7-2 Personal Pronouns and Possessive DeterminersAnne Agard
This document discusses personal pronouns and possessive determiners/pronouns. It provides examples of how personal pronouns like he, she, it are used to refer to nouns mentioned earlier. Possessive determiners like our, their are used before nouns to show possession, while possessive pronouns like mine, yours can be used in place of a possessive determiner and noun. The document also notes the difference between subject and object personal pronouns and provides additional examples of possessive structures.
This document provides information about using present simple tense to talk about habits, things that are always true, verbs ending in certain letters, and adverbs of frequency. It also gives examples of incorrect present simple sentences and frequency expressions used to indicate how often something occurs.
The document discusses the present continuous tense. It provides examples of how to form the present continuous tense in affirmative, interrogative, and negative forms using the verbs "play" and "do." It explains that the present continuous tense is used to describe: 1) actions happening now, 2) temporary situations, 3) changing or developing situations, and 4) fixed arrangements in the near future. Examples are given for each use.
This document provides a review of English verb tenses, including the present tense, present progressive tense, simple past tense, past progressive tense, future tense, and tag questions. It defines each tense, provides examples of its use, and describes how to form negative statements and questions for each tense. Keywords that indicate each tense are also listed.
Spanish 3 Notes on Preterite vs. ImperfectSara Lynch
The document discusses the uses of the imperfect and preterite tenses in Spanish. The imperfect is used to describe habitual or repeated past actions, while the preterite describes specific or singular past events. Certain words like "always" or "on Saturdays" indicate the imperfect, while words like "once" or "last Saturday" indicate the preterite. The imperfect also describes ongoing circumstances in the past.
The document discusses how to form yes/no questions in English. There are two main formulas:
1) For questions using the verb "to be", the formula is: Auxiliary verb + Subject + rest of the question.
2) For questions using simple tense verbs or modal auxiliaries, the formula is: Auxiliary verb + Subject + main verb in infinitive form + rest of the question.
When there is no auxiliary verb, "do/does/did" are used as auxiliaries before the subject. Modal auxiliaries like "can", "may", and "should" are also used to form questions and change the tense or meaning of the main verb.
This document discusses the use of infinitives and "-ing" forms after verbs in English. It provides the following key points:
1. Verbs like "want" and "aim" are followed by the infinitive with "to", like "I want to go".
2. Verbs like "enjoy" and "dread" are followed by the "-ing" form, like "I enjoy studying".
3. Some verbs can be followed by either the infinitive with "to" or the "-ing" form without a change in meaning, like "begin" or "continue".
4. With other verbs like "stop" or "remember" the choice changes the meaning
7-2 Personal Pronouns and Possessive DeterminersAnne Agard
This document discusses personal pronouns and possessive determiners/pronouns. It provides examples of how personal pronouns like he, she, it are used to refer to nouns mentioned earlier. Possessive determiners like our, their are used before nouns to show possession, while possessive pronouns like mine, yours can be used in place of a possessive determiner and noun. The document also notes the difference between subject and object personal pronouns and provides additional examples of possessive structures.
This document provides information about using present simple tense to talk about habits, things that are always true, verbs ending in certain letters, and adverbs of frequency. It also gives examples of incorrect present simple sentences and frequency expressions used to indicate how often something occurs.
The document discusses the present continuous tense. It provides examples of how to form the present continuous tense in affirmative, interrogative, and negative forms using the verbs "play" and "do." It explains that the present continuous tense is used to describe: 1) actions happening now, 2) temporary situations, 3) changing or developing situations, and 4) fixed arrangements in the near future. Examples are given for each use.
This document provides a review of English verb tenses, including the present tense, present progressive tense, simple past tense, past progressive tense, future tense, and tag questions. It defines each tense, provides examples of its use, and describes how to form negative statements and questions for each tense. Keywords that indicate each tense are also listed.
Spanish 3 Notes on Preterite vs. ImperfectSara Lynch
The document discusses the uses of the imperfect and preterite tenses in Spanish. The imperfect is used to describe habitual or repeated past actions, while the preterite describes specific or singular past events. Certain words like "always" or "on Saturdays" indicate the imperfect, while words like "once" or "last Saturday" indicate the preterite. The imperfect also describes ongoing circumstances in the past.
