Vascular wilt, Anthracnose and Black arm or angular leaf spot disease of Cotton dinesh kumar pancheshwar
Major diseases of cotton viz: Vascular wilt (F. oxysporum f. sp. Vasinfectum), Anthracnose (Colletotrichum gossypii) and Black arm or Bacterial blight X. axonopodis pv. malvacearum (Xam) symptoms caused by Seedling blight, Angular leaf spot, Vein blight or vein necrosis or black vein, Black arm or Bacterial blight and Square rot / Boll rot diseases of Cotton.
Selenium (Se) is a widely studied trace element in human and animal due to its role in antioxidant defense system which is needed for the maintenance of health and hormone balance. During last two decades the beneficial role of Se in plants has been explored by researchers.
Vascular wilt, Anthracnose and Black arm or angular leaf spot disease of Cotton dinesh kumar pancheshwar
Major diseases of cotton viz: Vascular wilt (F. oxysporum f. sp. Vasinfectum), Anthracnose (Colletotrichum gossypii) and Black arm or Bacterial blight X. axonopodis pv. malvacearum (Xam) symptoms caused by Seedling blight, Angular leaf spot, Vein blight or vein necrosis or black vein, Black arm or Bacterial blight and Square rot / Boll rot diseases of Cotton.
Selenium (Se) is a widely studied trace element in human and animal due to its role in antioxidant defense system which is needed for the maintenance of health and hormone balance. During last two decades the beneficial role of Se in plants has been explored by researchers.
It is a minor vegetable crop ,can be used in place of cucumber as salad ,still lot of work possibility are there in standardization of inputs in this crop .
Nutrient deficiency in horticultural cropsVanangamudiK1
Nutrient deficiencies
Common nutritional disorders in horticultural crops
Nutritional disorders and their corrective measures
Physiological disorders and their remedies
The Integrated Disease Management (IDM) involves the need based use of pesticide only when the disease incidence reach economic threshold levels and this will promote the build up of many bio-control agent in the crop ecosystems.
Thus IDM, a greener alternative to the conventional use of chemicals, is an attempt to promote natural, economic and sociological farming methods through the most effective combination of farming techniques and judicious and limited use of fungicide.
In other words, IDM programme implies all the available disease management approaches including cultural, biological and chemical control with the main objective to keep the disease incidence below economic threshold level.
Potassium is an essential plant nutrient and is required in large amounts for proper growth and reproduction of plants. It affects the plant shape, size, color, taste and other measurements attributed to healthy produce.
Methods of Plant Propagation Sexual and Vegetativeijtsrd
The fruit plants are propagated by two main methods, namely, sexual method and asexual method. Most of the fruit plants do not produce seedlings true to type. Using the asexual method of propagation the fruit plants produce true to type clones of the parent plant. Moreover, these plants also produce uniform yield, fruit size and quality. Although seedling plants produce heavy crop, the fruit size and quality is inferior and do not fetch good return in market. The seedling plants for several fruit crops have long juvenile period and have more vigorous growth habit, which creates difficulty in taking plant protection measures and harvesting of fruits. The fruits of seedling plants do not mature in one stroke and hence, affect the marketing. The asexual methods of plant propagation are of the four types, Cutting, Layering, Budding and Grafting. In this communication we present review on the Sexual method of propagation Seed along with all the asexual or vegetative methods like, Cutting, Layering, Budding and Grafting methods of plant propagation. The cutting method includes root, stem, scion and leaf cutting methods of vegetative propagation. The layering method category encompasses the Natural, Simple, Tip, Compound or Serpentine, Trench, Mound and Air layering methods. The budding method of the asexual propagation includes, T Shield, Inverted T Shield, Chip, I, Patch, Forkert, Flute and Ring Annular Budding methods. Swaraj Meher | Priya Sagar | Smile Sandal "Methods of Plant Propagation: Sexual & Vegetative" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42533.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comengineering/agricultural-engineering/42533/methods-of-plant-propagation-sexual-and-vegetative/swaraj-meher
Maintenance needs are very closely tied to the amount of stress that exists in the growing environment, as well as the the expectations for turf performance.
It is a minor vegetable crop ,can be used in place of cucumber as salad ,still lot of work possibility are there in standardization of inputs in this crop .
