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Similar to 機械学習を科学研究で使うとは? (20) More from Ichigaku Takigawa
More from Ichigaku Takigawa (20) 機械学習を科学研究で使うとは?2. ⾃⼰紹介:瀧川 ⼀学 (たきがわ いちがく)
うどん県⽣まれなのになぜか札幌と京都を⾏ったり来たりしている⼈
「機械学習」と「機械発⾒」を研究する技術屋
⾼松18年 ⽣まれも育ちもうどん県 (1年だけドイツに住みましたが)
札幌10年 北海道⼤学⼯学部・⼯学研究科を卒業 (⼤学4年、⼤学院5年、博⼠研究員1年)
京都7年 京都⼤学化学研究所バイオインフォマティクスセンター 助教 (兼 京⼤薬学研究科 助教)
札幌7年 北海道⼤学情報科学研究科 准教授 (+ICReDD 准教授)
京都4年 理化学研究所⾰新知能統合研究センター(京都) 研究員 (+ICReDD 特任准教授)
京都1年 北海道⼤学ICReDD 特任教授 + 京都⼤学国際⾼等教育院 特定教授
ご当地ゆるキャラ
「うどん脳」
特に「離散構造」を伴う機械学習
2
6. 機械学習を使った私たちの研究の紹介(1)
Hu et al. AAAI'22 Workshop on Deep Learning on Graphs (DLG-AAAI’22), 2022.
分⼦構造を描くときに機械学習で構造補完:今をときめく(?)⽣成AI
→⼀発で構造⽣成するのは実⽤性が低いので対話式かつ多段式の⽣成
6
8. 機械学習を使った私たちの研究の紹介(3)
Katsuno et al, Microscopy and Microanalysis 2022; 28(1), 138-144.
透過電⼦顕微鏡(TEM)の低電⼦線量像の画質改善
→⾼電⼦線量だと対象に影響・低電⼦線量では観察しづらい問題を解消
高電子線 低電子線(入力) 改善像(出力) 高電子線 低電子線(入力) 改善像(出力) 高電子線 低電子線(入力) 改善像(出力)
with 北⼤低温研(⽊村研)
8
12. コンピュータプログラム
機械学習はデータを予測に変えることができる
p1 p2 p3 p4
…
⼊⼒⾒本点を関数モデルで内挿することで⾒本点以外での予測値を得る
<latexit sha1_base64="IBBb/uTu3HSYEaZpRPUDDpz0NpI=">AAAB+XicbVA9TwJBEJ3DL8Qv1NJmIzGxInfGr5JoY4nRAxK4kL1lDzbs7l1294zkwk+w1drO2PprLP0nLnCFgC+Z5OW9mczMCxPOtHHdb6ewsrq2vlHcLG1t7+zulfcPGjpOFaE+iXmsWiHWlDNJfcMMp61EUSxCTpvh8HbiN5+o0iyWj2aU0EDgvmQRI9hY6eG563XLFbfqToGWiZeTCuSod8s/nV5MUkGlIRxr3fbcxAQZVoYRTselTqppgskQ92nbUokF1UE2PXWMTqzSQ1GsbEmDpurfiQwLrUcitJ0Cm4Fe9Cbif147NdF1kDGZpIZKMlsUpRyZGE3+Rj2mKDF8ZAkmitlbERlghYmx6cxtCcXYZuItJrBMGmdV77J6cX9eqd3k6RThCI7hFDy4ghrcQR18INCHF3iFNydz3p0P53PWWnDymUOYg/P1C7x/lEA=</latexit>
x1
<latexit sha1_base64="5qc+V/HreXAxzViHouU+ehrsHOk=">AAAB+XicbVA9TwJBEJ3DL8Qv1NJmIzGxIndE1JJoY4lRPhK4kL1lDzbs7l1294zkwk+w1drO2PprLP0nLnCFgC+Z5OW9mczMC2LOtHHdbye3tr6xuZXfLuzs7u0fFA+PmjpKFKENEvFItQOsKWeSNgwznLZjRbEIOG0Fo9up33qiSrNIPppxTH2BB5KFjGBjpYfnXqVXLLlldwa0SryMlCBDvVf86fYjkggqDeFY647nxsZPsTKMcDopdBNNY0xGeEA7lkosqPbT2akTdGaVPgojZUsaNFP/TqRYaD0Wge0U2Az1sjcV//M6iQmv/ZTJODFUkvmiMOHIRGj6N+ozRYnhY0swUczeisgQK0yMTWdhSyAmNhNvOYFV0qyUvcty9f6iVLvJ0snDCZzCOXhwBTW4gzo0gMAAXuAV3pzUeXc+nM95a87JZo5hAc7XL74SlEE=</latexit>
x2
12
⾒本点(データ)
<latexit sha1_base64="bxC3bgzmEj+K8qlHe0LGrHHc73k=">AAACAnicbVDLSgMxFM3UV62vqks3wSJUkDJTfG2EohuXFewD2mHIpJk2NMkMSUY6DN35DW517U7c+iMu/RPTdha29cCFwzn3ci7HjxhV2ra/rdzK6tr6Rn6zsLW9s7tX3D9oqjCWmDRwyELZ9pEijArS0FQz0o4kQdxnpOUP7yZ+64lIRUPxqJOIuBz1BQ0oRtpI3eQmKI8852zkVU+9Ysmu2FPAZeJkpAQy1L3iT7cX4pgToTFDSnUcO9JuiqSmmJFxoRsrEiE8RH3SMVQgTpSbTn8ewxOj9GAQSjNCw6n69yJFXKmE+2aTIz1Qi95E/M/rxDq4dlMqolgTgWdBQcygDuGkANijkmDNEkMQltT8CvEASYS1qWkuxedj04mz2MAyaVYrzmXl4uG8VLvN2smDI3AMysABV6AG7kEdNAAGEXgBr+DNerberQ/rc7aas7KbQzAH6+sXQ3GXPA==</latexit>