The document discusses how to form yes/no questions in English. There are two main formulas:
1) For questions using the verb "to be", the formula is: Auxiliary verb + Subject + rest of the question.
2) For questions using simple tense verbs or modal auxiliaries, the formula is: Auxiliary verb + Subject + main verb in infinitive form + rest of the question.
When there is no auxiliary verb, "do/does/did" are used as auxiliaries before the subject. Modal auxiliaries like "can", "may", and "should" are also used to form questions and change the tense or meaning of the main verb.
This document discusses the use of infinitives and "-ing" forms after verbs in English. It provides the following key points:
1. Verbs like "want" and "aim" are followed by the infinitive with "to", like "I want to go".
2. Verbs like "enjoy" and "dread" are followed by the "-ing" form, like "I enjoy studying".
3. Some verbs can be followed by either the infinitive with "to" or the "-ing" form without a change in meaning, like "begin" or "continue".
4. With other verbs like "stop" or "remember" the choice changes the meaning
The document provides information on present continuous tense and present simple tense. It discusses how present continuous is used to describe temporary actions happening around now while present simple describes general or repeated actions. It also lists verbs that can and cannot be used in continuous form, including state verbs versus action verbs. Examples are given to illustrate the different uses of present continuous and present simple.
This document provides instructions for forming formal commands (affirmative and negative) in Spanish. It discusses:
1. Regular formal commands are formed by taking the "yo" form of the verb, dropping the "-o" ending, and adding opposite personal endings. Negative commands add "no" before the verb.
2. Spelling changes occur for verbs ending in "-car", "-gar", "-zar", where the "c", "g", "z" change when adding endings.
3. Irregular verbs like "ir", "ser", "saber", "estar", "dar" have unique formal command forms.
4. With reflexive verbs, the object pronoun is attached
This document provides instruction on how to form and use the future continuous tense in English. It explains that the future continuous is used to refer to actions that will be ongoing or in progress at a specific time in the future. It gives examples of using the future continuous to talk about planned activities, habitual actions, actions that will still be happening, and actions we assume are occurring presently. It also notes that non-continuous verbs take the simple future tense rather than the future continuous.
If you want to teach conditional sentences, try this out! This presentation covers all the stages of teaching a grammar lesson, including home assignment. Hope you will find it beneficial.
The past perfect tense is used to talk about actions that were completed before something else in the past. It can show that something occurred before another past action or express that something happened before a specific time in the past. The past perfect is also used to indicate that something started in the past and continued up until another past action. It is formed using "had" plus the past participle of the main verb.
This document provides information about the present simple and present continuous tenses in English. It outlines the forms of each tense, including affirmative, negative, and question forms. It also discusses the uses of each tense, such as using the present simple for general truths and daily routines, and the present continuous for ongoing actions. The document notes that some stative verbs like feelings and opinions are not usually used in the present continuous. It concludes with examples of time expressions that are used with each tense.
The document discusses forming sentences in the simple past tense in English. It explains that the past tense is used to talk about actions that started and finished in the past. For regular verbs, the past tense form usually adds "-ed" to the base verb. It also provides examples of how to make negative sentences and questions in the past tense by using "didn't" and "did". The document concludes with noting it's time for a game to practice these past tense concepts.
La presentación explica las dos maneras más comunes de expresar el futuro en inglés: "will" y "going to", y las diferencias de uso entre ambas estructuras.
The document discusses various English verb tenses:
1) The Simple Past Tense is used to talk about completed actions in the past. It is formed by adding "-ed" to regular verbs. Irregular verbs have unique past forms.
2) The Past Continuous Tense describes an ongoing action in the past. It is formed with "was/were + verb+ing".
3) The Past Perfect Tense talks about an action that occurred before something else in the past. It uses "had + past participle".
The document discusses defining relative clauses, which are parts of sentences that provide a definition using a subject and verb. It provides examples of defining relative clauses using the subject "earring", including "It's a ring which you put in your ear" and "It's a ring which goes in your ear". It also gives an example of a defining relative clause in a sentence about a shy person named John, saying "John's a shy person who wears a lot of earrings."
El documento habla sobre planes futuros utilizando la estructura gramatical "ir + a + infinitivo". Se menciona estudiar para un examen de español y hacer planes para estudiar juntos el domingo o ir al cine el sábado.
