いともたやすく行われるえげつない研究行為
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2021年9月4日 日本認知科学会第38回大会 企画シンポジウム 『認知科学の研究・実践の DX』 において発表したスライドです。えげつなくはないです。
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いともたやすく行われるえげつない研究行為
- 15. などなどの変化を踏まえまして
- 18. 差出人: Fernando Marmolejo Ramos fernando.marmolejoramos@adelaide.edu.au 件名: contact... 日付: 2009年10月5日 19:17 宛先: yy@psycho.hes.kyushu-u.ac.jp Dear Dr. Yamada I came across your website when looking for some information about emotions. It happens that emotions is a topic among my research interests. I'd be nice to keep in touch to organise future work. Please check my website for further information Cheers ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /|| ____ : || ,'`._ `. Fernando Marmolejo-Ramos PhD student | || ()() `. : School of Psychology ,.| || /_ _); Faculty of Health Sciences ||,| || _,-. )_ (/ University of Adelaide || | || ,-' _ `-. ( Adelaide, SA 5005 「俺は感情研究が好きだ。 将来的に何かやろうぜ。詳しくは俺のHP見てみろよ」 のみ 一発目メール フェルナンド
- 20. Appraisal of Space Words and Allocation of Emotion Words in Bodily Space Fernando Marmolejo-Ramos1 *, Marı́a Rosa Elosúa2 , Yuki Yamada3 , Nicholas Francis Hamm1 , Kimihiro Noguchi4 1 School of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia, 2 Department of Psychology, National University of Distance Education, Madrid, Spain, 3 Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan, 4 Department of Statistics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America Abstract The body-specificity hypothesis (BSH) predicts that right-handers and left-handers allocate positive and negative concepts differently on the horizontal plane, i.e., while left-handers allocate negative concepts on the right-hand side of their bodily space, right-handers allocate such concepts to the left-hand side. Similar research shows that people, in general, tend to allocate positive and negative concepts in upper and lower areas, respectively, in relation to the vertical plane. Further research shows a higher salience of the vertical plane over the horizontal plane in the performance of sensorimotor tasks. The aim of the paper is to examine whether there should be a dominance of the vertical plane over the horizontal plane, not only at a sensorimotor level but also at a conceptual level. In Experiment 1, various participants from diverse linguistic backgrounds were asked to rate the words ‘‘up’’, ‘‘down’’, ‘‘left’’, and ‘‘right’’. In Experiment 2, right-handed participants from two linguistic backgrounds were asked to allocate emotion words into a square grid divided into four boxes of equal areas. Results suggest that the vertical plane is more salient than the horizontal plane regarding the allocation of emotion words and positively-valenced words were placed in upper locations whereas negatively-valenced words were placed in lower locations. Together, the results lend support to the BSH while also suggesting a higher saliency of the vertical plane over the horizontal plane in the allocation of valenced words. Citation: Marmolejo-Ramos F, Elosúa MR, Yamada Y, Hamm NF, Noguchi K (2013) Appraisal of Space Words and Allocation of Emotion Words in Bodily Space. PLoS ONE 8(12): e81688. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0081688 Editor: Alessio Avenanti, University of Bologna, Italy Received November 8, 2012; Accepted October 25, 2013; Published December 11, 2013 Copyright: ! 2013 Marmolejo-Ramos et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: Marı́a Rosa Elosúa was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science BSO2003- 02103, SEJ2004-07398/PSIC, PSI2008-00754/PSIC, and CONSOLIDER-INGENIO 2010 CSD2008-00048. Yuki Yamada was supported by the Japan Society for Promotion of Science. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. * E-mail: fernando.marmolejoramos@adelaide.edu.au Introduction Various studies from embodied cognition theory suggest that the comprehension of concrete concepts entails the activation of sensorimotor systems (e.g, [1–4]). For instance, a phenomenon called the action-sentence compatibility effect (ACE) demonstrates the influence of language on motor actions. Under the ACE paradigm, participants are faster at deploying motor responses to sentences describing the same action than to sentences describing an antagonist action [5]. The influence of motor processes on language comprehension has also been