y = f(x1, x2)
関数値(予測)
⼊⼒ 出⼒
14. 機械学習はデータを予測に変えることができる
Random Forest Neural Network SVR Kernel Ridge
p1 p2 p3 p4
…
関数モデル
⼊⼒⾒本点を関数モデルで内挿することで⾒本点以外での予測値を得る
<latexit sha1_base64="TmPrDxD7hzzfoNkVfa4Et3fWEww=">AAACAHicbVDLTsJAFJ3iC/GFunQzkZhgYkjLS9wR3bjERB4RmmY6TGHCdNrMTA2kYeM3uNW1O+PWP3HpnzhAF4Ke5CYn59ybe+9xQ0alMs0vI7W2vrG5ld7O7Ozu7R9kD49aMogEJk0csEB0XCQJo5w0FVWMdEJBkO8y0nZHNzO//UiEpAG/V5OQ2D4acOpRjJSWHrz82LEuxk7x3MnmzMJVzSxVLGgWilapWi1rYs4BrYTkQIKGk/3u9QMc+YQrzJCUXcsMlR0joShmZJrpRZKECI/QgHQ15cgn0o7nF0/hmVb60AuELq7gXP09ESNfyonv6k4fqaFc9Wbif143Ul7NjikPI0U4XizyIgZVAGfvwz4VBCs20QRhQfWtEA+RQFjpkJa2uP5UZ2KtJvCXtIoFq1qo3JVz9esknTQ4AacgDyxwCergFjRAE2DAwTN4Aa/Gk/FmvBsfi9aUkcwcgyUYnz8cepai</latexit>
f(x1, x2)
<latexit sha1_base64="IBBb/uTu3HSYEaZpRPUDDpz0NpI=">AAAB+XicbVA9TwJBEJ3DL8Qv1NJmIzGxInfGr5JoY4nRAxK4kL1lDzbs7l1294zkwk+w1drO2PprLP0nLnCFgC+Z5OW9mczMCxPOtHHdb6ewsrq2vlHcLG1t7+zulfcPGjpOFaE+iXmsWiHWlDNJfcMMp61EUSxCTpvh8HbiN5+o0iyWj2aU0EDgvmQRI9hY6eG563XLFbfqToGWiZeTCuSod8s/nV5MUkGlIRxr3fbcxAQZVoYRTselTqppgskQ92nbUokF1UE2PXWMTqzSQ1GsbEmDpurfiQwLrUcitJ0Cm4Fe9Cbif147NdF1kDGZpIZKMlsUpRyZGE3+Rj2mKDF8ZAkmitlbERlghYmx6cxtCcXYZuItJrBMGmdV77J6cX9eqd3k6RThCI7hFDy4ghrcQR18INCHF3iFNydz3p0P53PWWnDymUOYg/P1C7x/lEA=</latexit>
x1
<latexit sha1_base64="5qc+V/HreXAxzViHouU+ehrsHOk=">AAAB+XicbVA9TwJBEJ3DL8Qv1NJmIzGxIndE1JJoY4lRPhK4kL1lDzbs7l1294zkwk+w1drO2PprLP0nLnCFgC+Z5OW9mczMC2LOtHHdbye3tr6xuZXfLuzs7u0fFA+PmjpKFKENEvFItQOsKWeSNgwznLZjRbEIOG0Fo9up33qiSrNIPppxTH2BB5KFjGBjpYfnXqVXLLlldwa0SryMlCBDvVf86fYjkggqDeFY647nxsZPsTKMcDopdBNNY0xGeEA7lkosqPbT2akTdGaVPgojZUsaNFP/TqRYaD0Wge0U2Az1sjcV//M6iQmv/ZTJODFUkvmiMOHIRGj6N+ozRYnhY0swUczeisgQK0yMTWdhSyAmNhNvOYFV0qyUvcty9f6iVLvJ0snDCZzCOXhwBTW4gzo0gMAAXuAV3pzUeXc+nM95a87JZo5hAc7XL74SlEE=</latexit>
x2
<latexit sha1_base64="IBBb/uTu3HSYEaZpRPUDDpz0NpI=">AAAB+XicbVA9TwJBEJ3DL8Qv1NJmIzGxInfGr5JoY4nRAxK4kL1lDzbs7l1294zkwk+w1drO2PprLP0nLnCFgC+Z5OW9mczMCxPOtHHdb6ewsrq2vlHcLG1t7+zulfcPGjpOFaE+iXmsWiHWlDNJfcMMp61EUSxCTpvh8HbiN5+o0iyWj2aU0EDgvmQRI9hY6eG563XLFbfqToGWiZeTCuSod8s/nV5MUkGlIRxr3fbcxAQZVoYRTselTqppgskQ92nbUokF1UE2PXWMTqzSQ1GsbEmDpurfiQwLrUcitJ0Cm4Fe9Cbif147NdF1kDGZpIZKMlsUpRyZGE3+Rj2mKDF8ZAkmitlbERlghYmx6cxtCcXYZuItJrBMGmdV77J6cX9eqd3k6RThCI7hFDy4ghrcQR18INCHF3iFNydz3p0P53PWWnDymUOYg/P1C7x/lEA=</latexit>
x1