The document provides information about the present continuous tense in English. It gives examples of verbs in the present continuous affirmative and negative forms using the verbs "dance", "cook", "play", "read". It also discusses the use of the present continuous to talk about temporary actions happening at or around the present moment. It outlines spelling rules for verbs ending in letters like "e", vowels between consonants, "l", and "ie" when making them present continuous.
The document defines and provides examples of reported speech, also known as indirect speech. Reported speech is used to talk about something someone else said in the past. When using reported speech, the tenses of the original statement are typically changed to be in the past. For example, changing "I'm going to the cinema" to "He said he was going to the cinema." The document provides a tense chart showing how the tenses shift backward in reported speech and examples of common verb changes like changing "will" to "would." It also discusses special cases like imperatives and references to time and place.
The document provides examples of verbs followed by gerunds or infinitives in English. It discusses special expressions that take gerunds, such as "have fun doing" or "spend time doing." It also covers verbs that can be followed by infinitives, like "hope to do" or "promise to do." Finally, it examines verbs that can take either a gerund or infinitive, but sometimes with a difference in meaning, such as "remember doing" versus "remember to do." The document aims to clarify rules and patterns around using gerunds and infinitives after verbs in English.
The document discusses the present continuous tense in English. It provides the forms for positive sentences, negative sentences, yes-no questions, and Wh-questions in the present continuous tense. It then discusses four main uses of the present continuous tense:
1. To describe actions happening now.
2. To describe longer actions that are in progress now, even if not happening at the moment of speaking.
3. To describe changing situations over time.
4. To describe plans or arrangements for the near future.
The summary concludes by contrasting the present continuous tense with the present simple tense.
The document discusses verb tenses and their classification. It describes how tenses can be categorized based on time frame into present, past and future tenses. Tenses can also be categorized based on aspect into simple, continuous, perfect and perfect continuous forms. There are 12 possible verb tenses in total. The document provides definitions and examples of each tense, such as using the present continuous to emphasize ongoing actions and the past perfect to refer to completed past actions.
The document provides information on present continuous tense and present simple tense. It discusses how present continuous is used to describe temporary actions happening around now while present simple describes general or repeated actions. It also lists verbs that can and cannot be used in continuous form, including state verbs versus action verbs. Examples are given to illustrate the different uses of present continuous and present simple.
This document provides instructions for forming formal commands (affirmative and negative) in Spanish. It discusses:
1. Regular formal commands are formed by taking the "yo" form of the verb, dropping the "-o" ending, and adding opposite personal endings. Negative commands add "no" before the verb.
2. Spelling changes occur for verbs ending in "-car", "-gar", "-zar", where the "c", "g", "z" change when adding endings.
3. Irregular verbs like "ir", "ser", "saber", "estar", "dar" have unique formal command forms.
4. With reflexive verbs, the object pronoun is attached
This document provides instruction on how to form and use the future continuous tense in English. It explains that the future continuous is used to refer to actions that will be ongoing or in progress at a specific time in the future. It gives examples of using the future continuous to talk about planned activities, habitual actions, actions that will still be happening, and actions we assume are occurring presently. It also notes that non-continuous verbs take the simple future tense rather than the future continuous.
If you want to teach conditional sentences, try this out! This presentation covers all the stages of teaching a grammar lesson, including home assignment. Hope you will find it beneficial.
The past perfect tense is used to talk about actions that were completed before something else in the past. It can show that something occurred before another past action or express that something happened before a specific time in the past. The past perfect is also used to indicate that something started in the past and continued up until another past action. It is formed using "had" plus the past participle of the main verb.
This document provides information about the present simple and present continuous tenses in English. It outlines the forms of each tense, including affirmative, negative, and question forms. It also discusses the uses of each tense, such as using the present simple for general truths and daily routines, and the present continuous for ongoing actions. The document notes that some stative verbs like feelings and opinions are not usually used in the present continuous. It concludes with examples of time expressions that are used with each tense.
The document discusses forming sentences in the simple past tense in English. It explains that the past tense is used to talk about actions that started and finished in the past. For regular verbs, the past tense form usually adds "-ed" to the base verb. It also provides examples of how to make negative sentences and questions in the past tense by using "didn't" and "did". The document concludes with noting it's time for a game to practice these past tense concepts.
La presentación explica las dos maneras más comunes de expresar el futuro en inglés: "will" y "going to", y las diferencias de uso entre ambas estructuras.
