This document provides information on rural agricultural work experience related to the production technology of sapota. It discusses the origin, distribution, climate and soil requirements, cultivation practices including propagation, planting, manuring, irrigation, training and pruning, harvesting and yield of sapota. It also covers post-harvest handling, storage, packaging, and the major pests and diseases that affect sapota cultivation.
Citrus (Production Technology and diseases)Zohaib Hassan
Citrus is major fruit crop all over the world. it faces many cultural as well as disease problems. This presentation give you the knowledge about basic requirement for citrus .
Ragi is cultivated using the SRI (System of Rice Intensification) system. Seedlings are grown in a nursery bed prepared with cattle manure for 9-15 days. Seedlings are then transplanted to the main field with 30 cm spacing between rows and plants using appropriate tools like ropes. Critical irrigation is necessary after transplanting and weeding must be done within 30 days. Applying vermi compost or biofertilizers can double production compared to traditional methods. Key challenges include ensuring soil moisture during transplanting and providing critical irrigation after.
This document provides information about groundnut seed production. It discusses the climatic requirements, soil and land requirements, selection of varieties, land preparation, seed treatment, sowing, isolation, fertilizer application, irrigation, intercultural operations, major weeds, plant protection, harvesting, drying and storage, yield, and Indian minimum seed certification standards for groundnut. It also outlines specific field work activities conducted for groundnut seed production, including land preparation, fertilizer application, sowing, and irrigation.
Cereal-based cropping systems are important in India. Key cereal crops include rice, wheat, and maize. Cropping systems organize crop rotations and combinations to best utilize resources like soil, water, and labor. Common rice-based systems include mixed rice varieties, intercropping rice with other crops, and sequential cropping after rice. Major maize-based systems include maize-wheat and maize-mustard. Wheat-based systems prominently feature the rice-wheat rotation. Benefits of optimized cropping systems include maintaining soil fertility, controlling pests and weeds, and improving food security.
Land Utilization and Cropping Pattern in Himachal Pradeshijtsrd
Since the agricultural sector accounts for the lions share in the Net State Domestic Product and employs more than two third of the working population, its growth is vital for the growth of the State economy and consequently, the socio economic upliftment of the rural masses. From this perspective, it is interesting to make a critical appraisal of the changing profile of agriculture in Himachal Pradesh. The present section gives an account of the changes in agriculture sector of Himachal Pradesh. A change in cropping patterns has been taking place in the State as elsewhere in the country. The shift in cropping pattern is normally advantageous and indicates a dynamic economy. The change depends upon the crops involved and the multifarious stimuli such as the changing economic, technological, and institutional factors. Food crops include cereals, pulses, vegetables, fruit crops, and spices together accounted for 96.00 per cent of the total cropped area while non food crops shared the remaining. The area under fruit crops registered the highest increase i.e. 1.3 per cent in 1970 71 to 8.03 per cent in 2019 2020 followed by wheat, vegetables, maize, and spices. However, the area under two principal cereal crops i.e. paddy, barley, pulses and oilseeds are decreased. Pulses suffered a maximum decline, followed by barley, paddy, total non food crops and total oilseeds during the reference period. The decrease in area under pulses and oilseeds might not be immediately disadvantageous to the fanners because of the present low level output input ratio of these crops, but nevertheless, it has national repercussions. Dr. Sham Singh Bains | Mr. Devinder Kumar Atlas "Land Utilization and Cropping Pattern in Himachal Pradesh" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-2 , February 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49407.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/other/49407/land-utilization-and-cropping-pattern-in-himachal-pradesh/dr-sham-singh-bains
This document provides information on rural agricultural work experience related to the production technology of sapota. It discusses the origin, distribution, climate and soil requirements, cultivation practices including propagation, planting, manuring, irrigation, training and pruning, harvesting and yield of sapota. It also covers post-harvest handling, storage, packaging, and the major pests and diseases that affect sapota cultivation.
Citrus (Production Technology and diseases)Zohaib Hassan
Citrus is major fruit crop all over the world. it faces many cultural as well as disease problems. This presentation give you the knowledge about basic requirement for citrus .