<latexit sha1_base64="5qc+V/HreXAxzViHouU+ehrsHOk=">AAAB+XicbVA9TwJBEJ3DL8Qv1NJmIzGxIndE1JJoY4lRPhK4kL1lDzbs7l1294zkwk+w1drO2PprLP0nLnCFgC+Z5OW9mczMC2LOtHHdbye3tr6xuZXfLuzs7u0fFA+PmjpKFKENEvFItQOsKWeSNgwznLZjRbEIOG0Fo9up33qiSrNIPppxTH2BB5KFjGBjpYfnXqVXLLlldwa0SryMlCBDvVf86fYjkggqDeFY647nxsZPsTKMcDopdBNNY0xGeEA7lkosqPbT2akTdGaVPgojZUsaNFP/TqRYaD0Wge0U2Az1sjcV//M6iQmv/ZTJODFUkvmiMOHIRGj6N+ozRYnhY0swUczeisgQK0yMTWdhSyAmNhNvOYFV0qyUvcty9f6iVLvJ0snDCZzCOXhwBTW4gzo0gMAAXuAV3pzUeXc+nM95a87JZo5hAc7XL74SlEE=</latexit>
x2
12
⾒本点(データ)
<latexit sha1_base64="bxC3bgzmEj+K8qlHe0LGrHHc73k=">AAACAnicbVDLSgMxFM3UV62vqks3wSJUkDJTfG2EohuXFewD2mHIpJk2NMkMSUY6DN35DW517U7c+iMu/RPTdha29cCFwzn3ci7HjxhV2ra/rdzK6tr6Rn6zsLW9s7tX3D9oqjCWmDRwyELZ9pEijArS0FQz0o4kQdxnpOUP7yZ+64lIRUPxqJOIuBz1BQ0oRtpI3eQmKI8852zkVU+9Ysmu2FPAZeJkpAQy1L3iT7cX4pgToTFDSnUcO9JuiqSmmJFxoRsrEiE8RH3SMVQgTpSbTn8ewxOj9GAQSjNCw6n69yJFXKmE+2aTIz1Qi95E/M/rxDq4dlMqolgTgWdBQcygDuGkANijkmDNEkMQltT8CvEASYS1qWkuxedj04mz2MAyaVYrzmXl4uG8VLvN2smDI3AMysABV6AG7kEdNAAGEXgBr+DNerberQ/rc7aas7KbQzAH6+sXQ3GXPA==</latexit>
y = f(x1, x2)
関数値(予測)
⼊⼒ 出⼒
内部パラメタの値
15. 深層学習と表現学習
q1 q2 q3 q4
…
関数モデル <latexit sha1_base64="BcUDZdISSGMt9rP0N1/ZwCT71ZU=">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</latexit>
y =
(
1 (red)
0 (blue)
<latexit sha1_base64="IBBb/uTu3HSYEaZpRPUDDpz0NpI=">AAAB+XicbVA9TwJBEJ3DL8Qv1NJmIzGxInfGr5JoY4nRAxK4kL1lDzbs7l1294zkwk+w1drO2PprLP0nLnCFgC+Z5OW9mczMCxPOtHHdb6ewsrq2vlHcLG1t7+zulfcPGjpOFaE+iXmsWiHWlDNJfcMMp61EUSxCTpvh8HbiN5+o0iyWj2aU0EDgvmQRI9hY6eG563XLFbfqToGWiZeTCuSod8s/nV5MUkGlIRxr3fbcxAQZVoYRTselTqppgskQ92nbUokF1UE2PXWMTqzSQ1GsbEmDpurfiQwLrUcitJ0Cm4Fe9Cbif147NdF1kDGZpIZKMlsUpRyZGE3+Rj2mKDF8ZAkmitlbERlghYmx6cxtCcXYZuItJrBMGmdV77J6cX9eqd3k6RThCI7hFDy4ghrcQR18INCHF3iFNydz3p0P53PWWnDymUOYg/P1C7x/lEA=</latexit>
x1
<latexit sha1_base64="5qc+V/HreXAxzViHouU+ehrsHOk=">AAAB+XicbVA9TwJBEJ3DL8Qv1NJmIzGxIndE1JJoY4lRPhK4kL1lDzbs7l1294zkwk+w1drO2PprLP0nLnCFgC+Z5OW9mczMC2LOtHHdbye3tr6xuZXfLuzs7u0fFA+PmjpKFKENEvFItQOsKWeSNgwznLZjRbEIOG0Fo9up33qiSrNIPppxTH2BB5KFjGBjpYfnXqVXLLlldwa0SryMlCBDvVf86fYjkggqDeFY647nxsZPsTKMcDopdBNNY0xGeEA7lkosqPbT2akTdGaVPgojZUsaNFP/TqRYaD0Wge0U2Az1sjcV//M6iQmv/ZTJODFUkvmiMOHIRGj6N+ozRYnhY0swUczeisgQK0yMTWdhSyAmNhNvOYFV0qyUvcty9f6iVLvJ0snDCZzCOXhwBTW4gzo0gMAAXuAV3pzUeXc+nM95a87JZo5hAc7XL74SlEE=</latexit>
x2