The document discusses various English verb tenses:
1) The Simple Past Tense is used to talk about completed actions in the past. It is formed by adding "-ed" to regular verbs. Irregular verbs have unique past forms.
2) The Past Continuous Tense describes an ongoing action in the past. It is formed with "was/were + verb+ing".
3) The Past Perfect Tense talks about an action that occurred before something else in the past. It uses "had + past participle".
The document discusses defining relative clauses, which are parts of sentences that provide a definition using a subject and verb. It provides examples of defining relative clauses using the subject "earring", including "It's a ring which you put in your ear" and "It's a ring which goes in your ear". It also gives an example of a defining relative clause in a sentence about a shy person named John, saying "John's a shy person who wears a lot of earrings."
El documento habla sobre planes futuros utilizando la estructura gramatical "ir + a + infinitivo". Se menciona estudiar para un examen de español y hacer planes para estudiar juntos el domingo o ir al cine el sábado.
The document provides information about the present continuous tense in English. It gives examples of verbs in the present continuous affirmative and negative forms using the verbs "dance", "cook", "play", "read". It also discusses the use of the present continuous to talk about temporary actions happening at or around the present moment. It outlines spelling rules for verbs ending in letters like "e", vowels between consonants, "l", and "ie" when making them present continuous.
The document defines and provides examples of reported speech, also known as indirect speech. Reported speech is used to talk about something someone else said in the past. When using reported speech, the tenses of the original statement are typically changed to be in the past. For example, changing "I'm going to the cinema" to "He said he was going to the cinema." The document provides a tense chart showing how the tenses shift backward in reported speech and examples of common verb changes like changing "will" to "would." It also discusses special cases like imperatives and references to time and place.
The document provides examples of verbs followed by gerunds or infinitives in English. It discusses special expressions that take gerunds, such as "have fun doing" or "spend time doing." It also covers verbs that can be followed by infinitives, like "hope to do" or "promise to do." Finally, it examines verbs that can take either a gerund or infinitive, but sometimes with a difference in meaning, such as "remember doing" versus "remember to do." The document aims to clarify rules and patterns around using gerunds and infinitives after verbs in English.
The document discusses the present continuous tense in English. It provides the forms for positive sentences, negative sentences, yes-no questions, and Wh-questions in the present continuous tense. It then discusses four main uses of the present continuous tense:
1. To describe actions happening now.
2. To describe longer actions that are in progress now, even if not happening at the moment of speaking.
3. To describe changing situations over time.
4. To describe plans or arrangements for the near future.
The summary concludes by contrasting the present continuous tense with the present simple tense.
The document discusses verb tenses and their classification. It describes how tenses can be categorized based on time frame into present, past and future tenses. Tenses can also be categorized based on aspect into simple, continuous, perfect and perfect continuous forms. There are 12 possible verb tenses in total. The document provides definitions and examples of each tense, such as using the present continuous to emphasize ongoing actions and the past perfect to refer to completed past actions.
The document discusses groups of trilateral Arabic verbs. It provides 5 groups of verbs with the same pattern. Each group lists example verbs that fit the pattern and their English translations. It also discusses the most common patterns of Arabic verbs and provides examples for each pattern. The purpose is to teach the learner the different patterns of Arabic verbs and examples to help with memorization and understanding.
Pakistani culture, national and regional culture, convergence and divergenceRana Umar
The document provides an overview of the diverse cultures found across the four provinces of Pakistan - Sindh, Punjab, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and Balochistan. It discusses the main languages, cities, cuisines, music, attire, and other cultural aspects of each province. The provinces vary significantly in terms of geography, history, and peoples, but all share a common thread of Islam that helps unite the country.
Having trouble falling asleep? Insomnia is one of the most common side effects of cancer treatment. This presentation provides tips for how you can get some rest without using medication.
Modal verbs are helping verbs that provide additional information about the main verb that follows. They indicate obligation, possibility, permission, or future tense. The modal verbs are must, may, will, should, and can. The one that is not a modal verb is does. Modal verbs take the base form of the main verb after them. Examples are provided of sentences using different modal verbs and their meanings.
This slide presentation teaches students about tense shifting in writing. It begins with an introduction that defines and provides examples of the past tense, present tense, and tense shifting. It explains that tense should be consistent within a work unless shifting is needed to describe a completed action and a habitual one. The second part includes practice exercises for identifying tense and appropriate tense shifting.