documented. It has been shown that lexical decision responses to words referring to manipulable objects are more accurate when a motor movement is being performed than when no movement is performed [6]. Other evidence indicates that the comprehension of abstract concepts, like emotion words, also calls for the activation for sensorimotor systems [7–8]. Wilson and Gibbs [9] showed that performing actual and even imagined body actions, facilitates the comprehension of metaphoric sentences. Ulrich and Maienborn [10] demonstrated that the concepts of ‘‘past’’ and ‘‘future’’ are facilitated when leftward and rightward movements, respectively, are performed. Finally, findings from neurosciences [11–12] indicate that the processing of metaphorical sentences activates brain areas related to action planning; however as sentences become more abstract (i.e., literal R metaphoric R abstract), the recruitment of sensorimotor areas tends to diminish [13]. The evidence reviewed thus strongly suggests that sensorimotor systems are likely to be activated during the processing of both concrete and abstract concepts. However, such a claim has been challenged, particularly, from research in neurosciences. For instance, Mahon and Caramazza [12] propose that apraxic subjects cannot perform actions associated with objects, but they are capable of naming them and recognising pantomimes associated with those objects. A radical embodiment theory would predict that impairment in motor processes would affect recogni- tion or the naming of objects, but this is not the case in apraxic subjects in which object recognition and recognition of object- related actions remain unharmed (see also [11]). This sort of evidence indicates that other processes might occur when complete embodiment does not occur. As some recent evidence indicates, it is possible to conceive that sensorimotor representa- tions can be encoded in linguistic forms that serve as a ‘‘symbolic bypass’’ to index embodiment (see [14–17]). This re-appraisal of the embodiment theory has led to the proposal of a graded-embodiment view in which the emphasis is on determining levels of embodiment rather than in determining whether embodiment occurs or not [13,18–20]. It could then be PLOS ONE | www.plosone.org 1 December 2013 | Volume 8 | Issue 12 | e81688 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Placing joy, surprise and sadness in space: a cross-linguistic study Fernando Marmolejo-Ramos1 • Juan C. Correa2 • Gopal Sakarkar3 • Giang Ngo4 • Susana Ruiz-Fernández5 • Natalie Butcher6 • Yuki Yamada7 Received: 23 February 2016 / Accepted: 5 July 2016 / Published online: 18 July 2016 ! The Author(s) 2016. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract The valence–space metaphor posits that emotion concepts map onto vertical space such that positive con- cepts are in upper locations and negative in lower loca- tions. Whilst previous studies have demonstrated this pattern for positive and negative emotions e.g. ‘joy’ and ‘sadness’, the spatial location of neutral emotions, e.g. ‘surprise’, has not been investigated, and little is known about the effect of linguistic background. In this study, we first characterised the emotions joy, surprise and sadness via ratings of their concreteness, imageability, context availability and valence before examining the allocation of these emotions in vertical space. Participants from six linguistic groups completed either a rating task used to characterise the emotions or a word allocation task to implicitly assess where these emotions are positioned in vertical space. Our findings suggest that, across languages, gender, handedness, and ages, positive emotions are loca- ted in upper spatial locations and negative emotions in lower spatial locations. In addition, we found that the neutral emotional valence of surprise is reflected in this emotion being mapped mid-way between upper and lower locations onto the vertical plane. This novel finding indi- cates that the location of a concept on the vertical plane mimics the concept’s degree of emotional valence. Introduction Interdisciplinary evidence from robotics (Marocco, Can- gelosi, Fischer, & Belpaeme, 2010), neuroscience (Hauk, & Pulvermüller, 2011) and cognitive psychology (Bekkering, & Neggers, 2002) support the so-called theory of embodied cognition (Barsalou, 2008). This theory argues that the