<latexit sha1_base64="IBBb/uTu3HSYEaZpRPUDDpz0NpI=">AAAB+XicbVA9TwJBEJ3DL8Qv1NJmIzGxInfGr5JoY4nRAxK4kL1lDzbs7l1294zkwk+w1drO2PprLP0nLnCFgC+Z5OW9mczMCxPOtHHdb6ewsrq2vlHcLG1t7+zulfcPGjpOFaE+iXmsWiHWlDNJfcMMp61EUSxCTpvh8HbiN5+o0iyWj2aU0EDgvmQRI9hY6eG563XLFbfqToGWiZeTCuSod8s/nV5MUkGlIRxr3fbcxAQZVoYRTselTqppgskQ92nbUokF1UE2PXWMTqzSQ1GsbEmDpurfiQwLrUcitJ0Cm4Fe9Cbif147NdF1kDGZpIZKMlsUpRyZGE3+Rj2mKDF8ZAkmitlbERlghYmx6cxtCcXYZuItJrBMGmdV77J6cX9eqd3k6RThCI7hFDy4ghrcQR18INCHF3iFNydz3p0P53PWWnDymUOYg/P1C7x/lEA=</latexit>
x1
<latexit sha1_base64="5qc+V/HreXAxzViHouU+ehrsHOk=">AAAB+XicbVA9TwJBEJ3DL8Qv1NJmIzGxIndE1JJoY4lRPhK4kL1lDzbs7l1294zkwk+w1drO2PprLP0nLnCFgC+Z5OW9mczMC2LOtHHdbye3tr6xuZXfLuzs7u0fFA+PmjpKFKENEvFItQOsKWeSNgwznLZjRbEIOG0Fo9up33qiSrNIPppxTH2BB5KFjGBjpYfnXqVXLLlldwa0SryMlCBDvVf86fYjkggqDeFY647nxsZPsTKMcDopdBNNY0xGeEA7lkosqPbT2akTdGaVPgojZUsaNFP/TqRYaD0Wge0U2Az1sjcV//M6iQmv/ZTJODFUkvmiMOHIRGj6N+ozRYnhY0swUczeisgQK0yMTWdhSyAmNhNvOYFV0qyUvcty9f6iVLvJ0snDCZzCOXhwBTW4gzo0gMAAXuAV3pzUeXc+nM95a87JZo5hAc7XL74SlEE=</latexit>
x2
<latexit sha1_base64="O/iqe3XqjYvQ7DFO7QN56dHVyOU=">AAAB93icbVDLSgNBEOyNrxhfUY9eFoPgKeyKr2PQi8cEzAOSJcxOepMhM7PLzKywhHyBVz17E69+jkf/xEmyBxMtaCiquunuChPOtPG8L6ewtr6xuVXcLu3s7u0flA+PWjpOFcUmjXmsOiHRyJnEpmGGYydRSETIsR2O72d++wmVZrF8NFmCgSBDySJGibFSI+uXK17Vm8P9S/ycVCBHvV/+7g1imgqUhnKiddf3EhNMiDKMcpyWeqnGhNAxGWLXUkkE6mAyP3Tqnlll4EaxsiWNO1d/T0yI0DoToe0UxIz0qjcT//O6qYlugwmTSWpQ0sWiKOWuid3Z1+6AKaSGZ5YQqpi91aUjogg1NpulLaGY2kz81QT+ktZF1b+uXjUuK7W7PJ0inMApnIMPN1CDB6hDEyggPMMLvDqZ8+a8Ox+L1oKTzxzDEpzPH5Ack50=</latexit>
y
<latexit sha1_base64="IBBb/uTu3HSYEaZpRPUDDpz0NpI=">AAAB+XicbVA9TwJBEJ3DL8Qv1NJmIzGxInfGr5JoY4nRAxK4kL1lDzbs7l1294zkwk+w1drO2PprLP0nLnCFgC+Z5OW9mczMCxPOtHHdb6ewsrq2vlHcLG1t7+zulfcPGjpOFaE+iXmsWiHWlDNJfcMMp61EUSxCTpvh8HbiN5+o0iyWj2aU0EDgvmQRI9hY6eG563XLFbfqToGWiZeTCuSod8s/nV5MUkGlIRxr3fbcxAQZVoYRTselTqppgskQ92nbUokF1UE2PXWMTqzSQ1GsbEmDpurfiQwLrUcitJ0Cm4Fe9Cbif147NdF1kDGZpIZKMlsUpRyZGE3+Rj2mKDF8ZAkmitlbERlghYmx6cxtCcXYZuItJrBMGmdV77J6cX9eqd3k6RThCI7hFDy4ghrcQR18INCHF3iFNydz3p0P53PWWnDymUOYg/P1C7x/lEA=</latexit>
x1
<latexit sha1_base64="5qc+V/HreXAxzViHouU+ehrsHOk=">AAAB+XicbVA9TwJBEJ3DL8Qv1NJmIzGxIndE1JJoY4lRPhK4kL1lDzbs7l1294zkwk+w1drO2PprLP0nLnCFgC+Z5OW9mczMC2LOtHHdbye3tr6xuZXfLuzs7u0fFA+PmjpKFKENEvFItQOsKWeSNgwznLZjRbEIOG0Fo9up33qiSrNIPppxTH2BB5KFjGBjpYfnXqVXLLlldwa0SryMlCBDvVf86fYjkggqDeFY647nxsZPsTKMcDopdBNNY0xGeEA7lkosqPbT2akTdGaVPgojZUsaNFP/TqRYaD0Wge0U2Az1sjcV//M6iQmv/ZTJODFUkvmiMOHIRGj6N+ozRYnhY0swUczeisgQK0yMTWdhSyAmNhNvOYFV0qyUvcty9f6iVLvJ0snDCZzCOXhwBTW4gzo0gMAAXuAV3pzUeXc+nM95a87JZo5hAc7XL74SlEE=</latexit>
x2
⼊⼒変数
標準的な
機械学習
Random
Forest
GBDT
Nearest
Neighbor
SVM
Gaussian
Process
Neural