Pakistan is located in South Asia with a population of 170 million people. It has four main provinces: Punjab, Sindh, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and Balochistan. Pakistan has over 132 universities and education includes both public and private systems. Cricket is the most popular sport. Pakistani cuisine varies regionally but is known for its rich, spicy flavors featuring ingredients like beef, lamb, rice and an emphasis on halal. Traditional weddings involve mehndi, barat processions and walima celebrations.
1. Modal auxiliary verbs are used with other verbs to express meanings like obligation, permission, possibility, etc. Common modal verbs include can, may, must, should.
2. Modal verbs are grouped based on the number of meanings they express (single or double) and the concepts they convey like ability, obligation, or possibility.
3. When referring to the past, modal verbs are used with perfect infinitives (have + past participle) to express meanings like certainty, possibility, or advice regarding past actions.
1. المملكة العربية السعودية
وزاره التعليم العالي
جامعه الملك عبدالعزيز
TENSES
أزمنة اللغة الجنجليزية
أعدد الطالب : سامي محمد المحمدي
: الرقم الجامعي937121
بإشراف الدكتور : أشرف زيدان
3. المضارع البسيط 1. Present Simple Tense
المضارع البسيط 1. Present Simple Tense
يستخدم هذا الزمن للتعبير عن العادات و التقاليد و القدرات و الحقائق.
حاضر
ماضي مستقبل
:يأتي هذا الزمن عادة مع كلمات مثل
every كل دائما always
ً عادةusually
عموما generally
ً غالباoften
ً أمحياجناsometimes
ً
جنادراrarely أبدا never
ً من محين لرخر from time to time
أمثلــــــــــــــــــــــة
.1 .I go to school everyday
.2 .They usually sleep at 11.00 p.m
.3 .We often drink coffee in the morning
.4 .She is never late to school
4. 2. Past Simple Tense الماضي البسيط
يستخدم هذا الزمن للتعبير عن محدث وقع في الماضي.
مع ملمحظة الفعال الشاذة.
e يتكون هذا الزمن من التصريف الثاجني للفعل أي إضافة
d حاضر
ماضي مستقبل
ماضي
بسيط
:يأتي هذا الزمن عادة مع كلمات مثل
yesterday أمس الماضي last مضىago
:in 1988 AD, in 1415 AH أو أي تاريخ في الماضي مثل
أمثلــــــــــــــــــــــة
.1 .I watched television last night
.2 .They visited their uncle yesterday
.3 .We went to Makkah two months ago
5. 3. Future Simple Tense المستقبل البسيط
يستخدم هذا الزمن للتعبير عن محدث متوقع محدوثه في المستقبل.
يتكون هذا الزمن من:
+ التصريف اللول للفعل will / shall
حاضر
ماضي مستقبل
مستقبل
بسيط
:يأتي هذا الزمن عادة مع كلمات مثل
ً
غدا القادم في المستقبلin the future
أو أي تاريخ في المستقبل مثل :in 2010 AD, in 1425 AH
أمثلــــــــــــــــــــــة
.1 .I will go to school tomorrow
.2 .They will play foot ball next Friday
.3 .He will join the army in the future
:هناك تكوين أرخر للمستقبل البسيط باستخدام
am , is , are going to
6. 4. Present Continuous Tense
4. Present Continuous Tense المضارع المستمر
المضارع المستمر
يستخدم هذا الزمن للتعبير عن محدث يقع الن فقط .
+ + ingفعلam / is / are يتكون هذا الزمن من :
حاضر
ماضي مستقبل
مضارع مستمر
: يأتي هذا الزمن عادة مع كلمات مثل
now الن في هذه اللحظة at the moment look اجنظر
listen استمع at the present time في الوقت الحاضر
أمثلــــــــــــــــــــــة
.1. I am reading a story at the moment
.2. They are watching television now
.3. Look! the bus is coming
7. 5. Past Continuous Tense
5. Past Continuous Tense الماضي المستمر
الماضي المستمر
يستخدم هذا الزمن للتعبير عن فعل كان مستمرا في الماضي لوأثناء ذلك وقع فعل أرخر .