Ragi is cultivated using the SRI (System of Rice Intensification) system. Seedlings are grown in a nursery bed prepared with cattle manure for 9-15 days. Seedlings are then transplanted to the main field with 30 cm spacing between rows and plants using appropriate tools like ropes. Critical irrigation is necessary after transplanting and weeding must be done within 30 days. Applying vermi compost or biofertilizers can double production compared to traditional methods. Key challenges include ensuring soil moisture during transplanting and providing critical irrigation after.
This document provides information about groundnut seed production. It discusses the climatic requirements, soil and land requirements, selection of varieties, land preparation, seed treatment, sowing, isolation, fertilizer application, irrigation, intercultural operations, major weeds, plant protection, harvesting, drying and storage, yield, and Indian minimum seed certification standards for groundnut. It also outlines specific field work activities conducted for groundnut seed production, including land preparation, fertilizer application, sowing, and irrigation.
Cereal-based cropping systems are important in India. Key cereal crops include rice, wheat, and maize. Cropping systems organize crop rotations and combinations to best utilize resources like soil, water, and labor. Common rice-based systems include mixed rice varieties, intercropping rice with other crops, and sequential cropping after rice. Major maize-based systems include maize-wheat and maize-mustard. Wheat-based systems prominently feature the rice-wheat rotation. Benefits of optimized cropping systems include maintaining soil fertility, controlling pests and weeds, and improving food security.
Land Utilization and Cropping Pattern in Himachal Pradeshijtsrd
Since the agricultural sector accounts for the lions share in the Net State Domestic Product and employs more than two third of the working population, its growth is vital for the growth of the State economy and consequently, the socio economic upliftment of the rural masses. From this perspective, it is interesting to make a critical appraisal of the changing profile of agriculture in Himachal Pradesh. The present section gives an account of the changes in agriculture sector of Himachal Pradesh. A change in cropping patterns has been taking place in the State as elsewhere in the country. The shift in cropping pattern is normally advantageous and indicates a dynamic economy. The change depends upon the crops involved and the multifarious stimuli such as the changing economic, technological, and institutional factors. Food crops include cereals, pulses, vegetables, fruit crops, and spices together accounted for 96.00 per cent of the total cropped area while non food crops shared the remaining. The area under fruit crops registered the highest increase i.e. 1.3 per cent in 1970 71 to 8.03 per cent in 2019 2020 followed by wheat, vegetables, maize, and spices. However, the area under two principal cereal crops i.e. paddy, barley, pulses and oilseeds are decreased. Pulses suffered a maximum decline, followed by barley, paddy, total non food crops and total oilseeds during the reference period. The decrease in area under pulses and oilseeds might not be immediately disadvantageous to the fanners because of the present low level output input ratio of these crops, but nevertheless, it has national repercussions. Dr. Sham Singh Bains | Mr. Devinder Kumar Atlas "Land Utilization and Cropping Pattern in Himachal Pradesh" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-2 , February 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49407.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/other/49407/land-utilization-and-cropping-pattern-in-himachal-pradesh/dr-sham-singh-bains
This document summarizes the inflorescence, flowers, seed formation, and seed parts of pearl millet plants. It describes that pearl millet has a panicle inflorescence that can take different shapes and contains spikelets with 2-4 flowers. Each flower has staminate and hermaphrodite forms. Pollination occurs through the wind and is protogynous. Seeds form in a caryopsis and vary in shape, color, and size depending on their position in the panicle. Seed development progresses through stages until maturity.
Methi, also known as fenugreek, is a native of West Asia and the Mediterranean area. It is produced in many countries including India, China, Korea, Spain, Afghanistan, and Pakistan. There are several varieties including Kasuri, Methi No-47, and Methi No-14. Fenugreek has trifoliate leaves and yellow-white flowers. It is used medicinally for brain, skin, liver, metabolic, respiratory, and digestive issues. Fenugreek production requires seedbed preparation, sowing from October to November using a seed rate of 10-15 kg/ha, spacing of 30 cm between rows and 8-10 cm between plants, fertilization, 4-6 irrigations
Floral Biology and Seed Production of Green gramMahendra Reddy
This document provides information on the floral biology and seed production of greengram. It discusses the plant's taxonomic classification, origin in India, nutritional value, uses, and botanical description. Key aspects of greengram's floral biology covered include its inflorescence, floral parts, self-pollination during the bud stage, and techniques for artificial hybridization. Objectives of greengram breeding and important varieties are also summarized. The document concludes with details on seed production, including ideal agro-climatic conditions, isolation requirements, and steps involved from land preparation to seed treatment.
