A sensitive, precise, accurate, simple and rapid spectrophotometric method has been developed for the estimation of Teneligliptin in pharmaceutical formulations and in the drug dosage form. During the course of study, it is observed that acidic solution of the drug formed the oxidation product with Bromate "“ Bromide mixture. This property of the drug is exploited for the development of spectrophotometric method for the determination and analysis of the drug. The oxidation product showed ?max at 250 nm. The linearity range for Teneligliptin is found to be 10 µgml to 250 µgml. Recovery studies gave satisfactory results indicating that none of common additives and excipients interfere the assay method. The molar absorptivity and the sandell sensitivity of the method are evaluated and the values are found to be to be 1.1645×104 lit molecm and 0.0366 µg mlcm2 respectively. I. Lakshmi Prasanna | G. T. Naidu | G. Abdul Huq"Spectrophotometric Oxidation Method for the Determination of Teneligliptin by Using Bromate "“ Bromide Mixture" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-5 , August 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd18253.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/physics/other/18253/spectrophotometric-oxidation-method-for-the-determination-of-teneligliptin-by-using-bromate---bromide-mixture/i-lakshmi-prasanna
Spectrophotometric Determination of Drugs and Pharmaceuticals by Cerium (IV) ...IOSR Journals
Simple, sensitive, accurate, and precise spectrophotometric methods for quantitative determination of drugs, viz., Darifenacin (DAR), Esmolol Hydrochloride (ESM), Montelukast Sodium (MON), Sildenafil citrate (SIL),Terbinafine (TER) and Tramadol Hydrochloride (TRA) were developed. The method of each drug depends upon oxidation of drugs by Ce (IV) (Excess) and estimating the amount of unreacted Ce (IV) by amaranth dye at 523nm. The calibration curves obeyed Beer’s law over the concentration range of 1.4-7.0 μg ml-1 (DAR), 2-14 μg ml-1 (ESM), 2-10 μg ml-1 (MON), 20-70 μg ml-1 (SIL), 3-21 μg ml-1 (TER) & 2-14 μg ml-1 (TRA). The methods have been validated in terms of guidelines of ICH and applied to analysis of pharmaceuticals.
Preparation, In Vitro and In Vivo Characterization of Solid Dispersions of La...iosrphr_editor
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
Formulation and evaluation ofmetformin HCl micro beads by ionotropic gelation...Sagar Savale
The Metformin HCL Micro Beads is formulated by the Ionotropic Gelation Method. The CMC is a Swellable
polymer is responsible for the Sustained release action or activity. A combination of CMC (Carboxy Methyl
Cellulose) and Sodium Alginate shows better sustained release activity. The PreparedSustained released Micro
Beadsis Evaluated In terms of bulk density, tapped density, angle of repose, Carr’s Index, Swelling Index, Drug
Content, % Encapsulation Efficiency and vitro study. The result associated in Optimized batch is good to
Satisfactory and having a good free flowing property. The Drug Content and % Encapsulation Efficiency values are
within the pharmacopeia limit. The in vitro Dissolution studies shows Maximum percentage of release of drug
(71.15) with in end of 4 Hours.
Kinetic Spectrophotometric Determination of Drugs Based On Oxidation by Alkal...IOSR Journals
Simple, accurate and precise spectrophotometic methods for quantitative determination of four drugs viz., Levofloxacin (LEV), Moxifloxacin (MOX), Pseudo Ephidrine (PSE), Torsemide (TOR) have been developed based on oxidation of the drugs by alk.KMnO4. Kinetics of the oxidation reaction is followed spectrophotometrically, as one of the reaction product, Mn(VI), absorbed at 610 nm. Initial rate and fixed time method are used for the construction of calibration curves Beer’s law is obeyed in the range 6.25-37.5 μg ml-1 for LEV; 5-30 μg ml-1 for MOX; 6.25-37.5 μg ml-1 for PSE and 2.5-15 μg ml-1 for TOR. Recovery studies using pure samples and pharmulations in the Beer’s Law limits have been carried out. Excellent recoveries indicate the methods are accurate and precise. The methods have been validated in terms of ICH guidelines. Statistical analysis in terms of student’s t- test and variance F- tests demonstrate high accuracy and precision and suggest the methods can be applied in bulk drug and pharmaceutical industries.