+ + ingفعل was / were يتكون هذا الزمن من :
حاضر
ماضـــي مســــتمر
ماضي مستقبل
ماضي بسيط
: يأتي هذا الزمن عادة مع كلمات مثل
when عندما بينما while محيث أن as لن because
أمثلــــــــــــــــــــــة
.While I was sleeping , a thief entered my room
بينما كنت جنائما ، درخل لص غرفتي( هذه الجملة تحتوي على محدثين أمحدهما ماضي مستمر وهو النوم والرخر(
ً
. درخول اللص الغرفة الذي محصل أثناء النوم
. When we were eating , my father came
بينما كنا جنأكل ، جاء والدي( هذه الجملة تحتوي على محدثين أمحدهما ماضي مستمر وهو الكل والرخر مجيء (
. والدي الذي محصل أثناء الكل
8. 6. Future Continuous Tense
6. Future Continuous Tense المستقبل المستمر
المستقبل المستمر
يستخدم هذا الزمن للتعبير عن شيء متوقع محدوثه في المستقبل ويستمر لفترة .
يتكون هذا الزمن من :
) + + ingفعل ( will + be
حاضر
ماضي مستقبل
: يأتي هذا الزمن عادة مع كلمات مثل
عند للزمنat بحلولby في غضونin
من..إلىfrom…to كل ،جميعall بعدafter
أمثلــــــــــــــــــــــة
.1 .By 7.30 tomorrow, I will be flying to Cairo
.2 . They will be waiting for you at 5 o'clock
9. 7. Present Perfect Tense
7. Present Perfect Tense المضارع التام
المضارع التام
يستخدم هذا الزمن للتعبير عن محدث محصل في الماضي و اجنتهى قبل لحظات أو اجنتهى في الماضي و لزالت آثاره موجودة
محتى الن.
يتكون هذا الزمن من:
+التصريف الثالث للفعل has / have
حاضر
ماضي مستقبل
: يأتي هذا الزمن عادة مع كلمات مثل
منذsince لمدةfor في التوjust
محتى النyet في البدever never ً
أبدا
I
محديثاrecently
ً تماماalready
ً
أمثلــــــــــــــــــــــة
.1 .I have lived in Riyadh for six years
.2 .5991 I have not visited him since
.3 .Ahmed has already finished his homework
.4 .She has written three letters just now
10. 8. Past Perfect Tense
8. Past Perfect Tense الماضي التام
الماضي التام
.يستخدم هذا الزمن للتعبير عن محدث محصل و اجنتهى في لحظة ما في زمن الماضي
:يتكون هذا الزمن من
+التصريف الثالث للفعل had
حاضر
ماضي مستقبل
ماضي ماضي
تام بسيط
يأتي هذا الزمن عادة مع كلمات مثل :
منذafter لمدةbefore
محتى النwhich في البدas soon as
I
أمثلــــــــــــــــــــــة
.1 .I had washed before I prayed
.2 .They went home after they had finished their work
.3 .Ahmed had eaten the cake which he bought
.4 .As soon as they had bought a car, they drove to Makkah
11. 9. Future Perfect Tense
9. Future Perfect Tense المستقبل التام
المستقبل التام
يستخدم هذا الزمن للتعبير عن محدث متوقع محدوثه و اجنتهاؤه في زمن ما في المستقبل.
يتكون هذا الزمن من:
+التصريف الثالث للفعل will + have
حاضر
ماضي مستقبل
لوقت انتهاء
الفعل متوقع
بحلولby عندat : يأتي هذا الزمن عادة مع كلمات مثل
I
أمثلــــــــــــــــــــــة
.1 By 2.00 this afternoon, I will have finished my
.work
.2 .At 10.00 tonight, she will have written five letters
12. 10. Present Perfect Continuous Tense
10. Present Perfect Continuous Tense المستمر المضارع التام
المستمر المضارع التام
يستخدم هذا الزمن للتعبير عن محدث وقع جزء منه و تم في الماضي و لكنه مستمر محتى الن.