DISEASES OF GROUNDNUT AND THEIR MANAGEMENTDebasis Panda
This document discusses diseases that affect groundnuts and their management. It outlines two types of tikka disease that impact groundnuts - early tikka and late tikka. Early tikka causes spots on leaves and late tikka also causes spots, but provides no other details about symptoms or treatments for the diseases. It was authored by Debasis Panda, a 4th year agriculture student at Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology.
Farming system and sustainable agriculture notesISHAN DEWANGAN
Farming System-scope, importance, and concept, Types and systems of farming system and
factors affecting types of farming, Farming system components and their maintenance,
Cropping system and pattern, multiple cropping system, Efficient cropping system and their
evaluation, Allied enterprises and their importance, Tools for determining production and
efficiencies in cropping and farming system; Sustainable agriculture-problems and its impact
on agriculture, indicators of sustainability, adaptation and mitigation, conservation agriculture
strategies in agriculture, HEIA, LEIA and LEISA and its techniques for sustainability,
Integrated farming system-historical background, objectives and characteristics, components of
IFS and its advantages, Site specific development of IFS model for different agro-climatic
zones, resource use efficiency and optimization techniques, Resource cycling and flow of
energy in different farming system, farming system and environment, Visit of IFS model in
different agro-climatic zones of nearby states University/ institutes and farmers field.
This document discusses seed production methods for radish. It begins by noting India's import of radish seeds and the requirements for certified radish seeds in India. It then discusses the following key points in 3 sentences:
1) Radish is a highly cross-pollinated crop in the cruciferous family that is pollinated mainly by honey bees. Selection of true-to-type roots and isolation distances of 1600m for foundation seed and 1000m for certified seed production are required.
2) There are two common methods for radish seed production - the seed-to-seed (in situ) method and the root-to-seed (transplanting) method, with the latter allowing for
Banana physiological disorders A Lecture By Allah Dad Khan To FFS TraineesMr.Allah Dad Khan
This document summarizes various physiological disorders and nutrient deficiencies that affect banana plants. It describes the symptoms of chilling injury, abrasions, and deficiencies of phosphorus, nitrogen, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, boron, copper, iron, and manganese. For each issue, it provides the symptoms plants will exhibit and recommended corrective measures such as fertilizer applications or foliar sprays to address nutrient deficiencies.
cultivation practices in Potato, true potato seed (TPS)and its commercial usageBrahmesh Reddy B R
the presentation gives in brief idea and in depth information on cultivation practices in the horticultural crop of potato and its production through true potato seed technique. the physiological disorders in potato and irradiation in potato are also been explained
Plant Propagation (Layering and grafting) Chapter for SEE NepalAnjan Nepal
Layering is a plant propagation method where roots form on aerial plant parts still attached to the parent plant. There are several types of layering including simple layering, compound layering, mound layering, air layering, and trench layering. In air layering, the bark is removed from a branch and wrapped in sphagnum moss to induce rooting. Once roots form, the new plant is separated from the parent. Grafting involves joining a scion wood cutting to a rootstock plant so they will grow together. Common grafting methods include whip grafting, cleft grafting, wedge grafting, and side grafting. Budding is a type of grafting where a single bud is inserted
This document provides information about pomegranate including its botanical description, introduction, anatomy, uses, nutritional value, climate and soil requirements, propagation methods, planting details, flowering and fruit development, pollination, essential cultural practices, harvesting, varieties, and some pests and diseases. It discusses pomegranate's origin in Iran and cultivation in India. Key points covered include common varieties like Ganesh, methods like hardwood cuttings for propagation, optimal planting distances and seasons, and flower initiation techniques like bahar treatment.
onion botanical description ,cultivation and physiological disorders.Arvind Yadav
This document provides information on the cultivation and physiological disorders of onions. It describes the botanical details of onions, including their scientific name and family. It also outlines optimal climate conditions for growth, soil requirements, common varieties, sowing times, spacing, nutrition, and expected yields. The key physiological disorders of bolting and sprouting are explained, along with their causes and recommended corrections.