Spectrophotometric Determination of Drugs and Pharmaceuticals by Cerium (IV) ...IOSR Journals
Simple, sensitive, accurate, and precise spectrophotometric methods for quantitative determination of drugs, viz., Darifenacin (DAR), Esmolol Hydrochloride (ESM), Montelukast Sodium (MON), Sildenafil citrate (SIL),Terbinafine (TER) and Tramadol Hydrochloride (TRA) were developed. The method of each drug depends upon oxidation of drugs by Ce (IV) (Excess) and estimating the amount of unreacted Ce (IV) by amaranth dye at 523nm. The calibration curves obeyed Beer’s law over the concentration range of 1.4-7.0 μg ml-1 (DAR), 2-14 μg ml-1 (ESM), 2-10 μg ml-1 (MON), 20-70 μg ml-1 (SIL), 3-21 μg ml-1 (TER) & 2-14 μg ml-1 (TRA). The methods have been validated in terms of guidelines of ICH and applied to analysis of pharmaceuticals.
Preparation, In Vitro and In Vivo Characterization of Solid Dispersions of La...iosrphr_editor
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
Formulation and evaluation ofmetformin HCl micro beads by ionotropic gelation...Sagar Savale
The Metformin HCL Micro Beads is formulated by the Ionotropic Gelation Method. The CMC is a Swellable
polymer is responsible for the Sustained release action or activity. A combination of CMC (Carboxy Methyl
Cellulose) and Sodium Alginate shows better sustained release activity. The PreparedSustained released Micro
Beadsis Evaluated In terms of bulk density, tapped density, angle of repose, Carr’s Index, Swelling Index, Drug
Content, % Encapsulation Efficiency and vitro study. The result associated in Optimized batch is good to
Satisfactory and having a good free flowing property. The Drug Content and % Encapsulation Efficiency values are
within the pharmacopeia limit. The in vitro Dissolution studies shows Maximum percentage of release of drug
(71.15) with in end of 4 Hours.
Kinetic Spectrophotometric Determination of Drugs Based On Oxidation by Alkal...IOSR Journals
Simple, accurate and precise spectrophotometic methods for quantitative determination of four drugs viz., Levofloxacin (LEV), Moxifloxacin (MOX), Pseudo Ephidrine (PSE), Torsemide (TOR) have been developed based on oxidation of the drugs by alk.KMnO4. Kinetics of the oxidation reaction is followed spectrophotometrically, as one of the reaction product, Mn(VI), absorbed at 610 nm. Initial rate and fixed time method are used for the construction of calibration curves Beer’s law is obeyed in the range 6.25-37.5 μg ml-1 for LEV; 5-30 μg ml-1 for MOX; 6.25-37.5 μg ml-1 for PSE and 2.5-15 μg ml-1 for TOR. Recovery studies using pure samples and pharmulations in the Beer’s Law limits have been carried out. Excellent recoveries indicate the methods are accurate and precise. The methods have been validated in terms of ICH guidelines. Statistical analysis in terms of student’s t- test and variance F- tests demonstrate high accuracy and precision and suggest the methods can be applied in bulk drug and pharmaceutical industries.