processing of concepts is associated with the activation of perceptual and motor systems (see Barsalou, 2008; Binder, & Desai, 2011), and such an association is bidirectional, i.e. the activation of sensori- motor systems affects conceptual processing (e.g. see experiments in Rueschemeyer, Lindemann, van Rooj, van Dam, & Bekkering, 2010), and the activation of concepts affects sensorimotor systems (e.g. see experiment in & Fernando Marmolejo-Ramos fernando.marmolejo.ramos@psychology.su.se; http://sites.google.com/site/fernandomarmolejoramos/ 1 Gösta Ekman Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Frescati Hagväg 9A, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden 2 Fundación Universitaria Konrad Lorenz, Bogotá, Colombia 3 Department of Computer Applications, G.H. Raisoni College of Engineering, Nagpur, India 4 School of Education, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia 5 Leibniz Knowledge Media Research Center, Tübingen, Germany 6 School of Social Sciences, Business and Law, Teesside Psychological Research (2017) 81:750–763 DOI 10.1007/s00426-016-0787-9 Yonemitsu et al. BMC Res Notes (2017) 10:362 DOI 10.1186/s13104-017-2699-1 RESEARCH NOTE Does weight lifting improve visual acuity? A replication of Gonzalo-Fonrodona and Porras (2013) Fumiya Yonemitsu1* , Yubin Sung1 , Kyoko Naka1 , Yuki Yamada2 and Fernando Marmolejo-Ramos3 Abstract Objective: A physical effort such as lifting up a weight affects our perception and cognition. A previous study reported in two experiments that weight lifting improves visual acuity. In the previous study, participants’visual acuity was higher while lifting weights than while resting. Moreover, via a case study, that study further showed that the heavier the weight, the better the visual acuity. These experiments, although interesting, lacked methodological details and thorough statistical analyses. We thus conducted experiments similar to these two previous ones that miti- gated these issues. Results: Although our results of Experiment 1 echoed those of the previous study, the results of Experiment 2 did not support the latter case report. Thus, our results suggest that the bodily experience of weights improves visual acu- ity, but a gradual increase in weight does not seem to lead to a gradual increase in visual acuity. Keywords: Embodied cognition, Neuroscience, Cross-modality Introduction Embodiment researchers have repeatedly shown that our bodily experience of weights influences judgment, deci- sion making and perception [1–4]. These studies suggest that sensorimotor cues are used for adaptive behavior, cognition and perception. Interestingly, a recent study examined whether bodily experience of weight was involved with visual acuity [5]. In the previous study, two experiments were conducted. Their Experiment 1 measured the visual acuity of 10 par- ticipants while they held weights in their hands (28 kg for males and 18 kg for females) and while they were resting without weights. The results showed that visual acuity These results suggest that static muscular effort improves visual acuity. Based on these findings the authors argue that, as suggested in clinical reports by Gonzalo [6, 7], basic biological scaling power laws go hand in hand with a mass activation of the neural network. However, the study by Gonzalo-Fonrodona and Por- ras [5] has some methodological issues that need to be addressed. Firstly, no statistical analysis was performed, so the validity of the evidence was not ensured. Sec- ondly, the authors themselves participated in the experi- ment. Thus, a kind of expectancy effect or a response bias may have contaminated the results of the previous study. Finally, the sample size of the previous study was Open Access BMC Research Notes CONCEPTUAL ANALYSIS published: 15 May 2018 doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00699 Edited by: Laura Badenes-Ribera, Universitat de València, Spain Reviewed by: Thomas J. Faulkenberry, Tarleton State University, United States Rink Hoekstra, University of Groningen, Netherlands *Correspondence: Manipulating the Alpha Level Cannot Cure Significance Testing David Trafimow1 *, Valentin Amrhein2,3 *, Corson N. Areshenkoff4 , Carlos J. Barrera-Causil5 , Eric J. Beh6 , Yusuf K. Bilgiç7 , Roser Bono8,9 , Michael T. Bradley10 , William M. Briggs11 , Héctor A. Cepeda-Freyre12 , Sergio E. Chaigneau13 , Daniel