Inheritance is the capability of a class to use the properties and methods of another class while adding its own functionality.
Enables you to add new features and functionality to an existing class without modifying the existing class.
What is a constructor?
Constructor is a method which gets executed automatically when we create or instantiate object of that class having constructor.
More Highlights of Constructor
A single class can have multiple constructors means we can have more than one constructor in a class. It is also called as overloaded constructor.
A benefit of using a constructor is that it guarantees that the object will go through a proper initialization before an object being used means we can pre-initialize some of the class variables with values before an object being used.
A constructor can be called another constructor by using "this" keyword. "this" keyword is the current instance of a class.
Std 12 computer chapter 6 object oriented concepts (part 2) by Nuzhat Memon
Aggregation and Composition
Aggregation vs. Composition
Inheritance
Composition vs. Inheritance
gseb computer 2020 and 2021 english medium
Inheritance is the capability of a class to use the properties and methods of another class while adding its own functionality.
Enables you to add new features and functionality to an existing class without modifying the existing class.
What is a constructor?
Constructor is a method which gets executed automatically when we create or instantiate object of that class having constructor.
More Highlights of Constructor
A single class can have multiple constructors means we can have more than one constructor in a class. It is also called as overloaded constructor.
A benefit of using a constructor is that it guarantees that the object will go through a proper initialization before an object being used means we can pre-initialize some of the class variables with values before an object being used.
A constructor can be called another constructor by using "this" keyword. "this" keyword is the current instance of a class.
Std 12 computer chapter 6 object oriented concepts (part 2) by Nuzhat Memon
Aggregation and Composition
Aggregation vs. Composition
Inheritance
Composition vs. Inheritance
gseb computer 2020 and 2021 english medium
Java OOP Programming language (Part 6) - Abstract Class & InterfaceOUM SAOKOSAL
Java OOP Programming language (Part 6) - Abstract Class & Interface
Oum Saokosal
Where to me find me more:
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/user/oumsaokosal
FB Page: https://facebook.com/kosalgeek
PPT: https://www.slideshare.net/oumsaokosal
Twitter: https://twitter.com/okosal
Web: http://kosalgeek.com
A method is a code block that contains a series of statements. A program causes the statements to be executed by calling the method and specifying any required method arguments. In C#, every executed instruction is performed in the context of a method.
explanation on C# value data types and reference data types. It also explains how they are stored in the heap or stack memory.
Feel free to drop your questions and comments below.
Std 12 computer chapter 6 object oriented concepts (part 1) by Nuzhat Memon
Introduction to class and object
Procedural (Structural) programming language
Object Oriented programming language
Two ways of programming language (POP and OOP)
four specific object properties
4 pillars of OOPs
Encapsulation in Java
Abstraction in Java
Messaging in Java
Polymorphism in Java
Antes de migrar de 10g a 11g o 12c, tome en cuenta las siguientes consideraciones. No es tan sencillo como simplemente cambiar de motor de base de datos, se necesita hacer consideraciones a nivel del aplicativo.
Java OOP Programming language (Part 6) - Abstract Class & InterfaceOUM SAOKOSAL
Java OOP Programming language (Part 6) - Abstract Class & Interface
Oum Saokosal
Where to me find me more:
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/user/oumsaokosal
FB Page: https://facebook.com/kosalgeek
PPT: https://www.slideshare.net/oumsaokosal
Twitter: https://twitter.com/okosal
Web: http://kosalgeek.com
A method is a code block that contains a series of statements. A program causes the statements to be executed by calling the method and specifying any required method arguments. In C#, every executed instruction is performed in the context of a method.
explanation on C# value data types and reference data types. It also explains how they are stored in the heap or stack memory.
Feel free to drop your questions and comments below.
Std 12 computer chapter 6 object oriented concepts (part 1) by Nuzhat Memon
Introduction to class and object
Procedural (Structural) programming language
Object Oriented programming language
Two ways of programming language (POP and OOP)
four specific object properties
4 pillars of OOPs
Encapsulation in Java
Abstraction in Java
Messaging in Java
Polymorphism in Java
Antes de migrar de 10g a 11g o 12c, tome en cuenta las siguientes consideraciones. No es tan sencillo como simplemente cambiar de motor de base de datos, se necesita hacer consideraciones a nivel del aplicativo.
Денис Резник "Зачем мне знать SQL и Базы Данных, ведь у меня есть ORM?"Fwdays
Начинаем новый проект. Платформа - .Net, язык программирования - C#, база данных - SQL Server. Как будем работать с базой данных? ORM. Скорее всего Entity Framework. Можно начинать.