This is an Engg Biotechnology project based on medicinal plant i.e singapore cherry or jamaican cherry tree (scientific name Muntingia calabure ), we did in 2013 in GMIT college Davangere, karanataka, India. i have complete project detail what we did..,
Spectrophotometric methods for determoination of Proteins Sabahat Ali
Different types of assay are present of determination of proteins
Bicinchoninic acid assay, Biuret protein assay, Lowry test assay, Bradford protein assay & Warburg Christion (A280/A260)
Department of Pharmaceutical Management and Regulatory Affairs, Lachoo Memorial College of Science & Technology, Pharmacy Wing, Jodhpur National University, Rajasthan – 342003
Determination of Satranidazole through Ion-Associative Complex ReactionRatnakaram Venkata Nadh
A simple, selective, accurate and low-cost spectrophotometric method
has been described for determination of satranidazole in bulk and
pharmaceutical formulations. The developed method involves the
formation of chloroform extractable colored ion-association complex
of satranidazole with Tropaeolin OOO (TPooo). The extracted colored
complex showed absorbance maximum at wavelength 484 nm and
obeying Beer′s law in the concentration 4-20 μg mL-1 with the
correlation coeffiecent of 0.9998. The results of statistical analysis of
the proposed method reveals high accuracy and good precession. Thus,
the proposed method can be used commercially for the determination
of satranidazole in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations.
Qualitative tests of proteins, color reaction of proteins,biuret's test, colo...ShwetaMishra115
Qualitative tests of proteins
color reaction of proteins
biuret's test, color reaction of proteins, millon's test, ninhydrin test, qualitative tests of proteins, sakaguchi test, sodium nitroprusside test, xanthoproteic test
Evaluation of antioxidant and antiradical properties of pomegranate (punica g...Pritam Kolge
Evaluation of antioxidant and antiradical properties
of Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) seed and defatted
seed extracts
This is Journal Club activity Presentation with the reference of various research papers.
This Presentation Contain following...
#Info about Paper
#Abstract
#Materials
#Methods
#Results
#Discussion
#Conclusion
#References
*Important Methods used
#Moisture content
#Fat content
#Acid value
#Peroxide value
#Oxidative stability index
#Total phenols content
#Preparation of Pomegranate seed extracts and calculate extract yield
#Evaluation of antioxidant properties of Pomegranate seed extracts using
-DPPH radicals scavenging activity
-FRAP assay
#Antioxidant efficiency of seed extract (Oxidative stability extract)
#Statistical analysis
Journal Club Presentation at Bharati Vidyapeeth College of Pharmacy, Kolhapur.
Thanks for Help and Guidance of Dr. P. B. Choudhari (Assistant Professor, Pharmaceutical Chemistry) and Dr. A. J. Shinde (Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmaceutics)
Determination of Total Protein Using the LAMBDA UV/Vis SpectrophotometerPerkinElmer, Inc.
The Lowry and Biuret methods are standard methods for protein quantification. Though the latter is more sensitive and is used for investigative work, it is limited by (1) poor stability of the combined reagent, (2) non-reproducibility of color, especially at low protein concentrations, and (3) a non-linear chromogenic response with protein concentration. Ohnishi and Barr1 modified and simplified the Biuret combined reagent for the Lowry procedure and at the same time improved its stability. This application note describes the modified Lowry procedure for protein analysis.
Development and Validation of an RP HPLC Method for Analysis of Sitagliptinijtsrd