Nutrient deficiency in horticultural cropsVanangamudiK1
Nutrient deficiencies
Common nutritional disorders in horticultural crops
Nutritional disorders and their corrective measures
Physiological disorders and their remedies
The Integrated Disease Management (IDM) involves the need based use of pesticide only when the disease incidence reach economic threshold levels and this will promote the build up of many bio-control agent in the crop ecosystems.
Thus IDM, a greener alternative to the conventional use of chemicals, is an attempt to promote natural, economic and sociological farming methods through the most effective combination of farming techniques and judicious and limited use of fungicide.
In other words, IDM programme implies all the available disease management approaches including cultural, biological and chemical control with the main objective to keep the disease incidence below economic threshold level.
Potassium is an essential plant nutrient and is required in large amounts for proper growth and reproduction of plants. It affects the plant shape, size, color, taste and other measurements attributed to healthy produce.
Methods of Plant Propagation Sexual and Vegetativeijtsrd
The fruit plants are propagated by two main methods, namely, sexual method and asexual method. Most of the fruit plants do not produce seedlings true to type. Using the asexual method of propagation the fruit plants produce true to type clones of the parent plant. Moreover, these plants also produce uniform yield, fruit size and quality. Although seedling plants produce heavy crop, the fruit size and quality is inferior and do not fetch good return in market. The seedling plants for several fruit crops have long juvenile period and have more vigorous growth habit, which creates difficulty in taking plant protection measures and harvesting of fruits. The fruits of seedling plants do not mature in one stroke and hence, affect the marketing. The asexual methods of plant propagation are of the four types, Cutting, Layering, Budding and Grafting. In this communication we present review on the Sexual method of propagation Seed along with all the asexual or vegetative methods like, Cutting, Layering, Budding and Grafting methods of plant propagation. The cutting method includes root, stem, scion and leaf cutting methods of vegetative propagation. The layering method category encompasses the Natural, Simple, Tip, Compound or Serpentine, Trench, Mound and Air layering methods. The budding method of the asexual propagation includes, T Shield, Inverted T Shield, Chip, I, Patch, Forkert, Flute and Ring Annular Budding methods. Swaraj Meher | Priya Sagar | Smile Sandal "Methods of Plant Propagation: Sexual & Vegetative" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42533.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comengineering/agricultural-engineering/42533/methods-of-plant-propagation-sexual-and-vegetative/swaraj-meher
Maintenance needs are very closely tied to the amount of stress that exists in the growing environment, as well as the the expectations for turf performance.
1. عفن القاعدة في البصل والثوم Basal Rot Disease
د. عماد الدين يوسف محمود
المسبب المرضي:
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.cepae
م ن المراض الهام ة الت ى تص يب محص ول البص ل فى •
الحق ل وتظه ر خطورت ه أثناء النق ل والشح ن والتخزين
حسب توفر الظروف الملئمة.
.يعيش الفطر في التربة مترمم ً وهو فطر جرحي غالباً
ا •
ما يظهر المرض مصاحباً للصابة بذبابة البصل.
تحدث الصابة عن طريق الجروح التى تحدث لقواعد •
البص ال نتيج ة العزي ق أ و النيماتودا أ و الكاروس أو
ذبابة البصلو يلئم الفطر درجة الحرارة المرتفعة.
تبدأ الصابة في الحقل وتنتشر في المخزن لذا يعتبر من •
أه م أمراض المخزن الت ي تؤث ر س لبي ً علي عمليات
ا
التصدير.
2. عفن القاعدة في البصل والثوم Basal Rot Disease
العراض Symptoms
• إص فرار الوراق وعف ن وموت الجذور أس فل س طح التربة
مع س هولة إقتلع النباتات المص ابة م ن الترب ة مع ظهور
نمو أبيض قطنى دون وجود أجسام حجرية.
• ف ى حال ة الص ابة الشديدة تص بح أنس جة البص لة لين ة عند
القاعدة وق د يمت د العف ن م ن القاعدة إل ى العنق وتتلون
الوراق الشحمية بلون بنى غامق.
المقاومة Controls
• معاملة الشتلت قبل الزراعة بأحد المركبات الحيوية أو
المبيدات الفطرية المطهرة كما في العفن البيض.
• التقليع عند تمام النضج وعند رقاد 05% من العروش.
• إجراء عملية التسميط وفرز البصال قبل تخزينها.
• يجب أن تكون المخازن نظيفة وجيدة التهوية ومنخفضة
في درجة الحرارة.
• تعامل البصال قبل التخزين بغاز ثاني أكسيد الكبريت أو
المونيا )عملية التدخين(.