R. Ciocca14 , Juan C. Correa15 , Denis Cousineau16 , Michiel R. de Boer17 , Subhra S. Dhar18 , Igor Dolgov1 , Juana Gómez-Benito8,9 , Marian Grendar19,20 , James W. Grice21 , Martin E. Guerrero-Gimenez14 , Andrés Gutiérrez22 , Tania B. Huedo-Medina23 , Klaus Jaffe24 , Armina Janyan25,26 , Ali Karimnezhad27 , Fränzi Korner-Nievergelt3,28 , Koji Kosugi29 , Martin Lachmair30 , Rubén D. Ledesma31,32 , Roberto Limongi33,34 , Marco T. Liuzza35 , Rosaria Lombardo36 , Michael J. Marks1 , Gunther Meinlschmidt37,38,39 , Ladislas Nalborczyk40,41 , Hung T. Nguyen42 , Raydonal Ospina43 , Jose D. Perezgonzalez44 , Roland Pfister45 , Juan J. Rahona30 , David A. Rodríguez-Medina46 , Xavier Romão47 , Susana Ruiz-Fernández30,48,49 , Isabel Suarez50 , Marion Tegethoff51 , Mauricio Tejo52 , Rens van de Schoot53,54 , Ivan I. Vankov25 , Santiago Velasco-Forero55 , Tonghui Wang56 , Yuki Yamada57 , Felipe C. M. Zoppino14 and Fernando Marmolejo-Ramos58 * 1 Department of Psychology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States, 2 Zoological Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland, 3 Swiss Ornithological Institute, Sempach, Switzerland, 4 Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queens University, Kingston, ON, Canada, 5 Faculty of Applied and Exact Sciences, Metropolitan Technological Institute, Medellín, Colombia, 6 School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia, 7 Department of Mathematics, State University of New York at Geneseo, Geneseo, journal of cognition Yoshimura, N., et al. 2019 Task Difficulty Modulates the Disrupting Effects of Oral Respiration on Visual Search Performance. Journal of Cognition, RESEARCH ARTICLE Task Difficulty Modulates the Disrupting Effects of Oral Respiration on Visual Search Performance Naoto Yoshimura1,2 , Fumiya Yonemitsu1,2 , Fernando Marmolejo-Ramos3 , Atsunori Ariga4 and Yuki Yamada5 1 Graduate School of Human-Environment Studies, Kyushu University, JP 2 Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, JP Center for Change and Complexity in Learning, University of South Australia, AU 5 Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, JP Corresponding author: Naoto Yoshimura (yoshimuranot1216@gmail.com) Previous research has suggested that oral respiration may disturb cognitive function and health. The present study investigated whether oral respiration negatively affects visual attentional processing during a visual search task. Participants performed a visual search task in the follow- ing three breathing conditions: wearing a nasal plug, wearing surgical tape over their mouths, or no modification (oral vs. nasal vs. control). The participants searched for a target stimulus within different set sizes of distractors in three search conditions (orientation vs colour vs conjunction). Experiment 1 did not show any effect due to respiration. Experiment 2 rigorously manipulated the search efficiency and found that participants required more time to find a poorly discriminable target during oral breathing compared with other breathing styles, which was due to the heightened intercept under this condition. Because the intercept is an index of pre-search sensory processing or motor response in visual search, such cognitive processing was likely disrupted by oral respiration. These results suggest that oral respiration and attentional processing during inefficient visual search share a common cognitive resource. Keywords: Attention; Visual search; Action Introduction Humans breathe consciously or unconsciously, inhaling oxygen through the mouth or nose. Neither breath- ing style is problematic if the purpose of breathing is only to inhale oxygen. Nevertheless, humans typically breathe through the nose. Many studies have reported that oral respiration styles, such as sleep-disordered breathing, have various long-term negative effects on human health (Pevernagie, De Meyer, & Claeys, 2005; Saint Martin, Sforza, Roche, Barthélémy, & Thomas-Anterion, 2015; Young, Finn, & Kim, 1997). Other studies have suggested that chronic oral respiration negatively impacts the academic performance of children and facial development (Jefferson, 2010; Kuroishi, Garcia, Valera, Anselmo-Lima, & Fukuda, 2015). Moreover, recent studies have reported that breathing rate and phase manipulation influences cognitive function. For example, slow breathing reduced pain intensity