يتكون هذا الزمن من:
++ ingفعل has / have + been
حاضر
ماضي مستقبل
: يأتي هذا الزمن عادة مع كلمات مثل
لمدةfor منذsince
I
أمثلــــــــــــــــــــــة
.1 .I have been studying English for six years
.2 .She has been sleeping since 2 o’clock
13. 11. Past Perfect Continuous Tense
11. Past Perfect Continuous Tense المستمر الماضيا التام
المستمر الماضي لتام
.يستخدم هذا الزمن للتركيز على المدة التي يستغرقها حدث ما يقع قبل لوقت معين في الماضي
:يتكون هذا الزمن من
had + been ++فعلing
حاضر
الم دة الم ستغرقة
ماضي مستقبل
زم ن معين في الم اض ي
for لمدة sinceمنذ the whole day اليوم بأكمله : يأتي هذا الزمن عادة مع كلمات مثل
I
أمثلــــــــــــــــــــــة
1. We had been sleeping for 12 hours when he woke us up.
2. They had been cycling all day so their legs were sore in the
evening.
3. How long had he been studying English before he went to
London? Answer: He had been studying English since 1980
before he went to London .
14. 12. Future Perfect Continuous Tense
12. Future Perfect Continuous Tense المستمر المستقبل التام
المستمر المستقبل التام
يستخدم هذا الزمن للتركيز على المدة التي يستغرقها حدث ما يقع قبل لوقت معين في المستقبل. يستخدم كذلك للتعبير عن
فرضية لحدث مستقبلي.
يتكون هذا الزمن من:
++ ingفعل will have + been
حاضر الم دة الم ستغرقة
ماضي مستقبل
زم ن معين في المستقبل
: يأتي هذا الزمن عادة مع كلمات مثل
لمدةfor طوال اليوم all day long
I
أمثلــــــــــــــــــــــة
.1 .By the end of the week, I will have been working here for four months
.2 .I will have been studying English for six years
.3 . .They will have been looking for me all night long
.4 ?Will they have been waiting for 2 hours
15. المزمنة ) )ملخص TENSES
أمثلة بعض الكلمات التي التغيير الزمن لو التركيب
تأتي معها
I go to school ,every……., always يستخدم هذا الزمن للتعبير عن العادات و التقاليد و المضارع البسيط
.everyday ,usually, often .القدرات و الحقائق
,sometimes, rarely
never
I went to school ,last……, yesterday يستخدم هذا الزمن للتعبير عن حدث وقع في الماضي البسيط
. yesterday ….ago .الماضي لو انتهى
I will go to school next, tomorrow يستخدم هذا الزمن للتعبير عن حدث متوقع حدوثه المستقبل البسيط
. tomorrow في المستقبل.
They are watching now, at this يستخدم هذا الزمن للتعبير عن حدث يقع ال ن فقط . المضارع المستمر
.television now !moment, look
When we were when, while, as يستخدم هذا الزمن للتعبير عن فعل الماضي المستمر
eating, my father كان مستمرا في الماضي لوأثناء
. came ذلك لوقع فعل أخر .
By 7.30 tomorrow, I by, at, in, after يستخدم هذا الزمن للتعبير عن شيء متوقع حدوثه المستقبل المستمر
will be flying to . في المستقبل ويستمر لفترة
.Cairo
16. أمثلة بعض الكلمات التي تأتي التغيير الزمن لو التركيب
معها
Ahmed has already finished ,since, for, just, yet يستخدم هذا الزمن للتعبير عن حدث حصل في المضارع التام
.his homework ,ever, already الماضي و انتهى قبل لحظات أو انتهى في الماضي و
لازالت آثاره موجودة حتى ال ن.
recently
They went home after they after, before, as soon يستخدم هذا الزمن للتعبير عن حدث حصل و انتهى الماضي التام
.had finished their work as, which .في لحظة ما في ازمن الماضي
By 2.00 this afternoon, I by, at يستخدم هذا الزمن للتعبير عن حدث متوقع حدوثه و المستقبل التام
.will have finished my work انتهاؤه في ازمن ما في المستقبل.
I have been studying for, since يستخدم هذا الزمن للتعبير عن حدث وقع جزء منه و المضارع التام
.English for six years تم في الماضي و لكنه مستمر حتى ال ن. المستمر
He had been studying for, since, the whole يستخدم هذا الزمن للتركيز على الماضي التام
.English for 10 years day المدة التي يستغرقها حدث ما يقع المستمر
قبل لوقت معين في المستقبل.
يستخدم كذلك للتعبير عن فرضية
لحدث مستقبلي.
By tonight, I will have been for, the day long يستخدم هذا الزمن للتركيز على المستقبل التام
studying English the day المدة التي يستغرقها حدث ما يقع المستمر
.long قبل لوقت معين في الماضي.