К сожалению, этого набора уже достаточно для старта проекта :) но недостаточно для безболезненного его запуска и развития. В этом докладе мы поговорим об опасностях, которые скрываются в недрах ORM и о том, как можно попробовать уберечь себя и свой проект от них.
Oracle Database Performance Tuning Advanced Features and Best Practices for DBAsZohar Elkayam
Oracle Week 2017 slides.
Agenda:
Basics: How and What To Tune?
Using the Automatic Workload Repository (AWR)
Using AWR-Based Tools: ASH, ADDM
Real-Time Database Operation Monitoring (12c)
Identifying Problem SQL Statements
Using SQL Performance Analyzer
Tuning Memory (SGA and PGA)
Parallel Execution and Compression
Oracle Database 12c Performance New Features
SQL Server ASYNC_NETWORK_IO Wait Type ExplainedConfio Software
When a SQL Server session waits on the async network io event, it may be encountering issues with the network or with aclient application not processing the data quickly enough. If the wait times for "async network io" are high, review the client application to see if large results sets are being sent to the client. If they are, work with the developers to understand if all the data is needed and reduce the size of result set if possible. Learn tips and techniques for decreasing decrease waits for async_network_io in this presentation.
Geek Sync I Need for Speed: In-Memory Databases in Oracle and SQL ServerIDERA Software
You can watch the replay for this Geek Sync webcast in the IDERA Resource Center: http://ow.ly/S6MG50A5ok5
Microsoft introduced IN-MEMORY OLTP, widely referred to as “Hekaton” in SQL Server 2014. Hekaton allows for the creation of fully transactionally consistent memory-resident tables designed for high concurrency and no blocking. With SQL 2016, many of the original restrictions and limitations of this feature have been reduced. IDERA’s Vicky Harp will give an overview of this feature, including how to compile T-SQL code into machine code for an even greater performance boost.
There’s also been a lot of buzz about Oracle 12c’s new IN-MEMORY COLUMN STORE. Oracle ACE Bert Scalzo will cover this new feature, how it works, it’s benefits, scripts to measure/monitor it and more. He will also touch on performance observations from benchmarking this new feature against more traditional SGA memory allocations plus Oracle 11g R2’s Database Smart Flash Cache. All findings, scripts and conclusions from this exercise will be shared. In addition, two very popular database benchmarking tools will be highlighted.
Access Data from XPages with the Relational ControlsTeamstudio
Did you know that Domino and XPages allows for the easy access of relational data? These exciting capabilities in the Extension Library can greatly enhance the capability of your applications and allow access to information beyond Domino. Howard and Paul will discuss what you need to get started, what controls allow access to relational data, and the new @Functions available to incorporate relational data in your Server Side JavaScript programming.
EM12c: Capacity Planning with OEM MetricsMaaz Anjum
Some of my thoughts and adventures encapsulated in a presentation regarding Capacity Planning, Resource Utilization, and Enterprise Managers Collected Metrics.
What makes it worth becoming a Data Engineer?Hadi Fadlallah
This presentation explains what data engineering is for non-computer science students and why it is worth being a data engineer. I used this presentation while working as an on-demand instructor at Nooreed.com
This presentation explains what data engineering is and describes the data lifecycles phases briefly. I used this presentation during my work as an on-demand instructor at Nooreed.com
Presenting a paper made by Jacques Demerjian and Ahmed Serhrouchni (Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Télécommunications – LTCI-UMR 5141 CNRS, France
{demerjia, ahmed}@enst.fr)
A presentation on software testing importance , types, and levels,...
This presentation contains videos, it may be unplayable on slideshare and need to download
As Europe's leading economic powerhouse and the fourth-largest hashtag#economy globally, Germany stands at the forefront of innovation and industrial might. Renowned for its precision engineering and high-tech sectors, Germany's economic structure is heavily supported by a robust service industry, accounting for approximately 68% of its GDP. This economic clout and strategic geopolitical stance position Germany as a focal point in the global cyber threat landscape.
In the face of escalating global tensions, particularly those emanating from geopolitical disputes with nations like hashtag#Russia and hashtag#China, hashtag#Germany has witnessed a significant uptick in targeted cyber operations. Our analysis indicates a marked increase in hashtag#cyberattack sophistication aimed at critical infrastructure and key industrial sectors. These attacks range from ransomware campaigns to hashtag#AdvancedPersistentThreats (hashtag#APTs), threatening national security and business integrity.
🔑 Key findings include:
🔍 Increased frequency and complexity of cyber threats.
🔍 Escalation of state-sponsored and criminally motivated cyber operations.
🔍 Active dark web exchanges of malicious tools and tactics.