and negative emotions (Arch & Craske, 2006; Zautra, Fasman, Davis, & Craig, 2010). Moreover, breathing phases modulate fear discrimination and mem- ory retrieval (Nakamura, Fukunaga, & Oku, 2018; Zelano et al., 2016). Furthermore, brain activation studies have investigated whether oral and nasal respiration influence brain function. A study using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) suggested that oral respiration increased the oxygen load in the prefrontal cortex (Sano, Sano, Oka, Yoshino, & Kato, 2013). Given this finding, it is plausible to assume that short-term breathing manipulation affects cognitive function. Although various studies have examined the long-term effects of breathing on human performance, few studies have examined its short-term effects. Individuals with rhinitis must engage in cognitive activities, such as visual attentional tasks during driving, while their choice of breathing style is temporarily restricted. Therefore, it is important to investigate what happens in this situation. Visual attention is an essential Research Article Your Face and Moves Seem Happier When I Smile Facial Action Influences the Perception of Emotional Faces and Biological Motion Stimuli Fernando Marmolejo-Ramos1 , Aiko Murata2 , Kyoshiro Sasaki3,4,5 , Yuki Yamada4 , Ayumi Ikeda6 , José A. Hinojosa7,8,9 , Katsumi Watanabe3,10 , Michal Parzuchowski11 , Carlos Tirado12 , and Raydonal Ospina13 1 Centre for Change and Complexity in Learning, The University of South Australia, Australia 2 NTT Communication Science Laboratories, Kyoto, Japan 3 Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan 4 Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan 5 Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan 6 Graduate School of Human-Environment Studies, Kyushu University, Japan 7 Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain 8 Dpto. Psicologı́a Experimental, Procesos Cognitivos y Logopedia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain 9 Facultad de Lenguas y Educación, Universidad de Nebrija, Madrid, Spain 10 Art & Design, University of New South Wales, Australia 11 Centre of Research on Cognition and Behaviour, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Sopot, Poland 12 Gösta Ekman Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Sweden 13 Departamento de Estatı́stica, CAST Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Brazil Abstract. In this experiment, we replicated the effect of muscle engagement on perception such that the recognition of another’s facial expressions was biased by the observer’s facial muscular activity (Blaesi & Wilson, 2010). We extended this replication to show that such a modulatory effect is also observed for the recognition of dynamic bodily expressions. Via a multilab and within-subjects approach, we in- vestigated the emotion recognition of point-light biological walkers, along with that of morphed face stimuli, while subjects were or were not holding a pen in their teeth. Under the “pen-in-the-teeth” condition, participants tended to lower their threshold of perception of happy expressions in facial stimuli compared to the “no-pen” condition, thus replicating the experiment by Blaesi and Wilson (2010). A similar effect was found for the biological motion stimuli such that participants lowered their threshold to perceive happy walkers in the pen-in-the-teeth condition compared to the no-pen condition. This pattern of results was also found in a second experiment in which the no-pen condition was replaced by a situation in which participants held a pen in their lips (“pen-in-lips” condition). These results suggested that facial muscular activity alters the recognition of not only facial expressions but also bodily expressions. Keywords: face, emotions, biological motion, mirror neurons, embodied cognition The two-way relationship between action and perception has demonstrated that perception affects motor actions (e.g., Salgado-Montejo et al., 2016) and that motor actions affect perception (e.g., Bach-Y-Rita, Collins, Saunders, White, & Scadden, 1969; Gonzalo-Fonrodona & Porras, 2013; Yonemitsu, Sung, Naka, Yamada, & Marmolejo- Ramos, 2017). Thus, a crossmodal correspondence seems to exist between perception and action. This is a central tenet of embodied cognition. It took a century for the theory of emotions of James (1890) to be supported