Network
<latexit sha1_base64="IBBb/uTu3HSYEaZpRPUDDpz0NpI=">AAAB+XicbVA9TwJBEJ3DL8Qv1NJmIzGxInfGr5JoY4nRAxK4kL1lDzbs7l1294zkwk+w1drO2PprLP0nLnCFgC+Z5OW9mczMCxPOtHHdb6ewsrq2vlHcLG1t7+zulfcPGjpOFaE+iXmsWiHWlDNJfcMMp61EUSxCTpvh8HbiN5+o0iyWj2aU0EDgvmQRI9hY6eG563XLFbfqToGWiZeTCuSod8s/nV5MUkGlIRxr3fbcxAQZVoYRTselTqppgskQ92nbUokF1UE2PXWMTqzSQ1GsbEmDpurfiQwLrUcitJ0Cm4Fe9Cbif147NdF1kDGZpIZKMlsUpRyZGE3+Rj2mKDF8ZAkmitlbERlghYmx6cxtCcXYZuItJrBMGmdV77J6cX9eqd3k6RThCI7hFDy4ghrcQR18INCHF3iFNydz3p0P53PWWnDymUOYg/P1C7x/lEA=</latexit>
x1
<latexit sha1_base64="5qc+V/HreXAxzViHouU+ehrsHOk=">AAAB+XicbVA9TwJBEJ3DL8Qv1NJmIzGxIndE1JJoY4lRPhK4kL1lDzbs7l1294zkwk+w1drO2PprLP0nLnCFgC+Z5OW9mczMC2LOtHHdbye3tr6xuZXfLuzs7u0fFA+PmjpKFKENEvFItQOsKWeSNgwznLZjRbEIOG0Fo9up33qiSrNIPppxTH2BB5KFjGBjpYfnXqVXLLlldwa0SryMlCBDvVf86fYjkggqDeFY647nxsZPsTKMcDopdBNNY0xGeEA7lkosqPbT2akTdGaVPgojZUsaNFP/TqRYaD0Wge0U2Az1sjcV//M6iQmv/ZTJODFUkvmiMOHIRGj6N+ozRYnhY0swUczeisgQK0yMTWdhSyAmNhNvOYFV0qyUvcty9f6iVLvJ0snDCZzCOXhwBTW4gzo0gMAAXuAV3pzUeXc+nM95a87JZo5hAc7XL74SlEE=</latexit>
x2
<latexit sha1_base64="O/iqe3XqjYvQ7DFO7QN56dHVyOU=">AAAB93icbVDLSgNBEOyNrxhfUY9eFoPgKeyKr2PQi8cEzAOSJcxOepMhM7PLzKywhHyBVz17E69+jkf/xEmyBxMtaCiquunuChPOtPG8L6ewtr6xuVXcLu3s7u0flA+PWjpOFcUmjXmsOiHRyJnEpmGGYydRSETIsR2O72d++wmVZrF8NFmCgSBDySJGibFSI+uXK17Vm8P9S/ycVCBHvV/+7g1imgqUhnKiddf3EhNMiDKMcpyWeqnGhNAxGWLXUkkE6mAyP3Tqnlll4EaxsiWNO1d/T0yI0DoToe0UxIz0qjcT//O6qYlugwmTSWpQ0sWiKOWuid3Z1+6AKaSGZ5YQqpi91aUjogg1NpulLaGY2kz81QT+ktZF1b+uXjUuK7W7PJ0inMApnIMPN1CDB6hDEyggPMMLvDqZ8+a8Ox+L1oKTzxzDEpzPH5Ack50=</latexit>
y
13
16. 深層学習と表現学習
p1 p2 p3 p4
…
変数変換(表現学習)
<latexit sha1_base64="wThlqV4N/f6TJkASaopeeXy6hGk=">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</latexit>
z1
<latexit sha1_base64="eRVZ9lBHtuomnSZ9U9icTCKNkZM=">AAAChnichVHLTsJAFD3UF+ID1I2JGyLBuCIDQTGuiG5c8pBHgoS0dcCG0jZtIQHiD5i4lYUrTVwYP8APcOMPuOATjEtM3LjwUpoYJeJtpnPmzD13zsyVDFWxbMb6HmFqemZ2zjvvW1hcWvYHVlbzlt40ZZ6TdVU3i5JocVXReM5WbJUXDZOLDUnlBal+ONwvtLhpKbp2bLcNXm6INU2pKrJoE5XtVGKVQIhFmBPBcRB1QQhupPTAI05wCh0ymmiAQ4NNWIUIi74SomAwiCujS5xJSHH2Oc7hI22TsjhliMTW6V+jVcllNVoPa1qOWqZTVBomKYMIsxd2zwbsmT2wV/b5Z62uU2PopU2zNNJyo+K/WM9+/Ktq0Gzj7Fs10bONKvYcrwp5NxxmeAt5pG91eoPsfibc3WK37I3837A+e6IbaK13+S7NM9cT/EjkhV6MGhT93Y5xkI9ForuReDoeSh64rfJiA5vYpn4kkMQRUshR/RoucYWe4BUiwo6QGKUKHlezhh8hJL8AWxaQnw==</latexit>
z2
⼊⼒変数
<latexit sha1_base64="wThlqV4N/f6TJkASaopeeXy6hGk=">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</latexit>
z1