Sitagliptin is a drug used against type 2 diabetes mellitus and it is a member of class of anti diabetic drugs known as dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors or gliptins . A simple, sensitive and accurate RP HPLC method has been developed for the determination of Sitagliptin in bulk formulation. The max of the Sitagliptin was found to be 267nm in Methanol phosphate buffer 10mM pH 4.8 60 40 v v . The method shows high sensitivity with linearity 10 to 50µg ml regression equation y = 45765x 239272 r2 = 0.9996 . The various parameters according to ICH guidelines and USP are followed for validating and testing of this method. The Detection limit and quantitation limit were found to be 0.743 µg ml-1 and 2.25µgml-1 respectively. The results demonstrated that the procedure is accurate, specific and reproducible RSD 2 , and also being simple, cheap and less time consuming and appropriate for the determination of Sitagliptin in bulk and pharmaceutical formulation. Pradnya Lokhande "Development and Validation of an RP-HPLC Method for Analysis of Sitagliptin" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29214.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/chemistry/analytical-chemistry/29214/development-and-validation-of-an-rp-hplc-method-for-analysis-of-sitagliptin/pradnya-lokhande
This is an Engg Biotechnology project based on medicinal plant i.e singapore cherry or jamaican cherry tree (scientific name Muntingia calabure ), we did in 2013 in GMIT college Davangere, karanataka, India. i have complete project detail what we did..,
Spectrophotometric methods for determoination of Proteins Sabahat Ali
Different types of assay are present of determination of proteins
Bicinchoninic acid assay, Biuret protein assay, Lowry test assay, Bradford protein assay & Warburg Christion (A280/A260)
Department of Pharmaceutical Management and Regulatory Affairs, Lachoo Memorial College of Science & Technology, Pharmacy Wing, Jodhpur National University, Rajasthan – 342003
Determination of Satranidazole through Ion-Associative Complex ReactionRatnakaram Venkata Nadh
A simple, selective, accurate and low-cost spectrophotometric method
has been described for determination of satranidazole in bulk and
pharmaceutical formulations. The developed method involves the
formation of chloroform extractable colored ion-association complex
of satranidazole with Tropaeolin OOO (TPooo). The extracted colored
complex showed absorbance maximum at wavelength 484 nm and
obeying Beer′s law in the concentration 4-20 μg mL-1 with the
correlation coeffiecent of 0.9998. The results of statistical analysis of
the proposed method reveals high accuracy and good precession. Thus,
the proposed method can be used commercially for the determination
of satranidazole in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations.
Qualitative tests of proteins, color reaction of proteins,biuret's test, colo...ShwetaMishra115
Qualitative tests of proteins
color reaction of proteins
biuret's test, color reaction of proteins, millon's test, ninhydrin test, qualitative tests of proteins, sakaguchi test, sodium nitroprusside test, xanthoproteic test
Evaluation of antioxidant and antiradical properties of pomegranate (punica g...Pritam Kolge
Evaluation of antioxidant and antiradical properties
of Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) seed and defatted
seed extracts
This is Journal Club activity Presentation with the reference of various research papers.
This Presentation Contain following...
#Info about Paper
#Abstract
#Materials
#Methods
#Results
#Discussion
#Conclusion
#References
*Important Methods used
#Moisture content
#Fat content
#Acid value
#Peroxide value
#Oxidative stability index
#Total phenols content
#Preparation of Pomegranate seed extracts and calculate extract yield
#Evaluation of antioxidant properties of Pomegranate seed extracts using
-DPPH radicals scavenging activity
-FRAP assay
#Antioxidant efficiency of seed extract (Oxidative stability extract)
#Statistical analysis
Journal Club Presentation at Bharati Vidyapeeth College of Pharmacy, Kolhapur.
Thanks for Help and Guidance of Dr. P. B. Choudhari (Assistant Professor, Pharmaceutical Chemistry) and Dr. A. J. Shinde (Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmaceutics)
Determination of Total Protein Using the LAMBDA UV/Vis SpectrophotometerPerkinElmer, Inc.
The Lowry and Biuret methods are standard methods for protein quantification. Though the latter is more sensitive and is used for investigative work, it is limited by (1) poor stability of the combined reagent, (2) non-reproducibility of color, especially at low protein concentrations, and (3) a non-linear chromogenic response with protein concentration. Ohnishi and Barr1 modified and simplified the Biuret combined reagent for the Lowry procedure and at the same time improved its stability. This application note describes the modified Lowry procedure for protein analysis.
