SQL is a standard language for accessing and manipulating databases. It allows users to create, retrieve, update, and delete data as well as manage database schemas. SQL commands include DDL commands like CREATE and ALTER for managing database structures and DML commands like SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE for interacting with data. Writing SQL queries involves specifying elements like SELECT, FROM, WHERE to retrieve relevant data from database tables that are defined with attributes and primary keys.

1. SQL

2. INDEX
• Introduction
• Basic SQL

3. INTRODUCTION
• SQL lets you access and manipulate databases
• SQL became a standard of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
in 1986, and of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in
1987

4. What Can SQL do?
• SQL can create new databases, schemas, Tables
• SQL can insert, Update, Delete records in a database
• SQL can execute queries against a database
• SQL can retrieve data from a database

5. REQUIREMENT FOR USE SQL
• An RDBMS database program (i.e. MS Access,
SQL Server, MySQL)
• To use SQL to get the data you want

6. SOME BASIC
TERMS USED IN
SQL
Database
Schema
Table
Fields
RDBMS

7. KEEP IN MIND THAT...
• SQL keywords are NOT case sensitive.
EX.: select is same as SELECT.
• Some database systems require a semicolon at the end of each SQL
statement.
• Semicolon is the standard way to separate each SQL statement in
database systems that allow more than one SQL statement to be
executed in the same call to the server.

8. SQL COMMANDS
SQL
Commands
DDL
Create, Alter,
Drop, Truncate,
Rename
DML
Select, Insert,
Update,
Delete, Merge
DCL
Grant, Revoke

9. IMPORTANT SQL COMMANDS
•SELECT - extracts data from a database
•UPDATE - updates data in a database
•DELETE - deletes data from a database
•INSERT INTO - inserts new data into a database
•CREATE DATABASE - creates a new database
•ALTER DATABASE - modifies a database
•CREATE TABLE - creates a new table
•ALTER TABLE - modifies a table
•DROP TABLE - deletes a table

10. HOW TO BUILD A QUERY
1 • Select
2 • From
3 • Where
4 • Group by
5 • Having

11. CREATE TABLE MAYUR_UGALE.CORE
(
Employee_ID NUMBER(10) NOT
NULL,
Last_name CHAR(50),
First_name CHAR(50),
Address VARCHAR(100),
CONSTRAINT CORE_PK
PRIMARY KEY ( Employee_ID)
)
Schemma
Table name
Attributes/Fields
Data Types

12. SELECT Last_name,
First_name
FROM CORE
WHERE Employee_ID= 12345
FIELDS
Table name