Scope Of Vegetable Seed Production Under Protected Cultivation.pptxAnusha K R
Protected cultivation provides many-fold advantages over open field seed production of vegetables. The beauty of vegetable hybrid seed production under protected conditions is that it could be implemented at a micro or macro level depending upon the need, space, and seed crop requirements. This technology is highly productive, amenable to automation, conserves water, fertilizer, and land, and provides the required environment to overcome the biotic and abiotic stress and enhance yield as well as the quality of seeds. Protected cultivation offers a very congenial environment for producing healthy, virus-free, and genetically pure hybrid seed with higher seed yield per unit area.
- India is the 5th largest producer and contributes 7% of global oilseed production. It has the largest acreage of sesame, safflower, and castor in the world.
- National rankings for oilseed production are: 1) soybean, 2) rapeseed-mustard, 3) groundnut. India accounts for 11.12% of global rapeseed and mustard (R&M) production and 19.29% of the global acreage for R&M.
- Integrated nutrient management (INM) which combines organic, inorganic and biological sources can maintain soil fertility and increase R&M and oilseed production in India. INM improves yield, soil properties, nutrient uptake
This document discusses seed production principles for sorghum. It begins with an introduction to sorghum, describing its origins in Africa and uses. It then covers the floral biology of sorghum, including its self-pollinating nature. The majority of the document discusses agronomic principles for sorghum seed production, including selection of the seed plot and isolation distances, land preparation, variety selection, seed treatment, planting times and methods, weed control, pest and disease management, fertilization, irrigation, harvesting, drying, and storage.
1. The document describes the trench method planting technique for sugarcane that can increase productivity. It involves making trenches, placing fertilizer and two rows of sugarcane sets in each trench.
2. Field demonstrations using this technique along with site-specific nutrient management in Uttar Pradesh led to improved germination from 38% to 64% and increased average yields from 675 quintals/hectare to 1000 quintals/hectare, doubling district productivity.
3. Variety CO 0238 is highlighted as a promising early variety for the Northwestern zone of India that has achieved the highest ever sugar recovery recorded in subtropical India.
This document discusses the yield of sunnhemp. Sunnhemp has a fibre content of 2-4% of the green stem weight and 8-12% of the dry weight. With improved irrigation and agricultural practices, it is possible to yield 0.8-1.0 tonnes of fibre per hectare from sunnhemp. The document was submitted by Bhanuprakash N to Dr. S.K. Thakral, a professor in the Department of Agronomy.
1) India has a population of over 1.2 billion people as of the 2011 census, with over 800 million living in rural areas and over 260 million working in agriculture.
2) Fertilizer production and consumption in India is significant, with over 15 million tonnes produced and over 25 million tonnes consumed annually to support agriculture and food production.
3) However, fertilizer use efficiency is relatively low in India, at 30-50% for nitrogen and 15-20% for phosphorus, due to issues like soil nutrient imbalances, lack of awareness on balanced nutrition, and poor crop management practices.
Potatoes originated in Peru but are now widely grown globally. India is the second largest producer of potatoes in the world. Potato varieties grown in India include Kufri Jyoti, Kufri Chandramukhi, and Kufri Chamatkar. Potatoes prefer cool temperatures between 15-25°C and well-drained soils. Production involves land preparation, planting seed potatoes in ridges or beds, applying fertilizers, irrigation, weed control, and protecting against diseases like early and late blight. Breeding methods aim to develop higher yielding, stress resistant varieties.
This document summarizes the inflorescence, flowers, seed formation, and seed parts of pearl millet plants. It describes that pearl millet has a panicle inflorescence that can take different shapes and contains spikelets with 2-4 flowers. Each flower has staminate and hermaphrodite forms. Pollination occurs through the wind and is protogynous. Seeds form in a caryopsis and vary in shape, color, and size depending on their position in the panicle. Seed development progresses through stages until maturity.