by evidence from neuroscience re- garding the bodily feedback hypothesis. The James–Lange theory of emotion suggested that emotions could be either https://econtent.hogrefe.com/doi/pdf/10.1027/1618-3169/a000470 - Sunday, August 29, 2021 6:51:45 PM - IP Address:119.170.96.197 1 A multi-lab test of the facial feedback hypothesis by The Many Smiles Collaboration Accepted in-principle at Nature Human Behaviour Corresponding author: Nicholas A. Coles (ncoles@hks.harvard.edu), Harvard Kennedy School, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States of America *Nicholas Coles1 , David March2 , Fernando Marmolejo Ramos3 , Arinze Nwadiogo4 , Izuchukwu Ndukaihe4 5 , Balazs Aczel6 , Nandor Hajdu6 , Tamas Nagy6 , Bidisha Som7 , Dana Basnight-Brown8 , Danilo Zambrano9 , Lady Grey Javela9 , Francesco Foroni10 , Megan Willis10 , Gerit Pfuhl11 , Gwenael Kaminski12, 13 , Tracy Ehrengarth12 , Hans IJzerman14 , Kevin Vezirian14 , Hassan Banaruee15 , Omid Kathin-Zadeh15 , Isabel Suarez16 , Jeff T. Larsen17 ,José Antonio Hinojosa Poveda18 , Pedro Montoro18 , Krystian Barzykowski19 , Katarzyna Filip19 , Sylwia Adamus19 , Michal Parzuchowski20 , Aneta Marczak20 , Michalina Tanska20 , Natalia REGISTERED REPORTS Age of smile: a cross-cultural replication report of Ganel and Goodale (2018) Naoto Yoshimura . Koichi Morimoto . Mariko Murai . Yusaku Kihara . Fernando Marmolejo-Ramos . Veit Kubik . Yuki Yamada J Cult Cogn Sci (2021) 5:1–15 https://doi.org/10.1007/s41809-020-00072-3(0123456789().,-volV) ( 01234567 89().,-volV)
- 23. メガコラボ関係 改めて挙げてみるといろいろ参加していることに気づきま した。気づいてちょっと恐ろしいです。 - COVIDiSTRESS - COVIDiSTRESS II - Crowdsourced Replication Initiative - CREP - FORRT - KaiさんのGlobal Replication of Temporal Discounting - KekecsさんのBemの追試のやつ - Many Smiles project - ManyBabies - MartaさんのLove系マルチラボ - NandorさんのNonadherence to confinement during pandemics - Psychological Science Accelerator - SCORE - SIPSのOpen Science Cross-Cultural - Van BavelさんのCOVID19: Social and Moral Psychology - WillemさんのDissonance RRR
- 24. Psychological Science Accelerator ・82カ国，1200人以上の有志でマルチラボ。 ・並行していくつかのプロジェクトがそれぞれ良好に進んでおり，山田は4つに参加。 ・1つ(PSACR002)は刊行済み（Wang et al., 2021）
- 25. REGISTERED REPORT https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-021-01173-x A multi-country test of brief reappraisal interventions on emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic The COVID-19 pandemic has increased negative emotions and decreased positive emotions globally. Left unchecked, these emotional changes might have a wide array of adverse impacts. To reduce negative emotions and increase positive emotions, we tested the effectiveness of reappraisal, an emotion-regulation strategy that modifies how one thinks about a situation. Participants from 87 countries and regions (n!=!21,644) were randomly assigned to one of two brief reappraisal interventions (reconstrual or repurposing) or one of two control conditions (active or passive). Results revealed that both reappraisal interventions (vesus both control conditions) consistently reduced negative emotions and increased positive emotions across different measures. Reconstrual and repurposing interventions had similar effects. Importantly, planned exploratory analyses indicated that reappraisal interventions did not reduce intentions to practice preventive health behaviours. The findings demonstrate the viability of creating scalable, low-cost interventions for use around the world. Protocol registration The stage 1 protocol for this Registered Report was accepted in principle on 12 May 2020. The protocol, as accepted by the journal, can be found at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.4878591.v1 T he COVID-19 pandemic is increasing negative emotions and decreasing positive emotions around the globe1–10 . Con- currently, individuals are reporting that COVID-19 is having a negative impact on their psychological functioning and mental health4,11,12 . For example, individuals report sleeping less, consum- ing more alcohol or other drugs or substances, having trouble concentrating because their mind is occupied by COVID-19, and having more fights with their partner or loved ones, some escalating to domestic violence1,9,13 . These disturbing trends are caused partly by heightened levels of negative emotion and diminished levels of positive emotion, which have been found to contribute to a number of negative