Our comprehensive report delves into these challenges, using a blend of open-source and proprietary data collection techniques. By monitoring activity on critical networks and analyzing attack patterns, our team provides a detailed overview of the threats facing German entities.
This report aims to equip stakeholders across public and private sectors with the knowledge to enhance their defensive strategies, reduce exposure to cyber risks, and reinforce Germany's resilience against cyber threats.
Levelwise PageRank with Loop-Based Dead End Handling Strategy : SHORT REPORT ...Subhajit Sahu
Abstract — Levelwise PageRank is an alternative method of PageRank computation which decomposes the input graph into a directed acyclic block-graph of strongly connected components, and processes them in topological order, one level at a time. This enables calculation for ranks in a distributed fashion without per-iteration communication, unlike the standard method where all vertices are processed in each iteration. It however comes with a precondition of the absence of dead ends in the input graph. Here, the native non-distributed performance of Levelwise PageRank was compared against Monolithic PageRank on a CPU as well as a GPU. To ensure a fair comparison, Monolithic PageRank was also performed on a graph where vertices were split by components. Results indicate that Levelwise PageRank is about as fast as Monolithic PageRank on the CPU, but quite a bit slower on the GPU. Slowdown on the GPU is likely caused by a large submission of small workloads, and expected to be non-issue when the computation is performed on massive graphs.
Opendatabay - Open Data Marketplace.pptxOpendatabay
Opendatabay.com unlocks the power of data for everyone. Open Data Marketplace fosters a collaborative hub for data enthusiasts to explore, share, and contribute to a vast collection of datasets.
First ever open hub for data enthusiasts to collaborate and innovate. A platform to explore, share, and contribute to a vast collection of datasets. Through robust quality control and innovative technologies like blockchain verification, opendatabay ensures the authenticity and reliability of datasets, empowering users to make data-driven decisions with confidence. Leverage cutting-edge AI technologies to enhance the data exploration, analysis, and discovery experience.
From intelligent search and recommendations to automated data productisation and quotation, Opendatabay AI-driven features streamline the data workflow. Finding the data you need shouldn't be a complex. Opendatabay simplifies the data acquisition process with an intuitive interface and robust search tools. Effortlessly explore, discover, and access the data you need, allowing you to focus on extracting valuable insights. Opendatabay breaks new ground with a dedicated, AI-generated, synthetic datasets.
Leverage these privacy-preserving datasets for training and testing AI models without compromising sensitive information. Opendatabay prioritizes transparency by providing detailed metadata, provenance information, and usage guidelines for each dataset, ensuring users have a comprehensive understanding of the data they're working with. By leveraging a powerful combination of distributed ledger technology and rigorous third-party audits Opendatabay ensures the authenticity and reliability of every dataset. Security is at the core of Opendatabay. Marketplace implements stringent security measures, including encryption, access controls, and regular vulnerability assessments, to safeguard your data and protect your privacy.
Adjusting primitives for graph : SHORT REPORT / NOTESSubhajit Sahu
Graph algorithms, like PageRank Compressed Sparse Row (CSR) is an adjacency-list based graph representation that is
Multiply with different modes (map)
1. Performance of sequential execution based vs OpenMP based vector multiply.
2. Comparing various launch configs for CUDA based vector multiply.
Sum with different storage types (reduce)
1. Performance of vector element sum using float vs bfloat16 as the storage type.
Sum with different modes (reduce)
1. Performance of sequential execution based vs OpenMP based vector element sum.
2. Performance of memcpy vs in-place based CUDA based vector element sum.
3. Comparing various launch configs for CUDA based vector element sum (memcpy).
4. Comparing various launch configs for CUDA based vector element sum (in-place).
Sum with in-place strategies of CUDA mode (reduce)
1. Comparing various launch configs for CUDA based vector element sum (in-place).
Data Centers - Striving Within A Narrow Range - Research Report - MCG - May 2...pchutichetpong
M Capital Group (“MCG”) expects to see demand and the changing evolution of supply, facilitated through institutional investment rotation out of offices and into work from home (“WFH”), while the ever-expanding need for data storage as global internet usage expands, with experts predicting 5.3 billion users by 2023. These market factors will be underpinned by technological changes, such as progressing cloud services and edge sites, allowing the industry to see strong expected annual growth of 13% over the next 4 years.
Whilst competitive headwinds remain, represented through the recent second bankruptcy filing of Sungard, which blames “COVID-19 and other macroeconomic trends including delayed customer spending decisions, insourcing and reductions in IT spending, energy inflation and reduction in demand for certain services”, the industry has seen key adjustments, where MCG believes that engineering cost management and technological innovation will be paramount to success.