Methi, also known as fenugreek, is a native of West Asia and the Mediterranean area. It is produced in many countries including India, China, Korea, Spain, Afghanistan, and Pakistan. There are several varieties including Kasuri, Methi No-47, and Methi No-14. Fenugreek has trifoliate leaves and yellow-white flowers. It is used medicinally for brain, skin, liver, metabolic, respiratory, and digestive issues. Fenugreek production requires seedbed preparation, sowing from October to November using a seed rate of 10-15 kg/ha, spacing of 30 cm between rows and 8-10 cm between plants, fertilization, 4-6 irrigations
Floral Biology and Seed Production of Green gramMahendra Reddy
This document provides information on the floral biology and seed production of greengram. It discusses the plant's taxonomic classification, origin in India, nutritional value, uses, and botanical description. Key aspects of greengram's floral biology covered include its inflorescence, floral parts, self-pollination during the bud stage, and techniques for artificial hybridization. Objectives of greengram breeding and important varieties are also summarized. The document concludes with details on seed production, including ideal agro-climatic conditions, isolation requirements, and steps involved from land preparation to seed treatment.
DISEASES OF GROUNDNUT AND THEIR MANAGEMENTDebasis Panda
This document discusses diseases that affect groundnuts and their management. It outlines two types of tikka disease that impact groundnuts - early tikka and late tikka. Early tikka causes spots on leaves and late tikka also causes spots, but provides no other details about symptoms or treatments for the diseases. It was authored by Debasis Panda, a 4th year agriculture student at Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology.
Farming system and sustainable agriculture notesISHAN DEWANGAN
Farming System-scope, importance, and concept, Types and systems of farming system and
factors affecting types of farming, Farming system components and their maintenance,
Cropping system and pattern, multiple cropping system, Efficient cropping system and their
evaluation, Allied enterprises and their importance, Tools for determining production and
efficiencies in cropping and farming system; Sustainable agriculture-problems and its impact
on agriculture, indicators of sustainability, adaptation and mitigation, conservation agriculture
strategies in agriculture, HEIA, LEIA and LEISA and its techniques for sustainability,
Integrated farming system-historical background, objectives and characteristics, components of
IFS and its advantages, Site specific development of IFS model for different agro-climatic
zones, resource use efficiency and optimization techniques, Resource cycling and flow of
energy in different farming system, farming system and environment, Visit of IFS model in
different agro-climatic zones of nearby states University/ institutes and farmers field.
This document discusses seed production methods for radish. It begins by noting India's import of radish seeds and the requirements for certified radish seeds in India. It then discusses the following key points in 3 sentences:
1) Radish is a highly cross-pollinated crop in the cruciferous family that is pollinated mainly by honey bees. Selection of true-to-type roots and isolation distances of 1600m for foundation seed and 1000m for certified seed production are required.
2) There are two common methods for radish seed production - the seed-to-seed (in situ) method and the root-to-seed (transplanting) method, with the latter allowing for
Banana physiological disorders A Lecture By Allah Dad Khan To FFS TraineesMr.Allah Dad Khan
This document summarizes various physiological disorders and nutrient deficiencies that affect banana plants. It describes the symptoms of chilling injury, abrasions, and deficiencies of phosphorus, nitrogen, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, boron, copper, iron, and manganese. For each issue, it provides the symptoms plants will exhibit and recommended corrective measures such as fertilizer applications or foliar sprays to address nutrient deficiencies.
cultivation practices in Potato, true potato seed (TPS)and its commercial usageBrahmesh Reddy B R
the presentation gives in brief idea and in depth information on cultivation practices in the horticultural crop of potato and its production through true potato seed technique. the physiological disorders in potato and irradiation in potato are also been explained
Plant Propagation (Layering and grafting) Chapter for SEE NepalAnjan Nepal
Layering is a plant propagation method where roots form on aerial plant parts still attached to the parent plant. There are several types of layering including simple layering, compound layering, mound layering, air layering, and trench layering. In air layering, the bark is removed from a branch and wrapped in sphagnum moss to induce rooting. Once roots form, the new plant is separated from the parent. Grafting involves joining a scion wood cutting to a rootstock plant so they will grow together. Common grafting methods include whip grafting, cleft grafting, wedge grafting, and side grafting. Budding is a type of grafting where a single bud is inserted
This document provides information about pomegranate including its botanical description, introduction, anatomy, uses, nutritional value, climate and soil requirements, propagation methods, planting details, flowering and fruit development, pollination, essential cultural practices, harvesting, varieties, and some pests and diseases. It discusses pomegranate's origin in Iran and cultivation in India. Key points covered include common varieties like Ganesh, methods like hardwood cuttings for propagation, optimal planting distances and seasons, and flower initiation techniques like bahar treatment.
onion botanical description ,cultivation and physiological disorders.Arvind Yadav
This document provides information on the cultivation and physiological disorders of onions. It describes the botanical details of onions, including their scientific name and family. It also outlines optimal climate conditions for growth, soil requirements, common varieties, sowing times, spacing, nutrition, and expected yields. The key physiological disorders of bolting and sprouting are explained, along with their causes and recommended corrections.