<latexit sha1_base64="eRVZ9lBHtuomnSZ9U9icTCKNkZM=">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</latexit>
z2
潜在変数
深層学習
q1 q2 q3 q4
…
関数モデル <latexit sha1_base64="BcUDZdISSGMt9rP0N1/ZwCT71ZU=">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</latexit>
y =
(
1 (red)
0 (blue)
<latexit sha1_base64="IBBb/uTu3HSYEaZpRPUDDpz0NpI=">AAAB+XicbVA9TwJBEJ3DL8Qv1NJmIzGxInfGr5JoY4nRAxK4kL1lDzbs7l1294zkwk+w1drO2PprLP0nLnCFgC+Z5OW9mczMCxPOtHHdb6ewsrq2vlHcLG1t7+zulfcPGjpOFaE+iXmsWiHWlDNJfcMMp61EUSxCTpvh8HbiN5+o0iyWj2aU0EDgvmQRI9hY6eG563XLFbfqToGWiZeTCuSod8s/nV5MUkGlIRxr3fbcxAQZVoYRTselTqppgskQ92nbUokF1UE2PXWMTqzSQ1GsbEmDpurfiQwLrUcitJ0Cm4Fe9Cbif147NdF1kDGZpIZKMlsUpRyZGE3+Rj2mKDF8ZAkmitlbERlghYmx6cxtCcXYZuItJrBMGmdV77J6cX9eqd3k6RThCI7hFDy4ghrcQR18INCHF3iFNydz3p0P53PWWnDymUOYg/P1C7x/lEA=</latexit>
x1
<latexit sha1_base64="5qc+V/HreXAxzViHouU+ehrsHOk=">AAAB+XicbVA9TwJBEJ3DL8Qv1NJmIzGxIndE1JJoY4lRPhK4kL1lDzbs7l1294zkwk+w1drO2PprLP0nLnCFgC+Z5OW9mczMC2LOtHHdbye3tr6xuZXfLuzs7u0fFA+PmjpKFKENEvFItQOsKWeSNgwznLZjRbEIOG0Fo9up33qiSrNIPppxTH2BB5KFjGBjpYfnXqVXLLlldwa0SryMlCBDvVf86fYjkggqDeFY647nxsZPsTKMcDopdBNNY0xGeEA7lkosqPbT2akTdGaVPgojZUsaNFP/TqRYaD0Wge0U2Az1sjcV//M6iQmv/ZTJODFUkvmiMOHIRGj6N+ozRYnhY0swUczeisgQK0yMTWdhSyAmNhNvOYFV0qyUvcty9f6iVLvJ0snDCZzCOXhwBTW4gzo0gMAAXuAV3pzUeXc+nM95a87JZo5hAc7XL74SlEE=</latexit>
x2
良い変数さえ⾒つかれば
ここはシンプルで良い!
標準的な
機械学習
<latexit sha1_base64="IBBb/uTu3HSYEaZpRPUDDpz0NpI=">AAAB+XicbVA9TwJBEJ3DL8Qv1NJmIzGxInfGr5JoY4nRAxK4kL1lDzbs7l1294zkwk+w1drO2PprLP0nLnCFgC+Z5OW9mczMCxPOtHHdb6ewsrq2vlHcLG1t7+zulfcPGjpOFaE+iXmsWiHWlDNJfcMMp61EUSxCTpvh8HbiN5+o0iyWj2aU0EDgvmQRI9hY6eG563XLFbfqToGWiZeTCuSod8s/nV5MUkGlIRxr3fbcxAQZVoYRTselTqppgskQ92nbUokF1UE2PXWMTqzSQ1GsbEmDpurfiQwLrUcitJ0Cm4Fe9Cbif147NdF1kDGZpIZKMlsUpRyZGE3+Rj2mKDF8ZAkmitlbERlghYmx6cxtCcXYZuItJrBMGmdV77J6cX9eqd3k6RThCI7hFDy4ghrcQR18INCHF3iFNydz3p0P53PWWnDymUOYg/P1C7x/lEA=</latexit>
x1
<latexit sha1_base64="5qc+V/HreXAxzViHouU+ehrsHOk=">AAAB+XicbVA9TwJBEJ3DL8Qv1NJmIzGxIndE1JJoY4lRPhK4kL1lDzbs7l1294zkwk+w1drO2PprLP0nLnCFgC+Z5OW9mczMC2LOtHHdbye3tr6xuZXfLuzs7u0fFA+PmjpKFKENEvFItQOsKWeSNgwznLZjRbEIOG0Fo9up33qiSrNIPppxTH2BB5KFjGBjpYfnXqVXLLlldwa0SryMlCBDvVf86fYjkggqDeFY647nxsZPsTKMcDopdBNNY0xGeEA7lkosqPbT2akTdGaVPgojZUsaNFP/TqRYaD0Wge0U2Az1sjcV//M6iQmv/ZTJODFUkvmiMOHIRGj6N+ozRYnhY0swUczeisgQK0yMTWdhSyAmNhNvOYFV0qyUvcty9f6iVLvJ0snDCZzCOXhwBTW4gzo0gMAAXuAV3pzUeXc+nM95a87JZo5hAc7XL74SlEE=</latexit>
x2
通常の機械学習でも⼊⼒変数の
設計が決定的に重要
14
22. 機械学習と科学的理解
科学的発⾒以外に「科学的理解」(法則の発⾒)をゴールにすれば良い?
