﻨﯽ ﺩﺭﺧﻮﺍﺳﺖﺗﻮﺟﻬﯽ ﻫﺎﻭ ﻧﺪﺍﺩﺩﺭ ﻳﻮﻧﺎﻥ ﻭ ،ﻧﮕﺮﻓﺖ ﺟﺪﯼ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭ ﺧﻄﺮﺍﻃﻤﺎﻉ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ
ﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭﺷﺪ.
- 4. ﺑﺎﺯﺧﻮﺍﻧﯽﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ-ﲞﺶﺳﻮﻡ ۴۵۲
ﻣﺎﻫﻬﺎﺋﯽ ﺩﺭﮐەﺳﻮﻡ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻮﺵﺑﻮﺩ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﻟﺸﮑﺮﮐﺸﯽ ﺑەﻣﺼﺮﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭﺗﺎ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﮐﺎﻓﯽ ِﺖﻓﺮﺻ
ﮐﻨﺪ ﺁﺭﺍﻡ ﻭ ﺳﺮﮐﻮﺏ ﺭﺍ ﻳﻮﻧﺎﻧﯽ ِﻥﻧﺎﻓﺮﻣﺎ ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎﯼ.ﺭﺍ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺮﺿﺪ ِﻨﯽﻠِﻫ ﺟﻬﺎﺩ ﭘﺮﭼﻢ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺍﻭ
ﻟﺸﮑﺮﮐﺸﯽ ﺩﺭﺻﺪﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻓﺮﺍﺷﺖﺑەﺍﻧﺎﺗﻮﻟﯽﺑەﺑﺮﺁﻣﺪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺳﻠﻄﮥ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻮﻧﺎﻧﻴﺎﻥ ﺁﺯﺍﺩﺳﺎﺯﯼ ﻬﺑﺎﻧﮥ.
ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﻣﺼﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻭﻗﺘﯽ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻮﺵﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺁﺗﻦ ﭘﻴﺸﻴﻦ ﺑەﺩﺭﺧﻮﺍﺳﺖ ﮐە
ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﻋﻤ ﻭ ﺩﻫﺪ؛ﹰﻼﭘﻮﻝ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﯽ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻫﻢ)۳۰۰ﺯﺭ ﻗﻨﻄﺎﺭ(ﻓﺮﺳﺘﺎﺩ؛ ﺍﺳﭙﺎﺭﺕ ﻭ ﺁﺗﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ
ﺑﻮﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﻳﺮ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻭﻟﯽ.ﻫﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎﻳﯽ ﻳﻮﻧﺎﻥ ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﺷﻮﺭﺵ ،ﭘﺮﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﻣﺼﻤﻢ ،ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭ
ﺑﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﺯﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﯼ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺲ ﻳﮑﯽ ﺭﺍ ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎ ﮐﻮﺑﻴﺪﻩ.ﺷﻬﺮﯼ ﻫﺮ ﺍﻭﮐەﺭﺍ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﺶ ﺩﺭ
ﺑﯽﺭﲪﺎﻧﻪﺑەﺑﻮﺩ؛ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﮐﻴﻔﺮﭼﻨﺎﻥﮐەﹺﺲﺒِﺗ ﺷﻬﺮﮐەِﺖﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺲ ﻭﻗﺘﯽ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ
ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭ ،ﺷﺪ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻢ ﺳﺮﺳﺨﺘﺎﻧﻪﺑەﺳﭙﺎﻫﻴﺎﻧﺶﺗﺎ ﻓﺮﻣﻮﺩﻭ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ ﻏﺎﺭﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺷﻬﺮﺑەﺯﺩﺧﺘﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﻧﺎﻥ
ﳕﺎﻳﻨﺪ ﲡﺎﻭﺯ.ﺷﺶﮐﻮﺩﮎ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺯﻥ ﻫﺰﺍﺭﺑەﺑﻘﻴﻪ ﻭ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ ﮐﺸﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭ ﺳﭙﺎﻫﻴﺎﻥ ﺩﺳﺖﮐە
ﺳﯽ ﺣﺪﻭﺩﺑﻮﺩﻧ ﺗﻦ ﻫﺰﺍﺭﺪﺑەﻭ ﺭﻓﺘﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﺎﺭﺕﺑەﺯﻭﺩﯼﻣﺰﺍﻳﺪﻩ ﺩﺭﺑەﺷﻮﻧﺪ َﺮﺩﻩﺑ ﺗﺎ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻧﺪ ﻓﺮﻭﺵ.
ﺭﺍ ﺳﭙﺎﻫﻴﺎﻧﺶ ﺣﺘﯽ ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭﻓﺮﻣﻮﺩﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻭ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺗﺎﺭﺍ ﹺﺲﺒِﺗ ﺧﺎﮎ ﻭ ﮐﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﺪﻡ ﺭﺍ ﺷﻬﺮ ﻫﺎﯼ
ﺑەﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺎ ﭘﺮﺍﮐﻨﺪﻧﺪ ُﺮﺩﻩﺑ ﺩﻭﺭﺩﺳﺖ ﺍﻣﺎﮐﻦَﺪﻧﳕﺎ ﺑﺮﺟﺎ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺛﺎﺭﯼ ﻫﻴﭻ ﭘﺲ.
ﮔﺮﭼەﭘﻠﻮﺗﺎﺭﮎ،ﺑەﺷﻴﻔﺘﮕﻴﺶ ﹺﻢﺣﮑﺑەﺍﺳﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ،ﮑﻨﺪﺭﮐەﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭﺟﻨﺎﻳﺘﺶ
ﺷﺪ ﭘﺸﻴﻤﺎﻥ)ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪﺋﯽﺑە ﮐەﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻣﺘﮑﯽ ﺳﻨﺪﯼ ﻫﻴﭻ(ﺍﻣﺎ ،ِﺩﺭﺧﺪﺍﹺﯼﻧﺎﺑﻮﺩﮔﺮﺷﻬﺮ ﻳﮏ ﮐﺎﻣﻞ
ﻗﻮﻡ ﻳﮏ ﹺﻞﮐﺎﻣ ﺍﳏﺎﯼ ﻭ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﯽ ﻭ ﺑﺰﺭﮒﻧﺎﻡﺩﺍﺭﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎﻧﯽ ﻭﺑەﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﻬﺗﺎﻡﻫﻴﭻ ،ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﺭﯼﮔﺎﻩ
ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﳘﮥ ﺩﺭ ﻭ ،ﻧﺮﻓﺖ ﻳﻮﻧﺎﻥ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﻳﺎﺩ ﺍﺯﻳﻮﻧ ﻫﺎﯼﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺑﺎﺯﺗﺎﺏ ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺲ ِﻥﺎﻧﻴﺎ.
ﺗﺒﺲ ﺯﻳﺒﺎﯼ ﺷﻬﺮ ﻧﺎﺑﻮﺩﮔﺮﯼﮐەﺳﺮﺳﺨﺖ ﺩﺭﺍﺯﯼ ﺭﻭﺯﮔﺎﺭﺍﻥﻧﻨﮓ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺍﺳﭙﺎﺭﺕ ﻭ ﺁﺗﻦ ﹺﺐﺭﻗﻴ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ
ﺑﻮﺩ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﯽﮐەﳘﻴﺸﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﯼﻳﻮﻧﺎﻧﻴﺎﻥ ﻧﺰﺩﺷﺪ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﮔﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭ ﺟﺒﻴﻦ ﺑﺮ.ﮐﺎﺭﯼﮐەﺍﻭﺗﺒﺲ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺑﺎ
ﺍﻳ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﯼ ﺟﺰﺍﻳﺮ ﻭ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎﻳﯽ ﻳﻮﻧﺎﻥ ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﳘﮥ ﮐﺮﺩ ﻣﺮﺩﻣﺶ ﻭﺷﺪﻳﺪﯼ ﻫﺮﺍﺱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍ ﮋﻩ
ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻓﮑﺮ ﻭ ُﺮﺩﺑﻓﺮﻭﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺩﺭِﮏﺟﻮﺍﻧ ﺍﻳﻦﮐﺮﺩ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﺁﻬﻧﺎ ﺳﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍ ﺧﺸﻦ ﹺﺭﻣﻐﺮﻭ.
ﺑەﺍﻧﺎﺗﻮﻟﯽ ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭ ﻟﺸﮑﺮﮐﺸﯽ
ﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﻭﺍﺧﺮ ﺗﺎ ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭ۳۳۴ﭖﻡﮐەﺑﺎﺯﭘﺲ ﻣﺸﻐﻮﻝ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻮﺵﮐﺎﺭ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻣﺼﺮ ﹺﯼﮔﻴﺮ
ﻳﮏ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎﻳﯽ ﻳﻮﻧﺎﻥ ﺳﺮﺍﺳﺮ ﺗﺴﺨﻴﺮﹺﻢﭘﺮﭼ ﺁﻧﮕﺎﻩ ﮐﺮﺩ ﺳﺮﻩ»َﺮﻫﺎﺑَﺮﺑ ِﺪﺑﺮﺿ ِﻨﯽﻠِﻫ ﺟﻬﺎﺩ«ﺑﺮﺍﯼ
ﻳﻮﻧﺎﻧﯽ ﺳﺮﺯﻣﻴﻨﻬﺎﯼ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺭﻫﺎﺳﺎﺯﯼﻟﺸﮑﺮﮐﺸﯽ ﺁﻣﺎﺩﮤ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻓﺮﺍﺷﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺎﺗﻮﻟﯽ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺸﻴﻦﺑەﺩﺭﻭﻥ
ﺍﻧﺎﺗﻮﻟﯽﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻴﺎﻥ ﺳﻠﻄﮥ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﺯﻣﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﺁﻥ ِﻥﮐﺸﺎﻧﺪ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﯼﺷﺪ.
ﻟﺸﮑﺮﮐﺸﯽﺑەﺍﻧﺎﺗﻮﻟﯽﮐەﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﺴﺖﮐەﺳﺒﺐ ﮐﻨﺪ ﺍﻭ ِﻥﺳﭙﺎﻫﻴﺎ ﻧﺼﻴﺐ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﯼ ﻏﻨﺎﻳﻢ
- 5. ﻫﻠﻨﯽﻫﺎﺩﺭﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ۴۵۳
ﺷﺪﮐەﻳﻮﻧﺎﻧﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﯽ ﮔﺮﻭﻫﻬﺎﯼ۔ﺑﻪﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺘﻬﺎﯼ ﺑﺎ ﳐﺎﻟﻔﺘﺸﺎﻥ ﺭﻏﻢ۔ﳘﺮﺍﻩ ﺍﻭ ﺑﺎ
ﺷﻮﻧﺪ.ﭼﻨﺎﻥﮐەﺣﺮﻓﻪ ﻣﺰﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻳﻮﻧﺎﻧﻴﺎﻥ ،ﺑﻮﺩﻳﻢ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺍﺭﺗﺸﻬﺎﯼ ﳘﮥ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻳﯽ
ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ؛ﹰﻼﻣﺜﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦﺩﻳﺪﻳﻢ ﺑﺎﺭﺑە ﮐەﻫﻢ ﻃﻮﺭﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻴﺎﻥ ﻟﺸﮑﺮﮐﺸﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻬﻧﺎ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺮﻭﻫﻬﺎﺋﯽ ﻫﻢ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ
ﺑەﺩ ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﻣﺼﺮﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﻣﺼﺮ ﺷﻮﺭﺷﻴﺎﻥ ﮐﻨﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺮﻭﻫﻬﺎﺋﯽ ﻫﻢ ﻭ ﺍﺷﺘﻨﺪ.ﺍﮐﻨﻮﻥﮐەﺁﻣﺎﺩﮤ ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭ
ﻟﺸﮑﺮﮐﺸﯽﺑەﻣﯽ ﺍﻧﺎﺗﻮﻟﯽﻣﯽ ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﺍﻧﺎﺗﻮﻟﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﺭﺗﺶ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻮﻧﺎﻧﯽ ﻫﺰﺍﺭ ﺩﻫﻬﺎ ،ﺷﺪﻭ ،ﮐﺮﺩﻧﺪ
ﹺﺭﻫﺰﺍ ﺩﻫﻬﺎﻟﺸﮑﺮﮐﺸﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭ ﺑﺎ ﳘﺮﺍﻫﯽ ﺁﻣﺎﺩﮤ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﺑەﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﺍﻧﺎﺗﻮﻟﯽ.ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭ ﺍﮔﺮ
ﻣﯽ ﭘﻴﺮﻭﺯ ﻟﺸﮑﺮﮐﺸﯽ ﺍﻳﻦﺷﺪﺳﭙﺎﻫﻴﺎﻧﺶﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﯼ ﻏﻨﺎﻳﻢﺑەﻣﯽ ﺩﺳﺖﺷﮑﺴﺖ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻭ ،ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻧﺪ
ﻣﯽﺧﻮﺭﺩﻧﻴﺰﻣﯽﺑەﺩﻳﺎﺭ ﮐە ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺴﺘﻨﺪﻭ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﺭﺗﺶ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﯼ ﻓﺮﺻﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻭ ﺑﺮﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﺷﺎﻥ
ﺁﻥﭼەﮐەﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭ ﺑﺎ ﳘﺮﺍﻫﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﻧﺘﻮﺍﻧﺴﺘﻪﺑەﮐﻨﻨﺪ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻭﺭﻧﺪ ﺩﺳﺖ.
ﮔﺮﭼەﺳﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻮﺵ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺼﺮ۳۳۴ﺑﺎﹺﺏﻏﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻭﻟﯽ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺯﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪﳘﮥ ﺧﺎﻭﺭﻣﻴﺎﻧﻪ
ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪﺑﻮﺩ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭ ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﮥ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻫﺎ.ﺧﺸﻮﻧﺘﻬﺎﺋﯽﮐەﺳﻮﻡ َﻴﺮﺷَﺩﹶﺭﺍ ِﻥﺷﺪ ﮐﺸﺘﻪ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ
ﺑەﺭﺍﺯ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﯼ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﺍﻭﺝ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻮﺵ ﮐﻮﺩﺗﺎﯼ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺲ ﻭ ﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩ ﺍﻩﺳﭙﻪﺩﺍﺭﺩﺍﺭﻳﻮﺵ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍ ﮐﺸﻮﺭ ﺍﻥ
ﺳﻮﻡﺑەﻭ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺧﺸﻢﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺩﺭﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﻧﺎﻓﺮﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻭﺑﻮﺩ.ﺍﻫﺎﻧﺘﻬﺎﺋﯽﺑە ﮐەﻣﺼﺮ ﻭ ّﻪﻴِﻘﻓﻴﻨﻴ ﻣﻘﺪﺳﺎﺕ
ﺷﻮﺭﺷﻬﺎ ﻓﺮﻭﻧﺸﺎﻧﺪﻥ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺩﺭِﻋﻤﺎﻝﺍﺩﺷﻨﻪ ﭼﻨﺎﻥ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺷﺪﻩﺑﻮﺩ ﺯﺩﻩ ﺷﺎﻫﻨﺸﺎﻫﯽ ﭘﻴﮑﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺋﯽﮐە
ﺍﺻﻼﺣﺶﺑەﺑﺮ ﺩﺭﺍﺯﻣﺪﺕ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﯼ ﻳﮏِﺪﺑ ﲞﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻭﻟﯽ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ؛ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﻣﺎﻫﺮ ﺣﮑﻴﻢ ﻳﮏ ﺩﺳﺖﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ
ﺩﺭﻭﺍﺯﻩ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺩﴰﻦﺍﺯ ﺭﺍ ﻓﺮﺻﺘﯽ ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻭ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﮐﻤﻴﻦ ﻫﺎﺑﻮﺩ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﺳﻠﺐ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭ.
ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻭﻟﯽ ﺑﻮﺩ؛ ﺑﺎﲡﺮﺑﻪ ﻭ ﮐﺎﺭﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻣﺮﺩﯼ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻮﺵﺑەِﻥﮐﺸﺎﻧﺪ ﺍﻃﺎﻋﺖﻭ ﭘﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻧﺎﺭﺍﺿﻴﺎﻥ
ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻞ ﻣﺎﺩﯼﺑەﺯﻣﯽ ﻭﺭﻣﯽ ﺧﻮﺩﺵ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺧﺸﻢ ﻭ ﺷﺪﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺭﺍ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺧﺮﻳﺪ
ﻣﯽ ﺗﻀﻌﻴﻒﮐﺮﺩ.ِﺕﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎﻓﺮﻳﺐﮐﺎﺭﺍﻧﻪﺋﯽﮐەﺩﺭ ﺁﺷﻮﺏ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭﺳﺮﺯﻣﻴﻨﻬﺎﯼﻏﺮﺑﯽ
ﻣﯽ ﺍﳒﺎﻡ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻭ ّﻪﻴِﻘﻓﻴﻨﻴ ﺩﺭ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺎﺗﻮﻟﯽﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎﺗﯽ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺩﮐەﺍﺯ ﻧﺎﺭﺍﺿﯽ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻭﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻴﺎﻥ ﺳﻠﻄﮥ
ﻣﯽ ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺳﺮﺯﻣﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭﺍﺯ ﺧﱪ ﮐﺮﺩﭘﻴﺪﺍﻳﯽﻳﮏﺭﺧﺪﺍﺩﻣﯽ ﻧﺎﮔﻮﺍﺭﻣﯽ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻮﺵ ﻭ ،ﺩﺍﺩﺑﺎﻳﺴﺖ
ﮐەﺩﺳﺖ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﯽ ﻓﺎﺟﻌﮥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﻳﺎﺭﻭﻳﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼﺑەﻣﯽ ﮐﺎﺭﺷﺪ.ﺩﺭ ﺍﻭ ﻭﻟﯽﺩﺭﻭﻥﺩﺭﮔﻴﺮ ﮐﺸﻮﺭ
ﻧﺎﺑەﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﺑﻮﺩ ﺧﺎﻧﺪﺍﻧﯽ ِﺕﻗﺪﺭ ﺭﻗﻴﺒﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﻭ ﻴﻬﺎ.ﭼﻬﺎﺭﮐﻮﺩﺗﺎﯼ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻮﻡ َﻴﺮﺷَﺩﹶﺭﺍ ﭘﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺳﺎﻝ
ﹶەﮕَﺑﺩﻭ ﻭ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﮐﺸﺘﻪ ُﻫﻮﺵﻭﺑﻮﺩ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﮐﺸﺘﻪ ﮐﻮﺩﺗﺎ ﻳﮏ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﻭ ﭘﺴﺮ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺳﺎﻝ.ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻮﺵ
ﺳﻮﻡﮐەﮐﻮﺩﺗﺎ ﻳﮏ ﺩﺭﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﯼِﻥﻧﻴﺮﻭﻣﻨﺪﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﯼ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﮐﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺳﺮﻧﺎﺭﺍ ﺧﺸﻮﻧﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﺿﯽ
ﺑﻮﺩ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﻧﺎﺑﻮﺩ.ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻭﻟﯽﮐﺮﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎﺋﯽﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﯽ ﻧﺎﺭﺿﺎﻳﺘﻴﻬﺎﯼ ﺟﺰﺟﻨﮓ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﭼﻴﻨﯽ
ﳕﯽ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﯼ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﮥ ﺧﺎﻧﮕﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﺴﺖﮐەﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺩﺭﭘﯽ.ﺳﻮﻡ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻮﺵ ﺩﴰﻨﺎﻥﮐەﺍﻭ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ
ﺯﺩﻥ ﻟﻄﻤﻪ ﻭ ﺍﻭ ﺗﻀﻌﻴﻒ ﺍﻧﺪﻳﺸﮥ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺁﺳﻴﺐﺑەﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﺻﺪﺩ ﺭﻗﻴﺒﺎﻧﺶ ﻭ ،ﺩﻭﻟﺘﺶ
- 6. ﺑﺎﺯﺧﻮﺍﻧﯽﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ-ﲞﺶﺳﻮﻡ ۴۵۴
ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷﺘﻨﺶ.ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻭ ﻓﻴﻨﻴﻘﻴﻪﺑەﺷﺪﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻓﺮﻳﻔﺘﻪ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﮥ ﻭ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﻧﺎﺭﺍﺿﯽ ﺷﺪﺕ
ﻧﻴﺮﻭﯼ ﻫﺮ ﺗﻮﺳﻂﹺﯽﺑﻴﺮﻭﻧﺑﻮﺩ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﯽ ﺿﺪ.ﻓﺮﻳﮕﻴە ﻭ ﻟﻴﮑﻴە ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭ ﺳﻠﻄﮥ)ﻏﺮﺏ
ﺍﻧﺎﺗﻮﻟﯽ(ﺑەِﻥﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻴﺎ ﲢﺮﻳﮑﺎﺕ ﺳﺒﺐﻭ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺯﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻮﺵ ﳐﺎﻟﻒﻓﺮﻣﺎﻥﺩﺍﺭﻭ ﭘﺎﺭﺳﯽ ِﻥﺍ
ﻧﺎﺧ ،ﻣﺎﺩﯼﺣﮑﻮﻣﺖ ﺧﻮﺩﺳﺮﯼ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﺯﻣﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ،ﺳﻮﻡ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻮﺵ ﺧﺸﻦ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺘﻬﺎﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺸﻨﻮﺩ
ﻣﯽﮐﺮﺩﻧﺪ.ﹶﺖﮐ ﺩﺭﺍﺭﻣﻨﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﻭ ﹶەﮐَﺘﻮﭘ)ﺍﻧﺎﺗﻮﻟﯽ ﺷﺮﻗﯽ ﻧﻴﻤﮥ(ﻭﺿﻊ ﻧﻴﺰﺑەﺩﺭ ﻭ ﺑﻮﺩ؛ ﻣﻨﻮﺍﻝ ﳘﻴﻦ
ﻣﺎﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮﯼ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﺎﺩ ﺳﺮﺯﻣﻴﻦﮐەﺩﺍﺷﺘﻨﺪ ﺩﺭﺳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺎﺩ ﭘﺎﺩﺷﺎﻫﯽ ﺍﺣﻴﺎﯼ ﺭﺅﻳﺎﯼ.ﻣﺼﺮ
ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﺁﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺎﻡ ﻭﮐەﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﻫﺮ»ﳒﺎﺕﲞﺶ«ﺭﺍﺑەﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧ ﺳﻠﻄﮥ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻫﺎﺷﺪﻥ ﺧﺎﻃﺮﻴﺎﻥﺑﭙﺬﻳﺮﻧﺪ.
ﮐﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﯼ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﻼﻝ ﺁﺭﺯﻭﯼ ﻭ ،ﺑﻮﺩ ﺁﺷﻮﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺎﻫﻨﺸﺎﻫﯽ ﺳﺮﺯﻣﻴﻨﻬﺎﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﯼ
ﺑﻮﺩ ﺑﺮﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺳﺮ ﺳﻠﻄﻪ ﺯﻳﺮ.