Development and Validation of an RP HPLC Method for Analysis of Sitagliptinijtsrd
Sitagliptin is a drug used against type 2 diabetes mellitus and it is a member of class of anti diabetic drugs known as dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors or gliptins . A simple, sensitive and accurate RP HPLC method has been developed for the determination of Sitagliptin in bulk formulation. The max of the Sitagliptin was found to be 267nm in Methanol phosphate buffer 10mM pH 4.8 60 40 v v . The method shows high sensitivity with linearity 10 to 50µg ml regression equation y = 45765x 239272 r2 = 0.9996 . The various parameters according to ICH guidelines and USP are followed for validating and testing of this method. The Detection limit and quantitation limit were found to be 0.743 µg ml-1 and 2.25µgml-1 respectively. The results demonstrated that the procedure is accurate, specific and reproducible RSD 2 , and also being simple, cheap and less time consuming and appropriate for the determination of Sitagliptin in bulk and pharmaceutical formulation. Pradnya Lokhande "Development and Validation of an RP-HPLC Method for Analysis of Sitagliptin" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29214.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/chemistry/analytical-chemistry/29214/development-and-validation-of-an-rp-hplc-method-for-analysis-of-sitagliptin/pradnya-lokhande
Method Development and Validation of Clopidogrel Bisulphate by Reverse Phase-...SriramNagarajan15
A new, simple sensitive, rapid, accurate and precise RP-HPLC method was developed for the estimation of Clopidogrel bisulphate in bulk drug and pharmaceutical formulation. Clopidogrel bisulphate was chromatographed on a reverse phase C18column (150 mm x 4.5 mm, i.d 5μm) in a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and phosphate buffer (pH: 3.0) in the ratio of 60:40 % v/v. The mobile phase was pumped at a flow rate of 1 ml/min with detection at 224 nm. The detector response was linear in the concentration of 50-150 μg /ml. The limit of detection and limit of quantitation was found to be 1.3 and 4.2 µg/ml, respectively. The intra and inter day variation was found to be less than 2%. The mean recovery of the drug from the solution was 99.79%. The proposed method is simple, fast, accurate, precise and reproducible hence, it can be applied for routine quality control analysis of Clopidogrel bisulphate in bulk drug and pharmaceutical formulation. Key words: Clopidogrel bisulphate, RP-HPLC, Validation, Accuracy, Precision.
Method Development and Validation of Clopidogrel Bisulphate by Reverse Phase-...SriramNagarajan15
A new, simple sensitive, rapid, accurate and precise RP-HPLC method was developed for the estimation of Clopidogrel bisulphate in bulk drug and pharmaceutical formulation. Clopidogrel bisulphate was chromatographed on a reverse phase C18column (150 mm x 4.5 mm, i.d 5μm) in a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and phosphate buffer (pH: 3.0) in the ratio of 60:40 % v/v. The mobile phase was pumped at a flow rate of 1 ml/min with detection at 224 nm. The detector response was linear in the concentration of 50-150 μg /ml. The limit of detection and limit of quantitation was found to be 1.3 and 4.2 µg/ml, respectively. The intra and inter day variation was found to be less than 2%. The mean recovery of the drug from the solution was 99.79%. The proposed method is simple, fast, accurate, precise and reproducible hence, it can be applied for routine quality control analysis of Clopidogrel bisulphate in bulk drug and pharmaceutical formulation. Key words: Clopidogrel bisulphate, RP-HPLC, Validation, Accuracy, Precision.
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR), www.iosrphr.org, call for paper, research...iosrphr_editor
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR), www.iosrphr.org, call for paper, research paper publishing, where to publish research paper, journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call for research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, call for paper 2012, journal of pharmacy, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, research and review articles, Pharmacy journal, International Journal of Pharmacy, hard copy of journal, hard copy of certificates, online Submission, where to publish research paper, journal publishing, international journal, publishing a paper
Analytical Method Development and Validation of Metformin Hydrochloride by us...ijtsrd
A simple and reproducible method was developed for Metformin MET by Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography RP HPLC . Metformin was separated on C18 column 4.6x250mm, particle size 5µm , using combination of phosphate buffer with pH of 3.0 and Methanol at the UV detection of 238nm. Isocratic elution of phosphate buffer with pH of 3.0 and Methanol was used as a mobile phase with various ratios and flow rates, eventually 30 70 v v phosphate buffer with pH of 3.0 and Methanol was being set with the flow rate of 1mL min. The statistical validation parameters such as linearity, accuracy, precision, inter day and intra day variation were checked, assay studies of Metformin were within 98 to 102 indicating that the proposed method can be adoptable for quality control analysis of Metformin. Mr. Nilesh Nikam | Dr. Avish Maru | Dr. Anil Jadhav | Dr. Prashant Malpure ""Analytical Method Development and Validation of Metformin Hydrochloride by using RP-HPLC with ICH Guidelines"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd22812.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/analytical-chemistry/22812/analytical-method-development-and-validation-of-metformin-hydrochloride-by-using-rp-hplc-with-ich-guidelines/mr-nilesh-nikam
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Spectrophotometric Oxidation Method for the Determination of Teneligliptin by Using Bromate - Bromide Mixture
1. @ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com
ISSN No: 2456
International
Research
Spectrophotometric Oxidation
Teneligliptin by Using Bromate
I. Lakshmi Prasanna
1
Research Scholar, Department of Physics, Rayala
2
Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Maulana Azad National Urd
ABSTRACT
A sensitive, precise, accurate, simple and rapid
spectrophotometric method has been developed for
the estimation of Teneligliptin in pharmaceutical
formulations and in the drug dosage form. During the
course of study, it is observed that acidic solution of
the drug formed the oxidation product with Bromate
Bromide mixture. This property of the drug is
exploited for the development of spectrophotometric
method for the determination and analysis of the drug.