→ 経験則の延⻑である機械学習は恣意性を含むため本質的に難しい…
例) 次の数列の□は?
2、4、□、8 2、4、5、8
<latexit sha1_base64="M6xfm5JPIi4Yy+OViYnc+ruGs04=">AAAB+XicbVDLTgJBEOzFF+IL9ehlIjHxRHaNryPRi0eMIiSwIbPDLEyYx2Zm1oRs+ASvevZmvPo1Hv0TB9iDgJV0UqnqTndXlHBmrO9/e4WV1bX1jeJmaWt7Z3evvH/wZFSqCW0QxZVuRdhQziRtWGY5bSWaYhFx2oyGtxO/+Uy1YUo+2lFCQ4H7ksWMYOukB9yV3XLFr/pToGUS5KQCOerd8k+np0gqqLSEY2PagZ/YMMPaMsLpuNRJDU0wGeI+bTsqsaAmzKanjtGJU3ooVtqVtGiq/p3IsDBmJCLXKbAdmEVvIv7ntVMbX4cZk0lqqSSzRXHKkVVo8jfqMU2J5SNHMNHM3YrIAGtMrEtnbkskxi6TYDGBZfJ0Vg0uqxf355XaTZ5OEY7gGE4hgCuowR3UoQEE+vACr/DmZd679+F9zloLXj5zCHPwvn4B+COUZg==</latexit>
an
<latexit sha1_base64="hF49EF/fSyiRpV2/5M1meGXWBwg=">AAAB93icbVDLSgNBEOyNrxhfUY9eFoPgKeyKr2PQi8cEzAOSJcxOepMhM7PLzKywhHyBVz17E69+jkf/xEmyBxMtaCiquunuChPOtPG8L6ewtr6xuVXcLu3s7u0flA+PWjpOFcUmjXmsOiHRyJnEpmGGYydRSETIsR2O72d++wmVZrF8NFmCgSBDySJGibFSQ/bLFa/qzeH+JX5OKpCj3i9/9wYxTQVKQznRuut7iQkmRBlGOU5LvVRjQuiYDLFrqSQCdTCZHzp1z6wycKNY2ZLGnau/JyZEaJ2J0HYKYkZ61ZuJ/3nd1ES3wYTJJDUo6WJRlHLXxO7sa3fAFFLDM0sIVcze6tIRUYQam83SllBMbSb+agJ/Seui6l9XrxqXldpdnk4RTuAUzsGHG6jBA9ShCRQQnuEFXp3MeXPenY9Fa8HJZ45hCc7nD37Lk5I=</latexit>
n
19
23. 機械学習と科学的理解
科学的発⾒以外に「科学的理解」(法則の発⾒)をゴールにすれば良い?
→ 経験則の延⻑である機械学習は恣意性を含むため本質的に難しい…
例) 次の数列の□は?
2、4、□、8 2、4、4、8
<latexit sha1_base64="M6xfm5JPIi4Yy+OViYnc+ruGs04=">AAAB+XicbVDLTgJBEOzFF+IL9ehlIjHxRHaNryPRi0eMIiSwIbPDLEyYx2Zm1oRs+ASvevZmvPo1Hv0TB9iDgJV0UqnqTndXlHBmrO9/e4WV1bX1jeJmaWt7Z3evvH/wZFSqCW0QxZVuRdhQziRtWGY5bSWaYhFx2oyGtxO/+Uy1YUo+2lFCQ4H7ksWMYOukB9yV3XLFr/pToGUS5KQCOerd8k+np0gqqLSEY2PagZ/YMMPaMsLpuNRJDU0wGeI+bTsqsaAmzKanjtGJU3ooVtqVtGiq/p3IsDBmJCLXKbAdmEVvIv7ntVMbX4cZk0lqqSSzRXHKkVVo8jfqMU2J5SNHMNHM3YrIAGtMrEtnbkskxi6TYDGBZfJ0Vg0uqxf355XaTZ5OEY7gGE4hgCuowR3UoQEE+vACr/DmZd679+F9zloLXj5zCHPwvn4B+COUZg==</latexit>
an
<latexit sha1_base64="hF49EF/fSyiRpV2/5M1meGXWBwg=">AAAB93icbVDLSgNBEOyNrxhfUY9eFoPgKeyKr2PQi8cEzAOSJcxOepMhM7PLzKywhHyBVz17E69+jkf/xEmyBxMtaCiquunuChPOtPG8L6ewtr6xuVXcLu3s7u0flA+PWjpOFcUmjXmsOiHRyJnEpmGGYydRSETIsR2O72d++wmVZrF8NFmCgSBDySJGibFSQ/bLFa/qzeH+JX5OKpCj3i9/9wYxTQVKQznRuut7iQkmRBlGOU5LvVRjQuiYDLFrqSQCdTCZHzp1z6wycKNY2ZLGnau/JyZEaJ2J0HYKYkZ61ZuJ/3nd1ES3wYTJJDUo6WJRlHLXxO7sa3fAFFLDM0sIVcze6tIRUYQam83SllBMbSb+agJ/Seui6l9XrxqXldpdnk4RTuAUzsGHG6jBA9ShCRQQnuEFXp3MeXPenY9Fa8HJZ45hCc7nD37Lk5I=</latexit>
n
19
24. 機械学習と科学的理解
科学的発⾒以外に「科学的理解」(法則の発⾒)をゴールにすれば良い?