ﺑﻮﺩ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺘﯽ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺩﺭﮐەﮔﺎﻡ ﻭ ﮔﺬﺷﺖ ﻫﻠﺴﭙﻮﻧﺖ ﺗﻨﮕﮥ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭﺑەﻬﻧﺎﺩ ﺁﺳﻴﺎ ﺧﺎﮎ.ﺍﻳﻦ
ﳔﺴﺘﻴﻦﺑﺎﺭﺑﻮﺩ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺩﺭﮐەﻣﯽ ﺁﺳﻴﺎ ﺧﺎﮎ ﺑﺮ ﻗﺪﻡ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ ﺧﺎﮎ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﺳﭙﺎﻩ ﻳﮏﳘﻴﻦ ﻭ ،ﻬﻧﺎﺩ
ﳔﺴﺘﻴﻦﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﺑﺎﺭﮔﺮﹺﺯﺩﺭﺍ ﺭﺍﻩ ﻳﮏﺷﺪ ﻏﺮﺑﯽ ﺁﺳﻴﺎﯼ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺳﻴﻌﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ ﺳﻠﻄﮥﮐەﺑﺮﺍﯼ۹
ﺳﺪﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﮤﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ.ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭ ﹺﯽﻟﺸﮑﺮﮐﺸ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﮔﺮﺑەﺁﺳﻴﺎﺑەﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻄﻔﯽ ﻧﻘﻄﮥ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ
ﺷ ﺗﻠﻘﯽ ﺟﻬﺎﻥﺪﻩﺑەﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻋﻠﺖ ﳘﻴﻦﮐەِﻩﺭﺍ ﻟﺸﮑﺮﮐﺸﯽ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﻭ ﺷﺪ ﮔﺸﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ ﺭﻭﯼ ﺑﺮ ﺁﺳﻴﺎ
ﻫﻴﭻﻧﮕﺸﺖ ﻣﺴﺪﻭﺩ ﮔﺎﻩ.
ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻥﺩﺍﺭﻳﻮﻧﺎﻧﯽ ﺷﻬﺮ ﹺﯽﻳﻮﻧﺎﻧﺍﻳﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﻧﺸﻴﻦﺍﻧﺎﺗﻮﻟﯽ ﹺﯽﻏﺮﺑ ﮐﺮﺍﻧﮥ ﺑﺮﺧﻴﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﺎﺑەﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ
ﺭﺍﻩﮔﺸﺎﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭ ﯼﺑەﺷﺪ ﺁﺳﻴﺎ.ﭘﺎﺩﺍﺷﯽﮐەﺑﻮﺩ ﺁﻥ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺍﻳﻦﮐە
ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﴰﺮﺩ ﻣﻘﺪﺱ ﺷﻬﺮ ﻳﮏ ﺭﺍ ﺁﻥ ﺭ،ﺍﻋﻼ ﻭﻥﮐﺮﺩﮐەﺍﻳﻠﻴﻮﻥﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺧﻮﺩﳐﺘﺎﺭﯼ ﺍﺯ ﳘﻴﺸﻪ
ﻫﻴﭻ ﻭ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪﺷﺪ ﳔﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﺎﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻭ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺎﻩ.ِﻑﻫﺪﻭﻋﺪﻩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻭ۔ﮐﻪﺑەﺯﻭﺩﯼ
ﺩﺭﻭﻍﺁﺷﮑﺎﺭ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺶﺷﺪ۔ﻳﻮﻧﺎﻧﯽ ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎﯼ ِﻥﺩﺍﺩ ﻓﺮﻳﺐﺁﻬﻧﺎ ﺗﺸﻮﻳﻖ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺎﺗﻮﻟﯽ ﹺﻦﻧﺸﻴﺑەﭘﻴﻮﺳﱳ
ﺑەﺑﻮﺩ ﺧﻮﺩﺵ.ﺍﻧﺑﻮﺩ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺴﺘﻪ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻮﺵ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺪﮐﯽﮐەﺭﺍ َەﻳِﺪﻟﻴ ﺷﻮﺭﺵﻳﮑﯽ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﮐە
ﳐﺎﻟﻔﺎﻥ ﺍﺯﺍﻭ ﹺﯽﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﲞﻮﺍﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﭘﺎ.ﹺﺮﺷﻮﻫ ﺍﻭﺩﺧﺘﺮﺵَﺮﺳﭙﻴﺘَەﺗﺩﺍ)ﺳﭙﻬﺮﺩﺍﺩ(ﺭﺍ
ﺑەﺑﻮﺩ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺏ َەﻳِﺪﻟﻴ ﺷﻬﺮﻳﺎﺭﯼ.ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻳﺶ ﻭ ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝﺑەﺍﻳﻦﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﮋﻩ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﯼ ﺳﻮﯼ
ﻭ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺣﺮﮐﺘﯽﻏﺎﻓﻞﮔﻴﺮﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﺍﻧﻪﮐەﺍﺭﺗﺶ ﻳﻮﻧﺎﻧﯽ ِﻥﺳﭙﺎﻫﻴﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﯼ ﺧﻴﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﺎ
ﺑﻮﺩ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ.
ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺳﭙﺎﻩ ﺭﻭﻳﺎﺭﻭﻳﯽ ﳔﺴﺘﻴﻦ)َەﻳﻟﻴﺪ ِﻩﺳﭙﺎ(ﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺮﺍﻧﻴﮏ ﺭﻭﺩ ﮐﻨﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭ ﺑﺎ
ﻧﻘﻄﮥﺩﺍﺩ ﺭﺥ ﺍﻧﺎﺗﻮﻟﯽ ﻏﺮﺏ.ﺑﺎ ﭘﻴﺶ ﻣﺪﻬﺗﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭِﻥﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﮕﺎﳏﻞ ﹺﯽﺑﻮﻣﺑ ﲤﺎﺳﻬﺎﺋﯽﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭ
ﮐﺮﺩﻩﺑەﺑﻮﺩ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﺁﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﻓﺮﻳﻔﺘﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺁﻬﻧﺎ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺁﺯﺍﺩﯼ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﻼﻝ ﻭﻋﺪﮤ ﺁﻬﻧﺎﮐەﺟﻨﮕﯽ ﺍﮔﺮﻣﻴﺎﻥﻭ ﺍﻭ
- 7. ﻫﻠﻨﯽﻫﺎﺩﺭﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ۴۵۵
ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻴﺎﻥﺭﺍ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺳﭙﺎﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺸﻮﺭﻧﺪ ﻧﱪﺩ ﺣﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻨﻬﺎ ﺩﺭﺑﮕﻴﺮﺩﺑەﺑﮑﺸﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺣﺘﻤﯽ ﺷﮑﺴﺖ.ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ
ﹺﯼﺩﺭﮔﻴﺮﭼﻨﺪﺭﻭﺯﻩﮐەﺍﻓﺴﺮ ﻬﺑﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﺯ ﴰﺎﺭﯼ ﻭ ﺷﺪ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭ ﺳﭙﺎﻩ ﺑﺮ ﻫﻢ ﺗﻠﻔﺎﺗﯽﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭ ﺍﻥ
ﺑەَﺮﺳﭙﻴﺘ ﭼﻮﻥ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺎﻧﯽ ﻭ ،ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻨﺪ ﺷﮑﺴﺖ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻴﺎﻥ ،ﺭﻓﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﺸﱳَەﺗﺩﺍ)ﺳﭙﻬﺮﺩﺍﺩ(،َەﻳِﺪﻟﻴ ﺷﻬﺮﻳﺎﺭ
ُﺮﺯﻳﻦﺑَﺮﻣﻴﺘ)ُﺮﺯﻳﻦﺑﻣﻬﺮ(ﹶﺖﮐ ﺷﻬﺮﻳﺎﺭَەﺗَﺩﺍﺮﻣﻴﺘ ،ﹶەﮐَﺘﻮﭘ)ﻣﻬﺮﺩﺍﺩ(ﻭ ﺷﺎﻫﻨﺸﺎﻩ ﺩﺍﻣﺎﺩﻓﺮﻣﺎﻥﺩﻩﺍﺭﺗﺶ
ﹶەﮐَﻧﺎﺮﻓ ،ﺍﻧﺎﺗﻮﻟﯽ ﻏﺮﺏ ﺩﺭ)ﻓﺮﻧﺎﮎ(،ﺷﺎﻫﻨﺸﺎﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﺩﺭﺯﻥَەﺘﹶﺭﺷﻴﺍ)ﺁﺭﺷﻴﺪ(،ﻓﺮﻳﮕﻴﻪ ﺷﻬﺮﻳﺎﺭ
ﹺﻝُﻫﻮﭘﺎﻭﺁﺭﻳﺎﻫﺨﺎﻣﻨﺸﯽﺑﺰﺭﮔﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﭼﻨﺪﺗﻦ ﻭ ،ﺳﻮﻡ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻮﺵ ﻋﻤﻮﯼﭘﺎﺭﺳﯽﺍﺯ ﺩﻓﺎﻉ ﻗﺮﺑﺎﻧﯽ
ﻭ ،ﺷﺪﻧﺪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﯽ ﺣﻴﺜﻴﺖﺑەﺩﻳﻮﺩﻭﺭ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﮥﺩﻭﺍﺯﺩﻩﮐﺸﺘﻪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺳﭙﺎﻩ ﺳﺮﺑﺎﺯﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻦ ﻫﺰﺍﺭ
ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﺶ ﻭ ﺷﺪﻧﺪﺑﻴﺴﺖﺗﻦ ﻫﺰﺍﺭﺑەﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﻧﺪ ﺍﺳﺎﺭﺕ.
ِﻥﻣﺰﺩﻭﺭﺍﹺﯽﻳﻮﻧﺎﻧﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﺭﺗﺶﺩﺍﺩﻧﺪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺗﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺟﻨﮓ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻴﺰ.ﺑەﻣﻮﺭﺧﺎﻥ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﮥ
ﹺﯽﻳﻮﻧﺎﻧ ﻣﺰﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﴰﺎﺭ ﻳﻮﻧﺎﻧﯽﺑﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻎ ﺟﻨﮓ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﺭﺗﺶﺑﻴﺴﺖﺑﻮﺩ ﺗﻦ ﻫﺰﺍﺭ.ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭ
ﮐەﺧﺎﺋﻨﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺁﻬﻧﺎﺑەﻳﻣﯽ ﻮﻧﺎﻥﳕﯽ ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﮐە ﺧﻮﺍﺳﺖﺷﺎﻥﺑﮕﺬﺍﺭﺩ.ﻳﻮﻧﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﺰﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻴﻤﯽ
ﺷﺪﻥ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺲﺑەﻫﺰﺍﺭﺍ ،ﺭﻓﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﺸﱳﺩﻭ ﻭ ،ﮔﺮﻳﺨﺘﻨﺪ ﺗﻦ ﻥﺗﺴﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻦ ﻫﺰﺍﺭﺭﺍ ﺷﺪﮔﺎﻥ
ﮔﺬﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭﺑەﺗﺎ ﻓﺮﺳﺘﺎﺩ ﻣﻘﺪﻭﻧﻴەﺑەﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺩﻩ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥﺑﺎﻏﻬﺎ ﻭ ﮐﺸﺘﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎﻣﻘﺪﻭﻧﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ
ﮐﻨﻨﺪ ﺑﻴﮕﺎﺭﯼ.ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺎﺭﺩﻳﺲﻟﻴﺪﻳە۔ ۔ﭘﺎﻳﺘﺨﺖﺑەﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩ ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭ ﺩﺳﺖ.ﮔﻨﺞ ﺩﺭﺳﺎﺭﺩﻳﺲ ﺧﺎﻧﮥ
ﺍﻧﺒﻮﻫﯽ ﺍﻣﻮﺍﻝ ﭼﻨﺎﻥﺑەﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩ ﻣﻬﺎﲨﻴﻦ ﺩﺳﺖﮐەﺑ ﺁﻬﻧﺎﺁﻥ ﺩﻳﺪﻥ ﺎﻣﺎﻝ ﳘﻪﺑە ﮐەﺭﺷﺒﺎﻫﺖ ﺅﻳﺎ
ﺩﺍﺷﺖﺑەﺟﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻭ ،ﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﻧﺪ ﺷﮕﻔﺘﯽﹺﯽﻓﺸﺎﻧﺁﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭ ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﺷﺪﻧﺪ ﺗﺮ.١
ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ِﻥﺳﭙﺎﻫﻴﺎ ِﺖﺷﮑﺴ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺲﻫﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺎﺗﻮﻟﯽ ﹺﺏﻏﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﯼ ﮔﺮﺍﻧﻴﮏ ﺟﻨﮓ
ﻭ ﺷﺪ ﺷﮑﺴﺘﻪﺑەﭘﻴﺶ ﺁﻥ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝﹺﯼﺭﻭﺟ ﮐﺮﺍﻧﮥ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺎﺗﻮﻟﯽ ﺧﺎﮎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﻨﻮﺑﯽ.
ِﮏﮐﻮﭼ ﭘﺎﺩﮔﺎﻬﻧﺎﯼﻳﮑﯽ ﺍﻧﺎﺗﻮﻟﯽ ﺟﻨﻮﺏ ﻭ ﻏﺮﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﯽﺍﺯ ﻳﮑﯽﹺﺮﺳ ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪﻧﺪ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻩ
ﺷﺪﻧﺪ ﺗﺴﺨﻴﺮ.ﻭﻋﺪﻩﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭ ﻫﺎﯼﺑەﻳﻮﻧﺎﻧﯽ ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎﯼﺍﻋﺎﺩﮤ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﯽ ﺍﻧﺎﺗﻮﻟﯽ ﹺﻦﻧﺸﻴﹺﻝﺍﺳﺘﻘﻼﺁﻬﻧﺎ
ﳏﻠﯽ ﹺﻡﺣﮑﺎ ﺑﺮﺿﺪ ﻭ ﻓﺮﻳﻔﺘﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺮﺩﻡﺑەﺑﻮﺩ ﺩﺭﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺭﺵ.ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺣﺎﻝﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﺯ
ﺍﻧﺎﺗﻮﻟﯽ ﺟﻨﻮﺏﺑە ﮐەﺟﺎﻧﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﻭﻓﺎﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭ ﺧﺸﻢ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺷﺎﻥ
ﻭ ﺗﺎﺭﺍﺝﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﻭ ﮔﺸﺘﻨﺪ ﲣﺮﻳﺐﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﻴﺮ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﮔﺎﻧﺸﺎﻥﺑەﺭﻓﺘﻨﺪ ﻓﺮﻭﺵ.ﻣﻴﻠﻴﺘﻮﺱ ﺷﻬﺮﮐەﹺﺯﺁﻏﺎ ﺍﺯ
ﻳﻮﻧﺎﻧﯽ ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﻭﻓﺎﺩﺍﺭﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺨﺎﻣﻨﺸﯽ ﺷﺎﻫﻨﺸﺎﻫﯽﺑەﺑﻼﺩﻳﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺯﲨﻠﮥ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥﺑﻮﺩ.
ﻧﻴﺰ ﻫﻠﻴﮑﺎﺭﻧﺎﺱ ﺷﻬﺮﮐەﺑﻮﺩ ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎﺋﯽ ﺍﺯﲨﻠﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﺘﻮﺱ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺘﯽﮐەﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ
ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺘﺶ ﻭﻟﯽ ،ﻭﺭﺯﻳﺪ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﯼ ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﲪﻼﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺩﺭﺑەﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺷﺎﻩ ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﻧﺮﺳﻴﺪ؛ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ
ﻧﺘﻮﺍﻧﺴﺖﺑە ﮐەﻣﻮﻗﻊﺑەﺑﺮﺳﺪ ﻗﻬﺮﻣﺎﻥ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻳﺎﺭﯼ.ﹺﺮﺩﻳﮕ ﺷﻬﺮ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭ
1.ﮐﺘﺎﺏ ،ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭ ﻟﺸﮑﺮﮐﺸﯽ ،ﺁﺭﻳﺎﻥ۱،ﻓﺼﻠﻬﺎﯼ۱۱۔۱۶.،ﺍﻭﻣﺴﺘﺪ۶۷۶۔۶۸۸.
- 8. ﺑﺎﺯﺧﻮﺍﻧﯽﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ-ﲞﺶﺳﻮﻡ ۴۵۶
ﻳﻮﻧﺎﻧﯽﻧﺸﻴﻦﮐﺮﺍﻧﮥﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺎﺗﻮﻟﯽ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﯽﺑەﺍﻳﻦﺳﺎﻥﺑەﹺﺮﮐﻴﻔﻋﺪﻡ ﻭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻃﺎﻋﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻧﺸﺎﻥ
ﺁﻣﺎﺩﮔﯽﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺷﺎﻥ»ﺑﺮﺑﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺿﺪ ﻫﻠﻨﯽ ﺟﻬﺎﺩ«ﻭ ﺗﺎﺭﺍﺝﻣﺮﺩﻣﺸ ﻭ ﻭﻳﺮﺍﻥﺎﻥﮐﺸﺘﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ
ﮐﺮﺩ.ﹺﺮﺷﻬ ﭼﻨﺪﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﻳﮋﻩ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﯼ ﺟﺰﺍﻳﺮﺑەﺷﺪﻧﺪ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺳﺮﻧﻮﺷﺖ ﳘﻴﻦ.
ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭﻣﻘﺪﻭﻧﯽ ﺍﻓﺴﺮ ﻳﮏ ،ﻣﻴﺎﻥﮐەﺩﺳﺘﮕ ﺩﺭﹺﯽﺩﻭﻟﺘ ﺎﻩﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥﺍﻧﺎﺗﻮﻟﯽ ﻏﺮﺏ ﺩﺭﻣﻨﺼﺒﯽ
ﺩﺍﺷﺖﺣﺴﺪﯼ ﺭﻭﯼ ﺍﺯ ،ﺑە ﮐەﻣﯽ ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭ،ﻭﺭﺯﻳﺪﺑەﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺵﺑەﺍﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻭ ﺭﺳﻴﺪ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻮﺵ ﺧﺪﻣﺖ
ﮐﺮﺩ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎﮐەﺍﺯ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﯼ ﺑﺮﺍﯼﻭ ﺗﺎﺭﺍﺟﻬﺎﮐﻨﺪ ﮐﺎﺭﯼ ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭ ﮐﺸﺘﺎﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﻭ ﲣﺮﻳﺒﻬﺎ.ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻮﺵﮐە
ﺧﻮﺩﺵﺩﺭﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﻦﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﯽ ﺭﻗﺎﺑﺘﻬﺎﯼ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﺎﺭﻧﺎﻓﺮ ِﻥﺧﻮﺍﻫﺎﺑﻮﺩ ﻣﺎﻥﺑەﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﻭﺩﺍﺩ ﺋﯽ
ﺧﻄﺎﺏﺑەِﻥﺧﻮﻳﺸﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻳﮑﯽﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭﮐەﻣﺸﺎﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻳﮑﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﺩﺭﺵ ﻭ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭ ﻧﺎﻣﺶ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﻳﻦ
ﻭ ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﮏ۔ﮔﻮﻳﺎ۔ﺩﺭ ﺍﻭ ﳘﺪﺳﺖﺗﺮﻭﺭﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻭ ،ﺑﻮﺩ ﻓﻴﻠﻴﭗﺑەﺑﻮﺩ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭ ﺍﻳﻦﮐە
ﹸﮑﺑ ﺭﺍ ﻓﻴﻠﻴﭗ ﭘﺴﺮ ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭ ﺍﮔﺮﻣﻘﺪﻭﻧﻴە ﭘﺎﺩﺷﺎﻫﯽ ﺸﺪﺑەﺯﺭ ﻗﻨﻄﺎﺭ ﻫﺰﺍﺭ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪﺑەﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﻭ
ﺷﺪ.ﺭﺍﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭ ﺟﺎﺳﻮﺳﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻓﺮﺳﺘﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﻟﯽ،ﮐﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﻴﺮ ﻭ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﯽﺍﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻭ
ﺑەﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻭ ،ﺁﻣﺪ ﺩﺳﺖﺩﺳﺖ ﻧﻴﺰﺑەﺷﮑﻨﺠﻪ ﻫﺮﺩﻭ ﻭ ،ﺷﺪ ﮔﻴﺮﺷﺪﻧﺪ ﮐﺸﺘﻪ.
ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﹺﯽﺩﺭﻳﺎﻳ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﯼ ﻧﺎﻭﺳﺎﻻﺭَەﻴﹺﻧﹶﻳﻮﺍﺩﺭ ﻗﱪﺱ ﻭﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﻦﻳﻮﻧﺎﻧﯽ ﺩﻟﻴﺮ ﺍﻓﺴﺮ ﻳﮏﺑەﻧﺎﻡ
ِﻣﻤﻨﻮﻥﺑﻮﺩ.ﹺﺭﺑﺮﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺍﻓﺴﺮ ﺍﻳﻦﺑﺰﺭﮔﺶِﻣﻨﺘﻮﺭﺳﻮﻡ َﻴﺮﺷَﺩﹶﺭﺍ ﻟﺸﮑﺮﮐﺸﯽ ﺩﺭﺑەﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﺼﺮ
ﳑﻨﻮﻥ ﻭ ،ﺩﺍﺩﻧﺪ ﺍﳒﺎﻡ ﺍﺭﲨﻨﺪﯼﮐەﺑﺮﺍﺩﺭﺵ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺲﺑەﻭ ﺍﻳﻮﻧﻴە ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻧﺎﻭﻫﺎﯼ ﹺﯼﺩﺭﻳﺎﺳﺎﻻﺭ
ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺍﻣﺎﺩ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺎﺗﻮﻟﯽ ﻏﺮﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺎﮔﻴﺮ ﭘﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﮤ ﻳﮏ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺧﺘﺮﯼ ﺭﺳﻴﺪ ﻗﱪﺱ
ﻋﻤﹰﻼﺍﻳﺷﺪ ﺮﺍﻧﯽ.ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﯽ ﹺﯽﻳﻮﻧﺎﻧ ﺍﻳﻦﺷﺪﻩﮐەﺩﺳﺖ ﺯﻳﺮَەﺗﺍﻭﺗﻮﻓﺮﺍﺩﺍ)ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﺳﺎﻻﺭ
ﻣﺪﻳﺘﺮﺍﻧﻪ(ﻣﯽ ﺧﺪﻣﺖﺑﺎ ﻟﺬﺍ ﺑﻮﺩ؛ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺷﮑﻮﻩ ﺑﻘﺎﯼ ِﻥﺧﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪﮔﺎ ﺍﺯ ﮐﺮﺩ۳۰۰ﻧﺎﻭﺑەِﻥﻳﻮﻧﺎ ﻗﺼﺪ
ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎﻳﯽﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩ ﺑەﺭﺍﻩﺑەﺍﻣﻴﺪ ﺁﻥﺑە ﮐەﺭﺍ ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺷﺎﻳﺪ ﮐﻨﺪ ﲪﻠﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﻭﻧﻴەﺑەَﺪﻧﺑﺮﮔﺮﺩﺍ ﻳﻮﻧﺎﻥ
ﺟ ﻭﺭﺍ ﻨﮓﺑەﺑﮑﺸﺎﻧﺪ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ.
ِﻥﻳﻮﻧﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎﻳﯽﺍﺯ ﺭﺍ ﳘﮕﺎﻥ ﻭ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺘﻬﺎﯼﺧﻮﺩﺵﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﺧﺸﻤﻴﺪﻩ
ﺑﻮﺩ.ﻭ ﺍﺳﭙﺎﺭﺕﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﯼﺧﱪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻨﻴﺪﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻮﻧﺎﻥﮐەﺭﺍﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻳﯽ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﯼ
ﻭ ﺷﻮﺭ ﻭ ﮔﺸﺘﻨﺪ ﳑﻨﻮﻥ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻢ ﺩﺍﻭﻃﻠﺒﺎﻧﻪ ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺯ ﴰﺎﺭﯼ ﻭ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ ﺷﺎﺩ ﺍﺳﺖﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺷﻮﻗﯽ
ﺷﺪ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﻳﻮﻧﺎﻧﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺪﻭﻧﻴﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻫﺎﻳﯽ.ِﺖﲞ ﺍﺯ ﻭﻟﯽِﺪﺑﺍﻳﻦ ،ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ
ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻥﺩﻩﭘﺎﮎ ﻭ ﺩﻟﻴﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻭ ،ﺩﺭﮔﺬﺷﺖ ﻭ ﺷﺪ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻪﺋﯽﮐەﺑﺮﺍﯼِﻥﮐﺸﻴﺪ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ
ِﻥﻳﻮﻧﺎﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎﻳﯽﺍﺯﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﺳﺖﺟﺒﻬﻪ ِﻥﺑﺎﺯﮔﺮﺩﺍﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭِﺩﻧﱪ ﻫﺎﯼﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭﺑەِﮎﺧﺎ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ
ﺍﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺳﺮﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻮﻧﺎﻥ ﺍﺻﻠﯽﺑەﺭﻓﺖ ﮔﻮﺭ.ﺍﻓﺴﺮﯼﺑەﻧﺎﻡَەﻧﻓﺮﺑﺎﺯﻭﮐەﺍﻳﻨﮏﹺﺐﻣﻨﺼﹺﻦﭘﻴﺸﻴ
ﺑﻮﺩ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﺮﻋﻬﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﳑﻨﻮﻥﺑەﺯﻓﺮﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﻃﺒﻖ ﻭﺩﯼﮐەﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺷﺎﻩ ﺍﺯﮐﺮﺩﮐﺸﺘﻴﻬﺎﯼ ﹺﯼﻧﺎﻭﺳﺎﻻﺭ
- 9. ﻫﻠﻨﯽﻫﺎﺩﺭﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ۴۵۷
ﺭﺍ ﺍﻳﮋﻩ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﯼ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥﺑەﺗﻴﻤﻮﻧﺪﺍﺱﻣﻨﺘﻮﺭ ﭘﺴﺮ)ﳑﻨﻮﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﺩﺭﺯﺍﺩﮤ(ﺧﻮ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺮﺩﺩﺵﺑەﻗﱪﺱ
ﺭﻓﺘﻪﺑەﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ َەﺗﺍﻭﺗﻮﻓﺮﺍﺩﺍ.ِﻥﻣﻴﺪﺍ ِﺩﻣﺮ ﺗﻴﻤﻮﻧﺪﺍﺱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺎﺁﻥﹺﻢﺗﺼﻤﻴ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭ ،ﻧﺒﻮﺩ ﺭﻭﺯﮔﺎﺭ
ﺑﻮﺩ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﯽ ﺍﺷﺘﺒﺎﻩ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻮﺵ.ﹺﯼﺭﻫﺎﺳﺎﺯ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﯽ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﯼ ﺑﺎ ﳘﮑﺎﺭﯼ ﺁﻣﺎﺩﮤ ﺍﺳﭙﺎﺭﺕ ﻭ ﺁﺗﻦ
ﻳﻮﻧﺎﻥﻣﻘﺪﻭﻧﻴﻪ ﺳﻠﻄﮥ ﺍﺯﹺﺮﺗﺪﺑﻴ ﺗﻴﻤﻮﻧﺪﺍﺱ ﻭﻟﯽ ،ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪﺗﺎ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﺬﺏ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺷﺎﻳﺴﺘﻪﺯﻩﻧﻔﺲ
ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺖ.ﹺﯽﺍﻋﺰﺍﻣ ﻫﻴﺄﺕﺍﺳﭙﺎﺭﺕ ﻭ ﺁﺗﻦﮐەﺯﻧﺪﻩ ِﻥﮔﺮﻳﺨﺘﮕﺎﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﳘﺮﺍﻫﺸﺎﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﺒﺲ ﺷﻬﺮ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﮤ
ﺷﺎﻫﻨﺸﺎﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﯼﺑەﺭﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭ ﻣﺮﺩﺍﻥ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻭﻟﯽ ﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﻧﺪ ﺍﻩﺩﺳﺖﮔﻴﺮﺷﺪﻧﺪ.ﹺﺮﺳﺮﺍﺳ
ﺷﺎﻩ ﻭﻟﯽ ،ﺑﻮﺩ ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭ ﺑﺮﺿﺪ ﺷﻮﺭﺵ ﺁﻣﺎﺩﮤ ﻳﻮﻧﺎﻥﮐەﺧﻮﺩﺵﺑﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﯽ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺭﻗﺎﺑﺖ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﺎﺭ
ﳕﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﺴﺖﮐەﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺭﺍ ﺷﺎﻳﺴﺘﻪ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡﺍﺯ ﲪﺎﻳﺖﺩﻫﺪ ﺍﳒﺎﻡ ﻳﻮﻧﺎﻧﻴﺎﻥ.
ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺷﻬﺎ ﺍﻳﻦﮐەﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻮﻧﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﻮﺭﺧﺎﻥ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﮥﺍﻓﺴﺎﻧﻪ ﳘﮥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺯﻣﺎﻥﺳﺎﺯﻳﻬﺎﺋﯽﮐەﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﮤ
»ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭ ﹺﯽﻳﻮﻧﺎﻧ ﺟﻬﺎﺩﺑﺮﺑﺮﻫﺎ«ﺑﯽ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪﻣﻌﻨﺎﻣﯽ ﭘﻮﭺ ﻭﳕﺎﻳﺎﻧﺪ.ﻳﻮﻧﺎﻧﻴﺎﻥ
ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺎﻥ.ﺁﻬﻧ ﺍﻭﺑﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺎﺧﺸﻮﻧﺖﺍﺭﻋﺎﺏ ﻭﺑەﮐﺸﺎﻧﺪ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻢﻩﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺷﺎﻩ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻭ ،ﺑﻮﺩ
ﺑﻮﺩ ﻭﺿﻌﯽ ﺩﺭﮐەﻣﯽِﻥﻣﺮﺩﺍ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺴﺖﮐﺎﻓﯽ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﯼ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺗﺪﺑﻴﺮﺑەﺟﻨﮓ ِﻥﺷﺪ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﺑﻔﺮﺳﺘﺪ ﻳﻮﻧﺎﻥ
ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭﺑەِﮎﺧﺎ ِﻥﺩﺭﻭﺑﻮﺩ ﺣﺘﻤﯽ ﻳﻮﻧﺎﻥ،ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺷﺎﻫﻨﺸﺎﻫﯽ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻧﻪ ﻭﺑﻞﮐەﳒﺎﺕ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻳﻮﻧﺎﻥ
ﻣﯽﻳﺎﻓﺖ.ﻭﻟﯽﺍﻭﮔﺎﺭﺳﺮﻧﻮﺷﺖﭼﻨﺎﻥﺑﻮﺩﮐەﹺﯼﺳﺮﻭﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥﻳﺎﺑﺪ ﺧﺎﲤﻪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ.ﺳﻪ ﮐﻮﺩﺗﺎﻫﺎﯼﮔﺎﻧﮥ
ﻗﺪﺭﺕﹺﯽﮐﻨﻮﻧ ﺭﻗﺎﺑﺖ ﻭ ،ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻮﺵ ِﺩﺧﻮ ﺍﺯﲨﻠﻪ ﭘﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺎﻥﺍﻗﺘﺪﺍﺭﺧﻮﺍﻫﺎﻥ،ﺳﻮﻡ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻮﺵ ﺑﺎ
ﹺﺭﺍﻣﻮ ﺷﻴﺮﺍﺯﮤﻫﺨﺎﻣﻨﺸﯽ ِﺖﺳﻠﻄﻨﺭﺍﺑەﺍﺯﻫﻢ ﺁﺳﺘﺎﻧﮥﺑﻮﺩ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﭘﺎﺷﻴﺪﮔﯽ.
ﺳﺮﻧﻮﺷﺖ ﺟﻨﮓﺍﻳﺴﻮﺱ ﺳﺎﺯ
ﺳﺎﻝ ﻬﺑﺎﺭ ﺗﺎ۳۳۳ﻓﺮﻳﺠﻴﻪ ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭﺩﺭﺍﻧﺎﺗﻮﻟﯽ ﹺﯽﻣﻴﺎﻧ ﹺﺏﺟﻨﻮﻭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺭﺍﺑەﮐﻴﻠﻴﮑﻴەﺩﺭ
ﺷﺎﻡ ﹺﯽﴰﺎﻟ ﹺﯽﳘﺴﺎﻳﮕﺑﻮﺩ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻩ.ﭘﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻳﮏﺑەَەﻣﺍﺭﺷﺎ ﻧﺎﻡﮐەﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﺭﺍ ﮐﻴﻠﻴﮑﻴە ﺷﻬﺮﻳﺎﺭﯼ
ﺟﺎﻧﺎﻧﻪﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺩﺭﺑﻮﺩ ﺷﮑﺴﺖ ﻓﺮﺟﺎﻣﺶ ﻭﻟﯽ ،ﳕﻮﺩ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭ.ﮐﻴﻠﻴﮑﻴەﺑەﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭ ﺩﺳﺖ
ﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩ.ﹺﺝﺗﺎﺭﺍﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﯼ ﺍﻣﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﻧﺎﺗﻮﻟﯽ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﯽ ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎﯼﺭﺍﻧﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭ ﺳﭙﺎﻫﻴﺎﻥ ﺼﻴﺐﮐﺮﺩﻩﻭ
ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺭﺍ ﺁﻬﻧﺎ ﺍﺷﺘﻬﺎﯼﮔﺸﺎﻳﹺﯽﺑﻮﺩ ﮔﺸﻮﺩﻩ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ.ﺑﻌﻼﻭﻩﹾﻝﺍﻣﻮﺍ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻭﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﯼ ﻣﺰﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ
ﺁﻥ ﻭ ﮐﺮﺩ ﺧﻮﻳﺶ ﺳﭙﺎﻩ ﺟﺬﺏ ﺭﺍ ﻳﻮﻧﺎﻧﻴﺎﻥﺭﺍﺑەﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﯼ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﴰﺎﺭ.ﺍﻭﮐەﹺﯽﺁﺷﻔﺘﮕ ﺍﺯ
ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﮤ ﻧﺎﺭﺿﺎﻳﺘﯽ ﻭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﯽ ﺍﻭﺿﺎﻉ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﯽﺳﭙﻪﺩﺍﺭﺍ ﺍﻥﺳﻮﻡ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻮﺵ ﺍﺯ ﻳﺮﺍﻥﺧﱪﺩﺍﺷﺖ
ﺑﻮﺩ ﺩﺭﺻﺪﺩﮐەﺑﮕﻴﺮﺩ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﻳﮏ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻭ ﺷﺎﻡ ﺁﺷﻔﺘﻪ ﺍﻭﺿﺎﻉ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ.ﺍﻭ
ﺍﺯ ﭘﻴﺎﻣﻬﺎﺋﯽﮐﺎﻫﻨﺎﻥ)ﻓﻘﻴﻬﺎﻥ(ﺑﻮﺩ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﮐﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﹺﯽﺑﻮﻣ ﺳﺮﺍﻥ ﻭﮐەﹺﯽﺁﻣﺎﺩﮔ ﺍﺯ ﺧﱪﺁﻬﻧﺎ
ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻢ ﺑﺮﺍﯼﺑەﻣﯽ ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭﺑﻨﺎ ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭ ﺗﺎ ﺩﺍﺩﺑەﻭﻋﺪﻩﻫﺎﺋﯽﮐە۔ﻓﺮﻳﺐﮐﺎﺭﺍﻧﻪ۔ﺑﺮﺍﻳﻓﺮﺳﺘﺎﺩﻩ ﺸﺎﻥ
- 10. ﺑﺎﺯﺧﻮﺍﻧﯽﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ-ﲞﺶﺳﻮﻡ ۴۵۸
ﺑﻮﺩﺳﺮﺯﻣﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﺁﻥﺭﺍﮐﺸﻴﺪﻩ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﺑﻴﮕﺎﻧﮕﺎﻥ ﺳﻠﻄﮥ ﺍﺯﺑەﺑﺮﺳﺎﻧﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﻼﻝ.ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺸﺎﻭﺭﺍﻧﯽ ﺍﻭ
ﺩﺍﺷﺖﮐەﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻭﺿﺎﻉ ﺍﺯ ﻭ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻧﺎﺗﻮﻟﯽ ﺩﺭﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺁﮔﺎﻫﻴﻬﺎﯼﺩﺍﺷﺘﻨﺪ.
ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭﻣ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﳒﺎﻡ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺍﺯ ﮐە ﺧﱪﮔﻴﺮﻳﻬﺎﺋﯽ ﺑﺎﯽﺩﺍﻧﺴﺖﮐەﹺﯽﺷﺎﻫﻨﺸﺎﻫ ﹺﻉﺍﻭﺿﺎ
ﺑەﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥﻧﺎﺑەﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﻭ ﺁﺷﻔﺘﮕﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺋﯽﺍﺳﺖﮐەﺩﺍﺭﻳﻮﺵﳕﯽﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﮐﺎﻓﯽ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﯼ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ
ﮐﻨﺪ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﺍﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﻳﺎﺭﻭﻳﯽ.ﺑﻌﻼﻭﻩﻣﯽﺩﺍﻧﺴﺖﮐەﭼﻮﻥ ﻭ ،ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻧﺪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻮﺵ ﳐﺎﻟﻔﺎﻥ
ﹺﯽﺩﺍﺧﻠ ﺟﻨﮕﻬﺎﯼ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺍﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻮﺵﺩﺍﺭﻳﻮﺵ ِﺕﻗﺪﺭ ِﻥﺭﻗﻴﺒﺎﻭ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪﺕ
ﭘﺎﺭﻩ ﺭﺍ ﻫﺨﺎﻣﻨﺸﯽ ﮐﺸﻮﺭﮐﺮﺩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺗﻀﻌﻴﻒ ﻭ ﭘﺎﺭﻩ.ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺯﻣﯽ ﺭﻭﺧﻮﺍﺳﺖﮐەﻧﺰﺩﻳﮏ ﺩﺭﺗﺮﻳﻦ
ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻮﺵ ﳑﮑﻦ ِﺖﻓﺮﺻﺑەﺑﮑﺸﺎﻧﺪ ﺧﻮﺩﺵ ﺑﺎ ﺟﻨﮓ.ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎﺗﯽﮐەﺗﺎ ﺍﻭﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﻦﺗﻮﺳﻂ
ِﺪﻧﻴﺮﻭﻣﻨ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺘﻬﺎﯼ ﺑﺎ ﲤﺎﺱ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺎﺳﻮﺳﺎﻧﺶﺭﺍ ﺍﻭ ،ﺑﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﳒﺎﻡ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻭ ﺷﺎﻡ ﺩﺭ ﳏﻠﯽ
ﺍﻣﻴﺪﺑﻮﺩ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﻭﺍﺭﮐەﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﺩﺷﻮﺍﺭ ﭼﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﮐﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺮﻓﱳ.
ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﮥ ﻭ ،ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺴﺘﺮﯼ ﻭ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭ ﮐە ﮐﺮﺩ ﺷﺎﻳﻊ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻧﺪ ﮐﻴﻠﻴﮑﻴە ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭﺑە ﺭﺍ ﮔﻴﺮﯼ
ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﻣﻮﮐﻮﻝ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﯼ ِﺖﻓﺮﺻ.ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻮﺵﺑەِﻂﺗﻮﺳﺑﻮﺩ ﻓﺮﺳﺘﺎﺩﻩ ﺑەﺍﻧﺎﺗﻮﻟﯽ ﮐە ﺧﱪﮔﻴﺮﺍﻧﯽ
ﺷﻨﻴﺪﮐەﻃﺮﺳﻮﺱ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﮑﯽ ﮐﻴﻠﻴﮑﻴە ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭ)ﻣﺮ ﺷﻬﺮﺷﺎﻡ ﻭ ﮐﻴﻠﻴﮑﻴە ﺯﯼ(ﻟﺸﮑﺮﮔﺎﻩﺍﺳﺖ ﺯﺩﻩ
ﻭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭ ﻭﺳﭙﺎﻫﻴﺎﻧﺶﹺﻡﺳﺮﮔﺮﺭﻭﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﺎﺭﺍﺝﻣﻨﻄﻘﮥﮐﻴﻠﻴﮑﻴە ﮐﻮﻫﺴﺘﺎﻧﯽﺍﺳﺘﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭ ﻭ ،ﻨﺪ
ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺩﺭﮐەﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺎﺭﺍﺟﻬﺎﺑەﺑﺮﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻣﻘﺪﻭﻧﻴە.ﺷﺪ ﺑﺮﺁﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻮﺵ ﻟﺬﺍﺑە ﮐەﺍﺯ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺎﻡ
ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭ ﺷﺪﻩ ﮐﻴﻠﻴﮑﻴە ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﻳﮏ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﺴﻮﺱ ﺭﺍﻩﮔﻮﺵ ﺭﺍﺩﻫﺪ ﻣﺎﻟﯽ.ِﻥﳐﺎﻟﻔﺎ ﺧﻄﺮ
ﺷﺪ ﳎﺒﻮﺭ ﺍﻭ ﻭ ،ﺑﻮﺩ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﻧﺪﺍﻧﯽﮐەﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﻩﺍﺵ)ﺯﻥ ﻭ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﻣﺎﺩﺭ
ﻓﺮﺯﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﻭ(ﺑﱪﺩ ﺧﻮﺩﺵ ﺑﺎ ﺭﺍ.ﻧﻴﺰ ﺭﺍ ﺳﻠﻄﻨﺘﯽ ﺟﻮﺍﻫﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﺯ ﲞﺸﯽ ﺍﻭﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﻏﻴﺎﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺮﺩ
ﻧﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﻭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻭ ،ﺩﻫﺪ ﺭﺥ ﲢﻮﻻﺗﯽ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻭﮐەﺑەﺑﯽ ،ﻳﺎﺑﺪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺳﻠﻄﻨﺖﻭ َﺪﻧﳕﺎ ﭼﻴﺰ
ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪﮐەﺛﺮﻭﻬﺗﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﺎﺑەﺑﭙﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ ﻧﻴﺮﻭ ﮔﺮﺩﺁﻭﺭﯼ.
ﳕﯽ ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭﺧﻮﺍﺳﺖﺑەﻭﻋﺪﻩﻫﺎﺋﯽﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﯽ ﺍﻧﺎﺗﻮﻟﯽ ﺑەﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﮐەﺍﺳﺘﻘﻼﻝﻋﻤﻞ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ
،ﮐﻨﺪﺑﻞﮐەﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢﮐەﺭﺍ ﳏﻠﯽ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻣﻨﺪﺍﻥﺑەﺑﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﺸﻐﻮﻝ ﺧﻮﺩﺷﺎﻥ.ﺩﺭﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ،ﺟﻨﮓ
ﻣ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﯽﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﻴﺎﻥﺧﻮﺍﻫﺎﻥﺳﺮﺯﻣﻴﻨﻬﺎﯼﺍﻧﺎﺗﻮﻟﯽ ﹺﯽﺩﺭﻭﻧﺩﺍﺩ ﺭﺥ:ﻓﺮﺍﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﺁﺷﻮﺏ ﺭﺍ َەﻳِﺪﻟﻴ.
ﭘﻴﺴﻴﺷﺪﻧﺪ ﺟﻨﮓ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻓﺮﻳﮕﻴﻪ ﺑﺮﺿﺪ ﺪﻳﻬﺎ.ﹶﺖﮐ ﺩﺭﺳﻮﻡ َﻴﺮﺷَﺩﹶﺭﺍ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻭ ﭘﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﺪﺗﯽ ﺍﺯ ﹶەﮐَﺘﻮﭘ
ﻣﺎﺩﯼ ﻭ ﭘﺎﺭﺳﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺎﺭﻭﯼ ﺑﺎ ﻭ ﺑﻮﺩ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ َﻴﺮﺷَﺩﹶﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﳐﺎﻟﻔﺖ ﻳﺎ ﺩﺍﺭﯼﮐﺎﺭ
ﺁﻣﺪﻥﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻮﺵﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺗﺪﺍﻭﻡ ﻭﺿﻊ،ﺷﺪ ﮐﺸﺘﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﯽ ﺟﻨﮓ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻮﺵ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺏ ﺷﻬﺮﻳﺎﺭ
ﹶﺖﮐ ﻭﹺﯽﻣﺪﻋ ﺩﻭ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﹶەﮐَﺘﻮﭘﺷﺪ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺳﻠﻄﻨﺖﮐەﻭ ،ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻮﺵ ﳐﺎﻟﻔﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺮﺩﻭﺩﺭﮔﻴﺮﯼ
ﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﻣﺪﻬﺗﺎ ﺁﻬﻧﺎ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ؛ﺁﻬﻧﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻳﮑﯽ ﺳﺮﺍﳒﺎﻡﮐەﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺑﻮﺩ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺭﺍ ﮐﺎﭘﺎﺩﻭﮐﻴە ﺟﻨﻮﺏﺁﻥﮐە
- 11. ﻫﻠﻨﯽﻫﺎﺩﺭﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ۴۵۹
ﺍﺳﮑ ﲪﺎﻳﺖﮐﻨﺪ ﮐﺴﺐ ﺭﺍ ﻨﺪﺭﻫﻴﺄﺗﯽﺭﺍﺑەﻭ ﻓﺮﺳﺘﺎﺩ ﺍﻭ ﻧﺰﺩﺑەﹺﻝﺩﻧﺒﺎﻣﺬﺍﮐﺮﺍﺗﯽﮐەﺑﺎ ﻫﻴﺄﺕ ﺍﻳﻦ
ﮐﺮﺩ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﳒﺎﻡ ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭﮐەﻟﺸﮑﺮﮐﺸﯽ ﻗﺼﺪ ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭﺑەﮐﺖﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺭﺍ ﭘﺘﻮﮐە.
ﺑﻮﺩ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﯽﮐەﺑﮕﻴﺮﺩ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻳﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭﮐەﭼﻨﺎﻥﭼەﺷﻮﺩ ﺟﻨﮓ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻮﺵ
ﮐﺖ ﺳﭙﺎﻫﻴﺎﻥﺑﺎ ﹶەﮐﭘﺘﻮﻧﮑﻨﻨﺪ ﳘﺮﺍﻫﯽ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻮﺵ.
ﺑەﺍﻳﻦ،ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻋﻤ ﺍﻧﺎﺗﻮﻟﯽ ﺳﺮﺍﺳﺮﹰﻼﺷﺪ ﺁﺷﻮﺏ ﺩﺭ ﻭ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻮﺵ ﻗﻠﻤﺮﻭ ﺣﻴﻄﮥ ﺍﺯ.
ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﯽ ﺳﺮﺯﻣﻴﻨﻬﺎﯼﺯﻣﻴﻦﻭ ،ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺘﯽ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻧﻴﺰﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺩﺭﻭ ﻣﺎﺩ ﺩﺭ ِﺪﻧﻴﺮﻭﻣﻨ ﭼﻨﺪ
َﻮَﺗَﺮَﭘ)ﭘﺎﺭﺕ(َﻮَﻳﺮﻫ ﻭ)ﻫﺮﺍﺕ(َەﻧِﻴﺎﻏَﺮﻣ ﻭ)َﺮﻭﻣ(ﺑﻮﺩ ﺑﺮﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺳﺮﻧﺪﻭﺑﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻮﺵ ﻣﺪﻋﯽﻭ ﻧﺪ
ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ِﻩﺷﺎﻫﻨﺸﺎ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﻫﺮﮐﺪﺍﻡ.ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﮥ ﺩﺭ،ﮐﺸﻮﺭ ﹺﯽﺩﺭﻭﻧ ﺁﺷﻔﺘﮕﻴﻬﺎﯼﺍﺭﺗﺶ
ﺷﺎﻫﻨﺸﺎﻫﯽ)ﹺﺶﺍﺭﺗﺩﺍﺭﻳﻮﺵ(ﺑەﺑﻮﺩ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻩ ﺿﻌﻒ ﻬﻧﺎﻳﺖ.