The oxidation product showed λmax at 250 nm. The
linearity range for Teneligliptin is found to be 10
µg/ml to 250 µg/ml. Recovery studies gave
satisfactory results indicating that none of common
additives and excipients interfere the assay method.
The molar absorptivity and the sandell sensitivity of
the method are evaluated and the values are found to
be to be 1.1645×104 lit/ mole/cm and 0.0366
ml/cm2 respectively.
KEYWORDS: Spectrophotometry, Teneligliptin,
Bromate-Bromide oxidant, Pharmaceutical
formulations
1. INTRODUCTION
A novel class of compounds which revolutionized the
treatment of diabetes in the recent past is
Dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors which are
widely known as Gliptins. Teneligliptin hydrobromide
hydrate is a novel, potent peptidomimetric and long
acting DPP-4 inhibitor is the approved drug for the
treatment of type 2 Diabetes Milletus (T2DM).
Teneligliptin is chemically {(2S,4S)-4
1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl) piperazin-1-
2-yl}(1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl) methanone hemipenta
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 5 | Jul-Aug 2018
ISSN No: 2456 - 6470 | www.ijtsrd.com | Volume
International Journal of Trend in Scientific
Research and Development (IJTSRD)
International Open Access Journal
rophotometric Oxidation Method for the Determination of
y Using Bromate – Bromide Mixture
I. Lakshmi Prasanna1
, G. T. Naidu1
, G. Abdul Huq2
of Physics, Rayalaseema University, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh
Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Maulana Azad National Urd
Hyderabad, Telangana, India
A sensitive, precise, accurate, simple and rapid
spectrophotometric method has been developed for
the estimation of Teneligliptin in pharmaceutical
formulations and in the drug dosage form. During the
it is observed that acidic solution of
the drug formed the oxidation product with Bromate –
Bromide mixture. This property of the drug is
exploited for the development of spectrophotometric
method for the determination and analysis of the drug.
max at 250 nm. The
linearity range for Teneligliptin is found to be 10
g/ml. Recovery studies gave
satisfactory results indicating that none of common
additives and excipients interfere the assay method.
vity and the sandell sensitivity of
the method are evaluated and the values are found to
be to be 1.1645×104 lit/ mole/cm and 0.0366 µg/
Spectrophotometry, Teneligliptin,
Bromide oxidant, Pharmaceutical
A novel class of compounds which revolutionized the
treatment of diabetes in the recent past is
4) inhibitors which are
widely known as Gliptins. Teneligliptin hydrobromide
hydrate is a novel, potent peptidomimetric and long
4 inhibitor is the approved drug for the
treatment of type 2 Diabetes Milletus (T2DM).
4-[4-(3-methyl-
-yl] pyrrolidin-
yl) methanone hemipenta
bromide hydrate, the structure of which is as shown in
Figure 1.