Scope Of Vegetable Seed Production Under Protected Cultivation.pptxAnusha K R
Protected cultivation provides many-fold advantages over open field seed production of vegetables. The beauty of vegetable hybrid seed production under protected conditions is that it could be implemented at a micro or macro level depending upon the need, space, and seed crop requirements. This technology is highly productive, amenable to automation, conserves water, fertilizer, and land, and provides the required environment to overcome the biotic and abiotic stress and enhance yield as well as the quality of seeds. Protected cultivation offers a very congenial environment for producing healthy, virus-free, and genetically pure hybrid seed with higher seed yield per unit area.
- India is the 5th largest producer and contributes 7% of global oilseed production. It has the largest acreage of sesame, safflower, and castor in the world.
- National rankings for oilseed production are: 1) soybean, 2) rapeseed-mustard, 3) groundnut. India accounts for 11.12% of global rapeseed and mustard (R&M) production and 19.29% of the global acreage for R&M.
- Integrated nutrient management (INM) which combines organic, inorganic and biological sources can maintain soil fertility and increase R&M and oilseed production in India. INM improves yield, soil properties, nutrient uptake
This document discusses seed production principles for sorghum. It begins with an introduction to sorghum, describing its origins in Africa and uses. It then covers the floral biology of sorghum, including its self-pollinating nature. The majority of the document discusses agronomic principles for sorghum seed production, including selection of the seed plot and isolation distances, land preparation, variety selection, seed treatment, planting times and methods, weed control, pest and disease management, fertilization, irrigation, harvesting, drying, and storage.
1. The document describes the trench method planting technique for sugarcane that can increase productivity. It involves making trenches, placing fertilizer and two rows of sugarcane sets in each trench.
2. Field demonstrations using this technique along with site-specific nutrient management in Uttar Pradesh led to improved germination from 38% to 64% and increased average yields from 675 quintals/hectare to 1000 quintals/hectare, doubling district productivity.
3. Variety CO 0238 is highlighted as a promising early variety for the Northwestern zone of India that has achieved the highest ever sugar recovery recorded in subtropical India.
This document discusses the yield of sunnhemp. Sunnhemp has a fibre content of 2-4% of the green stem weight and 8-12% of the dry weight. With improved irrigation and agricultural practices, it is possible to yield 0.8-1.0 tonnes of fibre per hectare from sunnhemp. The document was submitted by Bhanuprakash N to Dr. S.K. Thakral, a professor in the Department of Agronomy.
1) India has a population of over 1.2 billion people as of the 2011 census, with over 800 million living in rural areas and over 260 million working in agriculture.
2) Fertilizer production and consumption in India is significant, with over 15 million tonnes produced and over 25 million tonnes consumed annually to support agriculture and food production.
3) However, fertilizer use efficiency is relatively low in India, at 30-50% for nitrogen and 15-20% for phosphorus, due to issues like soil nutrient imbalances, lack of awareness on balanced nutrition, and poor crop management practices.
Potatoes originated in Peru but are now widely grown globally. India is the second largest producer of potatoes in the world. Potato varieties grown in India include Kufri Jyoti, Kufri Chandramukhi, and Kufri Chamatkar. Potatoes prefer cool temperatures between 15-25°C and well-drained soils. Production involves land preparation, planting seed potatoes in ridges or beds, applying fertilizers, irrigation, weed control, and protecting against diseases like early and late blight. Breeding methods aim to develop higher yielding, stress resistant varieties.