ﺩﺭﻭﻏﻴﻨﯽ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺷﻬﺎﯼ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻮﺵﮐەﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖﮐﺮﺩﻩﺑﻮﺩﺟﺎﺳﻮﺳﺎﻥ ﮐە ۔ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺷﻬﺎﺋﯽ
ﻣﯽ ﺍﻭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﮥ ﹺﻖﻃﺒ ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭﭘﺮﺍﮐﻨﺪﻧﺪ۔ﺍﻣﯽ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ﺭﺍ ﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭﭘﻨﺪﺍﺷﺖ.ﺑەﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺧﱪ ﺍﻭﮐە
ﺑﺎﺯﮔﺸﱳ ﺩﺭﺻﺪﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭ ﮐﻴﻠﻴﮑﻴە ﺩﺭ ﺍﮐﻨﻮﻥ ﻭ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﻧﺎﺗﻮﻟﯽ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﺍﻣﻮﺍﻝ ﺗﺎﺭﺍﺝ ﺟﺰ ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭ ﻗﺼﺪ
ﺑەﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﻘﺪﻭﻧﻴە.ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﺋﯽ ﺍﻭﮐەﺍﺯ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻳﺶﺁﻥﮐەﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭ
ﺑەﻳﮏ ﺭﺍ ﮐﺎﺭﺵ ﮐﻴﻠﻴﮑﻴە ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻪ ﻳﻮﻧﺎﻥﺳﮐﻨﺪ ﺮﻩ.ﺑﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻭﺑەﭘﺎ ﹺﺮﺯﻳ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺎ ﺭﻓﺖ ﺣﻠﺐ
ﺗﻨﮓ ﻬﻧﺎﺩﻥﺍﻳﺴﻮﺱ ﺭﺍﻩ)ﮐﻴﻠﻴﮑﻴە ﻭ ﺳﻮﺭﻳﻪ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﮐﻮﻫﺴﺘﺎﻧﯽ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﮥ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ(ﺷﻮﺩ ﮐﻴﻠﻴﮑﻴە ﻭﺍﺭﺩ.
ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭﮐەﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺍﻳﻦﺩﺭ ﺑﻮﺩ ﭼﻴﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﻫﺎﹺﺮﺩﻳﮕ ﹺﯼﺳﻮﺍﻳﻦﺗﻨﮓﻣﻨﺘﻈﺮ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻳﺶ ﳘﮥ ﺑﺎ ﺭﺍﻩ
ﺑﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻮﺵ.
ﺩﯼ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻮﺵﻣﺎﻩ۳۳۳ﭖﺣ ﺩﺭ ﻡﺗﻨﮓ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺯ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻴﻦﺭﺍﻩﺑەﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩ ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭ ﺩﺍﻡ.ﺗﻨﮓﺭﺍﻩ
،ﺍﻳﺴﻮﺱﭼﻨﺎﻥﮐەﮔﺰﻳﻨﻮﻓﻮﻥﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺩﻫﻪ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ،ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺢ١
ﺑﺎﺭﻳﮑﻪﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺋﯽ
ﻣﺪﻳﺘﺮﺍﻧﻪ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﯼ ﻭ ﺍﻳﺴﻮﺱ ِﻩﮐﻮﮐەﻳﮏﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ِﻩﮐﻮ ﺭﺍ ﺳﻮﻳﺶﺍﺣﺎﻃﻪ ﺩﺭﻳﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﺵ ﺳﻮﯼ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ
ﺑﻮﺩ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ.ﺩﻭ ﺩﺭﻳﻌﻨ ،ﺑﺎﺭﻳﮑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻮﯼﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﻮﺭ ﻭ ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺩﻭ ،ﺟﻨﻮﺏ ﻭ ﴰﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﯽ
ﺩﺭﻭﺍﺯﻩﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﯼ ،ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺁﻫﻨﻴﻦ ﻋﻈﻴﻢ ﻫﺎﯼﺑەﻣﯽ ﺧﺘﻢ ﻣﺪﻳﺘﺮﺍﻧﻪ ﺁﻬﺑﺎﯼ ِﻥﺩﺭﻭﺑﺮ ﻭ ،ﺷﺪ
ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎﯼ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﻫﺮ ﻓﺮﺍﺯﹺﺲﭘ ﺩﺭ ﻭ ،ﺑﻮﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﻧﯽﺩﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺮﮐﺪﺍﻡﻳﮏ ﺩﺭﻭﺍﺯﻩ
،ﺑﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺋﺮ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﯽ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﺎﻩﮐەﺳﻮﺭﻳﻪ ﺧﺎﮎ ﺩﺭ ﻳﮑﯽﻣﯽ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﮐﻴﻠﻴﮑﻴە ﺧﺎﮎ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﯼ ﻭﺷﺪ.
ﺩﺭﻭﺍﺯﻩ ﺩﻭ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﮥﺣﺪﻭﺩﺭﻭﺩﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻭ ،ﺑﻮﺩ ﮐﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﺷﺶﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺋﯽﮐە
ﺑەﻣﯽ ﻣﺪﻳﺘﺮﺍﻧﻪ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﯼﺭﻳﺨﺖ.ﺁﻥ ﻭﺭﺍﯼ ﻭ ،ﺑﻮﺩ ﮐﻴﻠﻴﮑﻴە ﻭ ﺳﻮﺭﻳﻪ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﯽ ِﻩﺭﺍ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ
ﺳﺨﺖ ﮐﻮﻫﺴﺘﺎﻧﯽ ﹺﻖﻣﻨﺎﻃﺑﻮﺩ ﮔﺬﺭﮐەﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥﹺﺭﮔﺬﺁﻬﻧﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻟﺸﮑﺮﻧﺪﺍﺷﺖ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ.ﮔﺬﺭﮔﺎﻩ ﻳﮏ ﺍﻳﻦ
1.،ﺁﻧﺎﺑﺎﺳﻴﺲ ،ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻮﻓﻮﻥ۱،۴/۴۔۵.
- 12. ﺑﺎﺯﺧﻮﺍﻧﯽﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ-ﲞﺶﺳﻮﻡ ۴۶۰
ﺑﻮﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﮋﻳﮏﮐەﹺﺮﻟﺸﮑ ﻳﮏﮐﻢﻣﯽ ﴰﺎﺭﺗﻮﺍﻧﺴﺖﮐەﻟﺸﮑﺮ ﻳﮏ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ
ﮐﻨﺪ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﯼ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ.ﮐﻬﺘﺮ ﮐﻮﺭﻭﺵ۔ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺟﺎﯼ ﺩﺭ ﮐﻪﺭﻓﺖ ﺳﺨﻦ ﺍﺵ۔ﻧﻴﺰﻭﻗﺘﯽ
ﻣﯽﺧﻮﺍﺳﺖﮐەﺗﻨﮓ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺯﺭﺍﻩﺑﮕﺬﺭﺩﮐﺸﺘﻴﻬﺎﺋﯽﺑەﺗﺎ ﻓﺮﺳﺘﺎﺩ ﻣﻌﱪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﹺﺭﮐﻨﺎﭼﻨﺎﻥﭼەﺧﻄﺮﯼ
ﺁﻳﺪ ﺑەﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﺮﺍﻳﺶﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪﮐەﮐﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻓﺮﺍﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﮐﺸﺘﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺯ.
ﺍﮐﻨﻮﻥﺑەﻣﯽ ﻧﻈﺮﺭﺳﺪﻓﺮﻣﺎﻥ ﮐەﺩﻩﺩﺭﻭﺍﺯﻩ ﻧﮕﻬﺒﺎﻥ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﯼﺗﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﯼﺍﻳﺴﻮﺱ ﺭﺍﻩ۔ﮐﻪ
ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﹰﻻﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﺍﺯﺑﻮﻣﯽﺑﻮﺩﻩ۔ﻏﻠﻄﯽ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺷﻬﺎﯼ ﻭ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭ ﻓﺮﻭﺧﺘﮥﺑەﺗﺎ ﻓﺮﺳﺘﺎﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻮﺵ
ﺗﻨﮓ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﲤﺎﻡ ﻏﻔﻠﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻭﺭﺍﻩﻭ ﺷﻮﺩﺑەﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭ ﺩﺍﻡﺍﻓﺘﺪ.
ﺳﭙﺎﻫﻴﺎﻧﺶ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﺼﺮ ﺷﻬﺮﻳﺎﺭﮐەَﺪُﻤﻋًﺎﺗﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﻳﻮﻧﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﺰﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥﺑەﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺎﻡﺑەﺩﺍﺭﻳﻮﺵ
ﺑﻮﺩ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺳﻮﻡ.ﺗﻨﮓ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺯ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺣﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻮﺵﺭﺍﻩﺑەﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺷﮑﺴﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩ ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭ ﺩﺍﻡ.
ﺷ ﭘﻴﺮﻭﺯ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻭ ،ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺑﻠﻨﺪﻳﻬﺎ ﳘﮥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭ ﺯﺑﺪﮤ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﯼﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺪﻥ.
ﺑﻮﺩ ﮐﺎﻓﯽﮐەﺳﭙﺎﻫ ﻭ ﺷﺎﻩ ﻭﻗﺘﯽﻴﺎﻧﺶﺑەﺩﺭﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻳﮑﯽ ﺩﺭﻭﻥﻣﯽ ﻫﺎﺳﺮﺷﺎﻥ ﻓﺮﺍﺯ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻨﻬﺎ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻧﺪ
ﺳﻨﮓﺑﺎﺭﺍﻥﺷﺎﻥﮐﻨﻨﺪ.
ﮐە ﻣﻬﻤﯽ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻋﺎﻣﻞﺭﺍ ﺍﻳﺴﻮﺱ ﺟﻨﮓ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﮥﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭ ِﺩﺑەﺳﻮ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻮﺵ ﺑەﺯﻳﺎﻥﺯﺩ ﺭﻗﻢ
ﺑﻮﺩ ﺁﻥﮐەﺍﻳﺮﺍ ﺛﺮﻭﻬﺗﺎﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭﯼ ﻭ ﺷﺪﻥ ﭘﻴﺮﻭﺯ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻣﻘﺪﻭﻧﻴﺎﻥﺳﭙﺎﻫﻴﺎﻥ ﻭ ،ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﻥ
ﹺﯽﻳﻮﻧﺎﻧ ﻣﺰﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﺯﲨﻠﻪ ﺷﺎﻩﺍﻭﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﺳﺮﺑﺎﺯﺍﻧﯽﮐەﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻥ ﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﻓﮑﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮﭼﻴﺰﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﺶ.