psychological, behavioural and health consequences. These include increased risk of anxiety and depressive disorders as well as other forms of psychopathology14 ; impaired social connections15 ; increased substance use16–18 ; compromised immune system functioning19–21 ; short term, reappraisal leads to decreased reports of negative emo- tion and increased reports of positive emotion40–42 , as well as cor- responding changes both in peripheral physiological responses43–45 and central physiological responses46–53 . Over the longer term, reap- praisal is associated with stronger social connections54 ; higher aca- demic achievement55,56 ; enhanced psychological well-being57 ; fewer psychopathological symptoms58,59 ; better cardiovascular health60,61 , and greater resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic62 . Despite these shorter-term and longer-term benefits, most people do not reappraise consistently63,64 , which has motivated efforts to teach people to use reappraisal (reviewed in refs. 65,66 ). For example, in the context of anxiety, reappraisal training led to reduced intrusive memories67 and increased emotion-regulation self-efficacy68,69 . Reappraisal training also led to long-lasting changes in the neural representation of unpleasant events70 . Although demand characteristics are always a concern when
- 30. www.nature.com/scientificdata COVIDiSTRESSGlobal Survey dataset on psychological and behavioural consequences of the Yamada ,TaoColl-Martín , Stéphane Debove , GuillaumeGautreau , Hyemin Han , Jesper Rasmussen ,Thao P.Tran , GiovanniA.Travaglino ,COVIDiSTRESSGlobal SurveyConsortium* &Andreas Lieberoth This N= of psychological and behavioural responses to theCoronavirus pandemic and associated government DATA DESCRIPTOR OPEN 極めてめんどくさかったです
- 36. royalsocietypublishing.org/journal/rsos Registered report Cite this article: Yonemitsu F, Ikeda A, Yoshimura N, Takashima K, Mori Y, Sasaki K, Qian K, Yamada Y. 2020 Warning ‘Don’t spread’ versus ‘Don’t be a spreader’ to prevent the COVID-19 pandemic. R. Soc. Open Sci. 7: 200793. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.200793 Received: 7 May 2020 Accepted: 16 September 2020 Subject Category: Psychology and cognitive neuroscience Warning ‘Don’t spread’ versus ‘Don’t be a spreader’ to prevent the COVID-19 pandemic Fumiya Yonemitsu1,4, Ayumi Ikeda1,4, Naoto Yoshimura1,4, Kaito Takashima1, Yuki Mori1, Kyoshiro Sasaki5, Kun Qian2 and Yuki Yamada3 1 Graduate School of Human-Environment Studies, 2 Institute of Decision Science for a Sustainable Society, and 3 Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan 4 Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan 5 Faculty of Informatics, Kansai University, Osaka, Japan FY, 0000-0001-8774-4499; AI, 0000-0002-1688-2875; NY, 0000-0002-2656-4432; KS, 0000-0002-5496-3748; KQ, 0000-0002-0625-1834; YY, 0000-0003-1431-568X The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak isthreatening not only health but also life worldwide. It is important to encourage citizens to voluntarily practise infection-prevention (IP) behaviours such as social distancing and self-restraint. lsocietypublishing.org/ on 03 September 2021 色んな意味で特にしんどかったやつ
- 37. 20 年 4 月 21 日 ： 拡散者レジレポプロジェクト開始。 4 月から入ったばかりの森さんと高嶋さんが一瞬で馴染む。 20 年 4 月 21 日：米氏，NHB に拡散者レジレポプロジェクトのプレサブを送信。翌日リジェクティポ。佐々木 暴言。 20 年 4 月 23 日：米氏，RSOS に拡散者レジレポプロジェクトのプレサブを送信。結果は良好。 20 年 4 月 24 日：平時 PVD データをオープンにするためにそのデータを取ってたけど既に卒業した徐さんを招 集。 20 年 4 月 26 日：山田，F1000Research に徐さんの PVD を投稿。 20 年 5 月 5 日：米氏，RSOS に拡散者レジレポプロジェクトの第 1 段階原稿を投稿。 20 年 5 月 6 日：F1000Research に徐さんの PVD が掲載。 20 年 5 月 13 日 ： 米氏， RSOS の拡散者レジレポプロジェクトの査読結果を受け取る。 なんとか生き残るものの， 査読者 5 人，一人ひとりがコメント極大量。佐々木氏等，大勢が暴言。 20 年 5 月 27 日：米氏，RSOS に拡散者レジレポプロジェクトの第 1 段階修正稿を投稿。 20 年 6 月 2 日：米氏らの拡散者レジレポプロジェクトが RSOS に第 1 段階アクセプティポ pending minor revision。しかしコメント量が全くマイナーではなかった。地獄だった。佐々木氏等，暴（略。この頃からチベタ ン・マスティフの画像がよく貼られるようになる。 20 年 6 月 6 日：米氏，RSOS に拡散者レジレポプロジェクトの第 1 段階再修正稿を投稿。 20 年 6 月 9 日：米氏らの拡散者レジレポプロジェクトが RSOS にリアルガチで第 1 段階アクセプティポ。ツイ ッター等での宣伝工作は全く振るわず。 20 年 8 月 4 日：米氏，RSOS に拡散者レジレポプロジェクトの第 2 段階原稿を投稿。 20 年 8 月 16 日：米氏，RSOS の拡散者レジレポプロジェクトの査読結果を受け取る。査読者 3 人，しかしやは り一人ひとりがコメント極大量。査読者 2 の大きな大きな存在感。佐々木氏等，大勢が暴言。マスティフが至る ところに繰り返し現れ八面六臂の大活躍。 20 年 9 月 15 日：米氏，RSOS に拡散者レジレポプロジェクトの第 2 段階修正稿を投稿。 20 年 9 月 16 日：米氏らの拡散者レジレポプロジェクトが RSOS に完全アクセプティポ。 20 年 9 月 18 日：米氏らの RSOS のプルーフがもう来る。速すぎてよね師気づかず。 20 年 9 月 23 日：米氏らの RSOS が正式出版。速すぎて震えが止まらない。 しんどかった流れ