3. परिचय
बहुिर्षे तिकािी
नेपालमा समुद्र सतहदेखख १८००
मम सम्म लगाउन सककने
पौष्टटक तथा सुपाच्य तिकािी
भएकाले वििामी तथा कमजोि
ब्यष्ततका लाधग िाम्रो
च्यिनप्रासको मुख्य भाग
शहिी क्षेत्रमा विमभन्न परिकािमा
ममसाइ उपभोग गरिने
क
ु रिलोको टुसा (Spear) खान
योग्य भाग
काठमाण्डौ, भततपुि,
लमलतपुि,काभ्रे, मसन्िुपाल्चोक,
िाददिंग,मोििंग ि सुनसिीमा
व्यिसाययक रुपमा यसको खेती
भएको
4. परिचय/ महत्ि
आधथिक महत्ि -७०० देखख
९०० रुपैया यसको होलसेल
मुल्य भएको
दैयनक २००० क
े ष्ज देखख
२५०० क
े जी क
ु रिलो को
काठमाण्डौमा माग भएको
प्रयत िोपनीबाट ८०-९० हजाि
सम्म आम्दानी गनि सककने
5. परिचय/ महत्ि..........
पौष्टटक महत्ि-
धचल्लोपदाथि विदहन,
सोडडयम तत्ि िदहत
,शष्ततदायकऽमभटाममन ए ि
सी पाइने हुदा सबैका लाधग
उत्तम भोजन
अन्तिाटरीय रुपमा
तिकािीको िाजा
तयान्सि कलेजो तथा
िगतका िोगीहरुका लाधग
और्षिीका रुपमा प्रयोग हुने
च्यिनप्रासको मुख्य भाग
6. बानस्पयतक विििण
मलमलएसी परििािमा पने
बहुबर्षे तिकािी एस्पािागस
अकिमसनेल्स बैज्ञायनक नाम
भाले ि पोथी बोट अलग
अलग हुने
क्राउन (जममनमुनीको
भागमा निम ि धचल्लो
जिा)को विकास जममन
मुयन हुने
सोदह क्राउनबाट एक
प्रकािको डािंठको विकास भइ
स्पेयि यनस्कने जसलाइ
टुसा को रुपमा खाइने
7. टुसा Spear
स्पेयि िा टुसा खान
योग्यभाग
कमललो मोटो तथा कम
िेशादाि टुसा बजािका लाधग
िाम्रो
8. बोटको विकास
टुसा ४-५ किट अग्लो सम्म
बढ्छ
समयमा टुसा दटप्ने
हागामा पयन अन्तिगािंठाको
विकास भइ दोश्रो चिणका
हािंगा िन्ने ि पयछ िनि को
रुपमा बबकास हुने
9. ि
ू ल ि िल
घष्न्ट आकािका सेता ि
ू ल
िल तथा बीउ पोथी बोटमा
मात्र लाग्ने
िल पाक
े पयछ िाता हुने
िलले खाद्यतत्ि मलनेहुदा
िल लाग्न नददने
10. हािापानी (Climate)
न्यानो तथा सममशतोटण हािापानीमा खेती िाम्रो हुने
और्षत तापक्रम १५-१८ डड से मा खेती गनि सककने
विरुिाको बृद्धि विकासका लाधग ३-५ मदहना सम्म सुर्षुप्त
अिस्थामा िहनु आिश्यक हुने
11. जातहरु
नेपालमा प्रचमलत क
ु रिलोका जातहरु
क- खुल्ला सेधचत जातहरु
१-मेरि िामसिंगटन- स्िाद ममठो, टुसा सानो हुने, टुसा
पलाउने अन्तिाल बदि हुने
२- अमेरिकन जसी- ठू लो टुसा १०० ग्राम सम्मको टुसा
पलाउने , टुसा पलाउने अन्तिाल कम हुने
ख- हाइबिड जातहरु
जापानी एस्सल,तयामलिोयनिया ६६, तयामलिोयनिया ७११,
तयामलिोयनिया ५०० , अमेरिकन हाइबिडमा जमसि ककिं ग,
जसी सुवप्रम, जसी जेम,जसी नाइट आदद
14. नसििी व्यिस्थापन
बेनाि तयाि गरि बबरुिा लगाइने
तुर्षािो नपने तिाइजस्तो स्थानमा माघ मदहना मभत्र नसििी िाख्ने
तयािी गनुिपने
िागुन देखख चैत्रको दोश्रोहप्ता सम्म बीउ िाख्न सककने
बेनाि उत्पादन हुन १.५ देखख २ मदहना लाग्छ
असािमा बेनाि िोप्नु िाम्रो मायनन्छ
बेनाि िोप्न असोज सम्म िोप्न सककने
नसििीका लाधग १ भाग माटो, १ भाग बालुिा,१ भाग गोबिमल,
ममलाइ बुबुििाउदो बनाउने
१ मम चौडाइ आिश्यकतानुसाि लम्िाइ ि १५-३० से मम उठेको
नसििी व्याड बनाउने
15. नसििी व्यिस्थापन ...........