ﮔﺰﺍﻓﻪ ﺑﺎ ﳘﺮﺍﻩ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺁﺭﻳﺎﻧﺪ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻳﺴﻮﺱ ﺟﻨﮓ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻫﺎﯼﴰﺎﺭ ﻭ ،ﺍﻧﺪ
ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻮﺵ ﺳﭙﺎﻫﻴﺎﻥ۶۰۰ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﻫﺰﺍﺭﺍﻧﺪﮐەﺳﯽﻳﻮﻧﺎ ﻣﺰﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺗﻨﺸﺎﻥ ﻫﺰﺍﺭﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﻧﯽ.ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ
ﮐەﴰﺎﺭ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺫﮐﺮﮐﻼﻧﯽﺑﺰﺭﮒ ﺑﺮﺍﯼِﻥﺩﺍﺩ ﺟﻠﻮﻩﻭ ﺍﺳﺖ؛ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﻳﺴﻮﺱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭ ﭘﻴﺮﻭﺯﯼ
ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪﮐەﺑﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻎ ﺍﻳﺴﻮﺱ ﺟﻨﮓ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺳﭙﺎﻩ ﮐﺸﺘﮕﺎﻥ ﴰﺎﺭﺻﺪﺑﻮﺩ ﺗﻦ ﻫﺰﺍﺭ.١
ﺍﻣﺎﭼﻮﻥﮐەﮔﺬﺭِﻥﺩﺍﺩﴰﺎﺭ ﭼﻨﻴﻦﮐﻼﻧﯽﺗﻨﮓ ﺍﺯﺁﻧﭽﻨﺎﻧ ﺭﺍﻫﯽﯽﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻮﺳﻂﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵﮔﺮﺍﻥ
ﻏﻴﺮﳑﮑﮔﺰﺍﻓﻪ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺘﺶ ﻭ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺁﺷﻔﺘﻪ ﺍﻳﺴﻮﺱ ﺟﻨﮓ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻦﻬﻧﺎﻥ ﮔﻮﻳﻴﻬﺎ
ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ.ﺁﻥﭼەﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﺴﻠﻢﺁﻥﮐەﺑﻮﺩ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻭﺿﻌﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺎﻩﮐەﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺎﻧﺶ ﳒﺎﺕ ﺟﺰ
ﻣﺮﮒ ﺗﻨﮕﻨﺎﯼﻧﺪﺍﺷﺖ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﯽ ﻫﻴﭻ ﺑﺎﺭ.ﺍﻭﮐەﻣﯽِﻂﺷﺮﺍﻳ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﻧﺴﺖﹺﺱﺣﺴﺎْﯽﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﺑﻘﺎﯼ
ﻣﻠﺖ ﻭ ﮐﺸﻮﺭﺑەﻭﺍ ﺍﻭ ﺑﻘﺎﯼﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺴﺘﻪﺑەﻫﺮﻬﺑﺎﺋﯽﹺﯽﺗﺎﺭﻳﮑ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﺎ ،ﲟﺎﻧﺪ ﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ
ﺍﺯ ﺷﺐﮔﺮﺩﻭﻧﻪﹺﭗﺍﺳ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺑﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺟﻬﻴﺪﻩ ﺍﺵﺧﻄﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻭ ﺍﻓﮑﻨﺪ ﺗﻴﺰﺗﮑﯽﺭﻫﻴﺪ.ﹺﺯﺭﻭﭼﻮﻥ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ
ﹺﯼﭘﻴﺮﻭﺯﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭْﻩﺷﺎ ِﻥﺳﭙﺎﻫﻴﺎ ﺑﺮْﻩﺷﺎ ﺷﺪ ﺣﺘﻤﯽﻳﮏﺑﺎﺑﻞ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺳﺮﻩﭘﻴﺶ ﺩﺭﺗﺎ ﮔﺮﻓﺖﺩﻳﮕﺮﺑﺎﺭﻩ
ﺑەﮔﺮﺩﺁﻭﺭﯼﺳﭙﺎﻩﺑﭙﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩﮐﻨﺪ ﺣﻔﻆ ﻣﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﺩﴰﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍ ﮐﺸﻮﺭ ﻭ.ﺍﺯ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭ
1.ﺟﻨﮓ ﺗﻔﺼﻴﻞﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺴﻮﺱ:ﮐﺘﺎﺏ ،ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭ ﻟﺸﮑﺮﮐﺸﯽ ،ﺁﺭﻳﺎﻥ۲/۶۔۱۴.
- 13. ﻫﻠﻨﯽﻫﺎﺩﺭﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ۴۶۱
ﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺍﻃﻼﻉ ﺷﺎﻩ ﻓﺮﺍﺭﮐەﺩﻣﻴﺪ ﺳﭙﻴﺪﻩﺑﻮﺩ ﻩﺷﺎﻩ ﺭﺩﺍﯼ ﺑﺎ ﳘﺮﺍﻩ ﺳﻠﻄﻨﺘﯽ ﮔﺮﺩﻭﻧﮥ ﻭﺑەﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩﺵ ﺩﺳﺖ
ﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩ.ﺑﻮﺩ ﺍﻳﺴﻮﺱ ﮐﺸﺘﮕﺎﻥ ﲨﻠﮥ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺼﺮ ﺷﻬﺮﻳﺎﺭ.ﳘﻴﻦِﺖﺷﮑﺴﻧﻘﻄﮥ ﺍﻳﺴﻮﺱ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻮﺵ
ﺭﻗﻢ ﺭﺍ ﻫﺨﺎﻣﻨﺸﯽ ﺷﺎﻫﻨﺸﺎﻫﯽ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥﺯﺩ.
ّﻪﻴِﻘﻓﻴﻨﻴ ﻭ ﺳﻮﺭﻳﻪ ﺳﻘﻮﻁ
ﺷﺪﻩ ﺷﺎﻡ ﺳﺮﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭ ﺍﻳﺴﻮﺱ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻴﺮﻭﺯﯼ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺲﺑەﺩﻣﺸﻖ ﺳﻮﯼﺑەﺭﺍﻩﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩ.
ﴰﺎﺭﯼﻭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﯽ ﺧﺎﻧﺪﺍﻬﻧﺎﯼ ﺍﺯﺑﺮﺧﯽﺩﺭ ﻫﺨﺎﻣﻨﺸﯽ ﺧﺎﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺍﺯﺩﻣﺸﻖﻣﯽﺯﻳﺴﺘﻨﺪ.ﴰﺎﺭﯼ
ﺭﺍ ﺧﻮﺩﺷﺎﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﻳﺴﻮﺱ ﺟﻨﮓ ﻓﺮﺍﺭﻳﺎﻥ ﺍﺯﺑەﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺩﻣﺸﻖ.ﹺﺰﻣﺮﮐ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺍﻳﻦﺷﺎﻡ ﺷﻬﺮﻳﺎﺭﯼ
ﮔﻨﺞ ﻭ ﺑﻮﺩﺧﺎﻧﮥﺑﺰﺭﮔﯽﻣﯽ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﯼ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭﺷﺪ.ﺟﻮﺍﻫﺮﺍﺗﯽ ﻭ ﺍﻣﻮﺍﻝ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻮﺵﮐەﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ
ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﺵﺑﻮﺩ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩﺑەﺩﻣﺸﻖﻓﺮﺳﺘﺎﺩﻩﺑﻮﺩﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺍﻣﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﺵ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻧﺰﺩ ﺗﺎ.ﻭ ﺯﻥ ﻭ ﻣﺎﺩﺭ
ﻳﮏ ﻭ ﺩﺧﺘﺮ ﺩﻭﹺﺮﭘﺴﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻮﺵﺑەﺩﻣﺸﻖﻓﺮﺳﺘﺎﺩﻩﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﺷﺪﻩ.ﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻮﺵ ﺷﮑﺴﺖﺧﱪ ﻳﺴﻮﺱ
ﻣﯽ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯﺩﺍﺩﮐەﺍﺳﺖ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻣﻨﺪ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭﮐەِﻥﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻴﺎﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺧﻴﺎﻟﺶ ﺷﺎﻡ.
ﺩﻣﺸﻖ ﺷﻬﺮﻳﺎﺭﮐەﻣﯽﺩﺍﻧﺴﺖﮐەﺑﺮﺁﻣﺪ ﺩﺭﺻﺪﺩ ،ﺍﺳﺖ ﻧﻴﺮﻭ ﮔﺮﺩﺁﻭﺭﯼ ﺗﻼﺵ ﺩﺭ ﻭ ﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻮﺵ
ﮐەﺭﺍ ﺩﻣﺸﻖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﺬﺍﮐﺮﻩ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭ ﺑﺎﺑەﺗﻌﺮﺽ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺷﺮﻁﺑەﺷﻬﺮ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﻭ ﺍﻣﻮﺍﻝﺑەﻭﺗﺴﻠﻴﻢ ﯼ
ﮐﻨﺪ.ًﺮﻇﺎﻫﺍﻣﺬﺍﮐﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻳﻦﺑەﻣﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﮤ ﻣﻮﺭﺧﺎﻥ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺷﻬﺎﯼ ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ،ﺭﺳﻴﺪ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ
ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻮﺵ ﹺﺮﺩﺧﺘ ﺩﻭ ﻭ ﳘﺴﺮ ﻭﮐەﺁﻬﻧﺎﺑەِﻥﻓﺮﻣﺎﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﺣﺘﺮﺍﻡ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭ
ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻨﺪ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ،ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪﮐەﭘﻴﺶﻓﺮﻧﺎﻡ ﻭ ﮐﺎﺭﺍﻥﺑﺮﺍﻧﺸﺎﻥﲡﻤﻼﺕ ﺩﺭ ،ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺭﺍﭘﻴﺸﻴﻦﲟﺎﻧﻨﺪ
ﺯﻳﻮﺭﻫ ﻭﺎﺷﺎﻥﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻧﮕﺎﻩ ﺭﺍ.ﻣﯽ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺷﻬﺎ ﺍﻳﻦﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪﮐەﺩﺭﻋﻴﻦﺁﻥﮐەﺷﻬﺒﺎﻧﻮﯼﺯﻳﺒﺎﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻮﺵ
ِﻥﺯﺩﺭ ﻭ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺭﻭﺯﮔﺎﺭْﯽﺯﻳﺒﺎﻳﲡﺎﻭﺯ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺍﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻃﻤﻊ ﭼﺸﻢ ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭ ،ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺖ ﳘﺘﺎﺑەﺍﻭ
ﺭﺍ ﺁﻬﻧﺎ ﻭﻗﺘﯽ ﻭ ﻭﺭﺯﻳﺪ؛ ﺧﻮﺩﺩﺍﺭﯼﺑەﺑﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﻧﺰﺩﺵﺑەﮔﻔﺖ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻓﻴﺎﻧﺶ:»ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﯽ ﺑﺎﻧﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻳﻦﭼە
ﺯﺩﻝ ﻭ ﻳﺒﺎﺭﺑﺎﺍﺳﺘﻨﺪ!«١
ﻧﺒﻮﺩ ﺑﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪﺑە ﮐەﻗﺮﺍﺭﻫﺎﺋﯽ ﻭ ﻗﻮﻝﮐەﲟﺎﻧﺪ ﭘﺎﺑﻨﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺩﻣﺸﻖ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ.
ﺍﺯ ﭘﺲ ﺍﻭﺁﻥﮐەﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻭ ﺷﻬﺮﻳﺎﺭ ،ﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺩﻣﺸﻖ ﺑﺮﻧﻴﺮﻭﻣﻨﺪﺍﻥﺷﻬﺮﺑە ﮐەﺧﻮﺩ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﺍﻭ
ﺭﺍﺑەﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻭﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﺭﺍﺭ ﻓﺮﺯﻧﺪﺍﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺯﻥ ﻭ ﹸﺸﺖﮐَﺑ ﺍﮐﺮﺩ ﺮﺩﻩ.ﻧﻘﺪﻳﻨﻪﺋﯽﮐە
ﺑەﺷﮑﻞﹺﺞﺭﺍﻳ ﺳﮑﮥﺯﺭﻳﮓﮔﻨﺞ ﺩﺭ ﴰﺶ ﻭﺩﻣﺸﻖ ﹺﯼﺷﻬﺮﻳﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﻧﮥﺑەﺑﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻎ ﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩ ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭ ﺩﺳﺖ
ﺳﻪﺗﺎﻻﻥ ﻫﺰﺍﺭ)ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﺶ۹۰ُﻦﺗ(ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ.ﭘﻠﻮﺗﺎﺭﮎﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﺎ،ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭ ِﻥﳘﺮﺍﻫﺎ ﻫﺎﯼ
ﺷﺪﻩ ﻳﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭﮐەﺑﺮ ﻭﻗﺘﯽ ﻣﻘﺪﻭﻧﻴﺎﻥﺁﻥ ﻭ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻨﺪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺩﻣﺸﻖ ﺛﺮﻭﻬﺗﺎﯼﺩﻭﺷﻴﺰﮔﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻧﻮﺍﻥ ﳘﻪ
1.،ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭ ﮐﺘﺎﺏ ،ﭘﻠﻮﺗﺎﺭﮎ۴۰۔۴۱.