MCG reports that the more favorable market conditions expected over the next few years, helped by the winding down of pandemic restrictions and a hybrid working environment will be driving market momentum forward. The continuous injection of capital by alternative investment firms, as well as the growing infrastructural investment from cloud service providers and social media companies, whose revenues are expected to grow over 3.6x larger by value in 2026, will likely help propel center provision and innovation. These factors paint a promising picture for the industry players that offset rising input costs and adapt to new technologies.
According to M Capital Group: “Specifically, the long-term cost-saving opportunities available from the rise of remote managing will likely aid value growth for the industry. Through margin optimization and further availability of capital for reinvestment, strong players will maintain their competitive foothold, while weaker players exit the market to balance supply and demand.”
2. Index
• Definition
• Why Parameterized Queries?
• Disadvantages
• Parameterized queries VS Stored Procedures
• Parameterized queries using Vb.net
2
3. Definition
• “Parameterized query (also known as
prepared statement) is a technique of query
execution which separates a query string from
query parameters values”.
3
6. • If the contents of a text field are just passed to
SQL Server and executed, then that text field
can contain a complete new query that does
something totally different.
• A parameter works because it‘s treated as a
literal value rather than executable code. And
it's also checked for type and length.
Why Parameterized Queries Protection against SQL Injection Attack6
7. • A typical SQL injection string would have to be
much longer, and the SqlParameter class
would throw an exception.
Why Parameterized Queries Protection against SQL Injection Attack7
8. Example
• Dynamic Sql Query
• The command built in the application is :
“SELECT * FROM DbCustomers.dbo.Customers WHERE
FirstName = ' “ + @Firstname + “';”
• If we searched a Customer table (first name
column) for this value for this value :
Ali';Truncate Table dbo.Customers;--
Why Parameterized Queries Protection against SQL Injection Attack8
9. • The CommandText will be as shown below
SELECT * FROM DbCustomers.dbo.Customers
WHERE FirstName = 'Ali'; Truncate Table
dbo.Customers;--' ;
Why Parameterized Queries Protection against SQL Injection Attack9
10. • The Command Text is composed of 4 parts:
1. SELECT * FROM DbCustomers.dbo.Customers
WHERE FirstName = 'Ali';
2. Truncate Table dbo.Customers;
3. --' ;
Why Parameterized Queries Protection against SQL Injection Attack10
11. • Parameterized SQL Query
if we made a search on the same value
Ali';Truncate Table dbo.Customer;--
• This value will be passed as a parameter
@FirstName (varchar(255),Text)
Why Parameterized Queries Protection against SQL Injection Attack
11
12. 12 Why Parameterized Queries Protection against SQL Injection Attack
• The command text will be as shown below
•SELECT * FROM DbCustomers.dbo.Customers WHERE
FirstName = @firstname;
13. • [Firstname] will be compared with the value:
“Ali';Truncate Table dbo.Customer;--”
13 Why Parameterized Queries Protection against SQL Injection Attack
15. • From the point of view of a developer, there is
no difference between dynamic and
parameterized queries, but there are many
from the point of view of SQL Server.
Why Parameterized Queries Performance Implications15
16. • When using dynamic queries the entire query
has to be constructed and compiled by SQL
Server every time
• When using parameterized queries SQL Server
generates a query execution plan just once
and then plugs the parameter value into it.
Why Parameterized Queries Performance Implications16
17. Simple Parameterization feature
• In cases in which values are specified explicitly, as
in query below, SQL Server invokes a feature
known as ‘simple parameterization’.
SELECT ZipCode, Latitude, Longitude, City, State,
Country FROM dbo.UsZipCodes WHERE ZipCode =
'54911'
• Simple parameterization is designed to reduce
the resource cost associated with parsing SQL
queries and forming execution plans by
automatically parameterizing queries.
Why Parameterized Queries Performance Implications17
18. Simple Parameterization feature
• With simple parameterization, SQL Server
actually creates two execution plans for this
query.
• The first execution plan is a shell plan
containing a pointer to the second execution
plan.
Why Parameterized Queries Performance Implications18
19. Experiments
• We will show 2 experiments made by David
Berry (worked extensively with both Oracle
and SQL Server with a special interest in
database performance tuning) concerning
performance implications of parameterized
queries.
Why Parameterized Queries Performance Implications19
20. • David berry focused on four different metrics
for the analysis:
– The total elapsed time use to process n queries.
– The total CPU time used by SQL Server to process
n queries.
– The total number of plans in SQL Server’s plan
cache after processing n queries.
– The total amount of memory used by SQL Server’s
plan cache after processing n queries.