→ 経験則の延⻑である機械学習は恣意性を含むため本質的に難しい…
例) 次の数列の□は?
2、4、□、8 2、4、2、8
<latexit sha1_base64="M6xfm5JPIi4Yy+OViYnc+ruGs04=">AAAB+XicbVDLTgJBEOzFF+IL9ehlIjHxRHaNryPRi0eMIiSwIbPDLEyYx2Zm1oRs+ASvevZmvPo1Hv0TB9iDgJV0UqnqTndXlHBmrO9/e4WV1bX1jeJmaWt7Z3evvH/wZFSqCW0QxZVuRdhQziRtWGY5bSWaYhFx2oyGtxO/+Uy1YUo+2lFCQ4H7ksWMYOukB9yV3XLFr/pToGUS5KQCOerd8k+np0gqqLSEY2PagZ/YMMPaMsLpuNRJDU0wGeI+bTsqsaAmzKanjtGJU3ooVtqVtGiq/p3IsDBmJCLXKbAdmEVvIv7ntVMbX4cZk0lqqSSzRXHKkVVo8jfqMU2J5SNHMNHM3YrIAGtMrEtnbkskxi6TYDGBZfJ0Vg0uqxf355XaTZ5OEY7gGE4hgCuowR3UoQEE+vACr/DmZd679+F9zloLXj5zCHPwvn4B+COUZg==</latexit>
an
<latexit sha1_base64="hF49EF/fSyiRpV2/5M1meGXWBwg=">AAAB93icbVDLSgNBEOyNrxhfUY9eFoPgKeyKr2PQi8cEzAOSJcxOepMhM7PLzKywhHyBVz17E69+jkf/xEmyBxMtaCiquunuChPOtPG8L6ewtr6xuVXcLu3s7u0flA+PWjpOFcUmjXmsOiHRyJnEpmGGYydRSETIsR2O72d++wmVZrF8NFmCgSBDySJGibFSQ/bLFa/qzeH+JX5OKpCj3i9/9wYxTQVKQznRuut7iQkmRBlGOU5LvVRjQuiYDLFrqSQCdTCZHzp1z6wycKNY2ZLGnau/JyZEaJ2J0HYKYkZ61ZuJ/3nd1ES3wYTJJDUo6WJRlHLXxO7sa3fAFFLDM0sIVcze6tIRUYQam83SllBMbSb+agJ/Seui6l9XrxqXldpdnk4RTuAUzsGHG6jBA9ShCRQQnuEFXp3MeXPenY9Fa8HJZ45hCc7nD37Lk5I=</latexit>
n
19
25. 機械学習と科学的理解
科学的発⾒以外に「科学的理解」(法則の発⾒)をゴールにすれば良い?
→ 経験則の延⻑である機械学習は恣意性を含むため本質的に難しい…
例) 次の数列の□は?
2、4、□、8
機械学習は「□に何が来ても」都合の良いように説明できてしまう!!
→ 反証の余地がない「なんでもOK」な説明はもはや説明ではない
<latexit sha1_base64="M6xfm5JPIi4Yy+OViYnc+ruGs04=">AAAB+XicbVDLTgJBEOzFF+IL9ehlIjHxRHaNryPRi0eMIiSwIbPDLEyYx2Zm1oRs+ASvevZmvPo1Hv0TB9iDgJV0UqnqTndXlHBmrO9/e4WV1bX1jeJmaWt7Z3evvH/wZFSqCW0QxZVuRdhQziRtWGY5bSWaYhFx2oyGtxO/+Uy1YUo+2lFCQ4H7ksWMYOukB9yV3XLFr/pToGUS5KQCOerd8k+np0gqqLSEY2PagZ/YMMPaMsLpuNRJDU0wGeI+bTsqsaAmzKanjtGJU3ooVtqVtGiq/p3IsDBmJCLXKbAdmEVvIv7ntVMbX4cZk0lqqSSzRXHKkVVo8jfqMU2J5SNHMNHM3YrIAGtMrEtnbkskxi6TYDGBZfJ0Vg0uqxf355XaTZ5OEY7gGE4hgCuowR3UoQEE+vACr/DmZd679+F9zloLXj5zCHPwvn4B+COUZg==</latexit>
an
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n
19