२०-२५ सेमम को ििकमा हल्का लाइन कोने ि सोदह
लाइनमा १० से मम को ििकमा २-३ से मम गदहिाईमा पने
गरि बीउ पने गरि माटोले पुने
छापो ददने ि हल्का रुपमा यनयममत पानी ददने
बीउ छिेको २-३ हप्तापछी तिाइमा तथा ४-५ हप्ता
पहाडमा बीउबाट बबरुिा मसयोजस्तो रुपमा माटोबाट
यनस्कने
16. माटो तथा जग्गाको छनौट
प्रशस्त प्रािंगारिक मल भएको
ममललो ,गदहिो , खुक
ु लो माटो, हल्का बलौटे दोमट
प्रकािको माटो यसका लाधग िाम्रो हुने
पारिलो जममन हुनुपने
माटोको वप यच ६.५ देखख ७.५
मसिंचाइ तथा यनकासको िाम्रो व्यिस्था भएको
१८०० मम सम्मको उचाइ सम्म खेती गनि सककने
17. जममनको तयािी
बुबुििाउदो सिंग पाक
े को कम्पोटट िा गोठेमल
१ िगिकिट खाडलमा क
ु रिलो िोप्ने
लाइनको दुरि ९०-१०० से मम ि बोटको दुरि ५० -६० से मम
२५०-३५० ग्राम/हे बीउ आिश्यक पने
18. बाली हेिचाह तथा व्यिस्थापन
गोडमेल तथा झािपात यनयन्त्रण ,मसिंचाइ तथा मलखाद
व्यिस्थापन गनि जरुरि
३-४ इन्च भन्दा बदि गदहिो खन्नाले जिालाइ नोतसानी
हुने
हल्का खनजोत गरि झािपात हटाउने
हाल क
ु रिलोलाइ मष्ल्चिंग गरि िोप्न सककने
मिंमसिमा पात ओइलाएपयछ सतहबाट ५ से मम माधथबाट
कादटददने
मलखादको हकमा बेनाि िोप्नेबेला १५०० क
े ष्ज, िा /िोपनी
प्रयत खाडल ३ क
े जी ि थपमलको हकमा क
ु खुिाको सुली
वपना तथा ५ ग्राम युरिया प्रयत खाडल प्रयोग गने
19. मसिंचाइ
माटोको अिस्था अनुसाि मसिंचाइ मात्रा ििक पने
बाली िोपेदेखख िागुन चैत्र बैशाख तथा बर्षाि नहुदा सम्म
20. बाली मलने अिस्था ि उत्पादन
िोपेको २ बर्षि पयछ यसको व्यिसाययक उत्पादन शुरु हुने
िाम्रो व्यिस्थापन भए १५-२० बर्षि उत्पादन ददने
बेनाि सानाि साथ टुसा पलाउने
क्राउनको बबकासका लाधग शुरुमा पलाएका टुसा नदटप्ने
७-१० इन्चका टुसा भािंचेि िा तानेि माटो मुयनको सेतो
भाग १-१.५ इन्च सदहत दटप्ने
कमलो सेतो ि मोटा टुसा बजािका लाधग िाम्रो
उत्पादन चैत्र देखख असोजसम्म मलन सककने
उत्पादन सामान्य जात २००-५०० क
े जी तथा बणिशिंकिबाट
७००-८०० क
े जी /िोपनी उत्पादन मलन सककने
22. ओइलाउने रोग लक्षण
फ्युजारियम िुसी बाट लाग्ने
/माटोबाट सने
लक्षण- विरुिा खैिो ,ििंग उडेको
जस्तो भइ पयछ ओइलाउने
यनदान- सिंक्रममत क्षेत्रमा
क
ु रिलो नलगाउने
बेनाि सािेको १ मदहना पयछ
कपिअष्तसतलोिाइड िा
पोमलिाम िा बेमभष्स्टन २ ग्राम
/मल पानीको ममश्रण बनाइ
छने
टुसा आएको बेला बबर्षादद
प्रयोग नगने
िोग ......