Why Parameterized Queries Performance Implications20
21. A Most Basic Query
• We created a table called UsZipCodes that
contains a record for every zip code in the
United States along with the associated city,
state, longitude and latitude. In total, there
are 42,741 rows in the table.
Why Parameterized Queries Performance Implications21
22. • For both dynamic SQL and parameterized SQL,
we will execute a query that selects a single
record from the table by querying on the zip
code itself.
• This query will then be repeated 5000 times
with a different zip code each time.
• Executing this query 5000 times will comprise
a single test run. To make sure the results are
repeatable, we have performed this test 20
times.
Why Parameterized Queries Performance Implications22
23. • Parameterized queries are shown to run about
33% faster than the dynamic SQL queries
• The dynamic SQL uses roughly 3.3 times the
amount of CPU on the database server as the
parameterized query.
• The table below shows the results for the
average of all 20 runs.
Why Parameterized Queries Performance Implications23
24. • SQL Server is using simple parameterization to
automatically parameterize the dynamic SQL.
Inspecting the plan cache data shows that for
dynamic SQL, there are 5000 different shell
plans and a single auto-parameterized
execution plan.
Why Parameterized Queries Performance Implications24
25. Query with a Join and an Order By
• This experiment is using the AdventureWorksLT
database
• Since the AdventureWorksLT contains a small
data sample size, we used a data generator to
insert data into the primary tables in the
database.
• In this test database, the SalesOrderHeader table
contains about 650,000 rows and the
SalesOrderDetail table around 8.5 million rows.
This larger dataset will provide more realistic test
conditions for our test.
Why Parameterized Queries Performance Implications25
26. • Consider the query below:
SELECT h.SalesOrderID, h.OrderDate, h.SubTotal As
OrderSubTotal, p.Name AS ProductName,
d.OrderQty, d.ProductID, d.UnitPrice, d.LineTotal
FROM SalesLT.SalesOrderHeader h
INNER JOIN SalesLT.SalesOrderDetail d
ON h.SalesOrderID = d.SalesOrderID
INNER JOIN SalesLT.Product p
ON d.ProductID = p.ProductID
WHERE h.CustomerID = @customer_id
AND h.OrderDate > @start_date
AND h.OrderDate < @end_date
ORDER BY h.SalesOrderID, d.LineTotal;
Why Parameterized Queries Performance Implications26
27. • the query was executed 100 times. A total of
20 test runs each were conducted. The results
are shown in the table below
• The parameterized version of the query has an
elapsed time that is 10.8% less than its dynamic
SQL counterpart
• The dynamic SQL version of the query uses 3.7
times more CPU than the parameterized version
Why Parameterized Queries Performance Implications27
28. Experiment Conclusion
• The results show that on SQL Server, there is a
measurable performance impact of using
parameterized queries versus dynamic SQL. The
difference in performance can be seen in all every
aspect of performance measured. By choosing
dynamic SQL, an application will see response
times that are slower than if parameterized
queries are used. This will ultimately be reflected
in the response time of the application, perhaps
giving the user the impression that application
performance is sluggish.
Why Parameterized Queries Performance Implications28
30. • Most programmers find parameterized
queries easier to avoid errors when they don‘t
have to keep track of single and double quotes
to construct SQL strings using VB.NET
variables.
Why Parameterized Queries Single and Double quotes problems30
33. • One of the main disadvantages is that since
the queries are embedded into your
application code, you could end up with the
same query in multiple places.
This duplication can be eliminated by creating a
central location to store your queries.
• Query are created for one application.
• DBA have no control over the code which
executes on application, which can be a
unsafe for large databases.
Disadvantages queries are embedded into application code33
35. Parameterized queries
• DBA’s have less control on
queries.
• Parameters can be add
while building query string.
• Good Execution time.
• Used by single application
Stored procedures
• DBA’s have a very good
control on queries
• Fixed parameters number
• Good Execution time.
• Created once used by many
applications
• More secure; queries are
written on the data layer
Parameterized queries VS Stored Procedures35
36. • It’s up to you to choose working with
Parameterized queries or Stored Procedures
(According to the application and data
properties and many other factors…)
36
Parameterized queries VS Stored Procedures
Index
=====
Definition
Why Parameterized Queries?
Protection against SQL Injection Attack
Performance Implications
Single and double quotes Problems
Disadvantages
Queries are embedded into application code
Parameterized queries VS Stored Procedures
Parameterized queries using Vb.net
===============================
Definition Reference:
* Author: Mateusz Zoltak
* URL: http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/RODBCext/vignettes/Parameterized_SQL_queries.html
* Date Posted: 2014-07-04
* Date Retrieved: 2014-09-11