Figure 1: Structure of Teneliglipti
It is a unique structure characterized by five
consecutive rings. Recent studies have shown that the
drug exhibits multiple pharmaceutical effects which
include vasoprotective, neuro protective
Teneligliptin which inhibits the enzyme DPP
degrades incretin, a hormone which adjusts blood
glucose level and improves blood glucose control. A
survey of chemical literature has shown that the drug
Teneligliptin is effectively used to treat Type 2
diabetes mellitus[1-7]
(T2DM). Further it is no
only a very few methods on the development and
validation for the estimation of Teneligliptin are
reported which include UV spectrophotometric
methods[8-10]
and High Performance Thin Layer
Chromatographic (HPTLC) method
much attention has been given to develop newer
analytical UV spectrophotometric methods for the
quantitative determination of such an effective and
potential anti diabetic drug in the dosage form and in
the pharmaceutical formulations form, the author is
prompted to take up this study and develop suitable
new, rapid, sensitive, precise and accurate method for
Aug 2018 Page: 2094
6470 | www.ijtsrd.com | Volume - 2 | Issue – 5
Scientific
(IJTSRD)
International Open Access Journal
Method for the Determination of
Bromide Mixture
, Andhra Pradesh, India
Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Maulana Azad National Urdu University,
bromide hydrate, the structure of which is as shown in
Figure 1: Structure of Teneligliptin
It is a unique structure characterized by five
consecutive rings. Recent studies have shown that the
drug exhibits multiple pharmaceutical effects which
include vasoprotective, neuro protective effects etc.
Teneligliptin which inhibits the enzyme DPP-4 and
degrades incretin, a hormone which adjusts blood
glucose level and improves blood glucose control. A
survey of chemical literature has shown that the drug
Teneligliptin is effectively used to treat Type 2
(T2DM). Further it is noticed that
only a very few methods on the development and
validation for the estimation of Teneligliptin are
reported which include UV spectrophotometric
and High Performance Thin Layer
Chromatographic (HPTLC) method[10]
. Since not
tion has been given to develop newer
analytical UV spectrophotometric methods for the
quantitative determination of such an effective and
potential anti diabetic drug in the dosage form and in
the pharmaceutical formulations form, the author is
take up this study and develop suitable
new, rapid, sensitive, precise and accurate method for
2. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456
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the determination of Megagliptin. The results
obtained in the present investigations are
communicated in this paper.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Instrumentation: A single beam spectrophotometer
Model SP-UV200 with 1 cm matched quartz cuvettes
is employed throughout the study for all opticometric
measurements.
Preparation of Reagents and Solutions:
Teneligliptin solution:
50 mg of pure Teneligliptin is dissolved in
and the volume of the resulting solution is
the mark in the 50 ml standard flask with methanol.
This is used as the stock solution of the drug. The
working solution with concentration 50
drug is prepared by suitably diluting the stock solution
as and when required.
5M HCL solution:
425 ml of Conc. Hydrochloric acid (Merck) is diluted
to 1000 ml with distilled water to get about
Hydrochloric Acid solution.
Bromate - Bromide Mixture preparation:
0.835 g of Potassium Bromate and 6 g of Potassium
Bromide are dissolved in distilled water and diluted to
one litre. The solution is appropriately diluted to get
10 µg/ml with respect to Potassium Bromate.
Methyl Orange solution:
50 mg of Methyl Orange is dissolved in 50 ml water
and is diluted to get 50 µg/ml.
All other chemical substances and reagents employed
in the present investigations are of AR Grade only.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:
Teneligliptin when treated with Bromate
mixture with Methyl Orange as an indicator forms an
oxidation reaction. This oxidation formation reaction
is spectrophotometrically monitored to develop a
method for the determination of the drug. In the
process of carrying out detailed investigati
all, optimisation of various parameters such as the
wavelength of maximum absorbance (λ
of the concentration of oxidizing agent Bromate
Bromide mixture and an indicator Methyl Orange on
the absorbance of the oxidation are est
the procedures adopted in each case are described as
follows:
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the determination of Megagliptin. The results
obtained in the present investigations are
single beam spectrophotometer
UV200 with 1 cm matched quartz cuvettes
is employed throughout the study for all opticometric
Preparation of Reagents and Solutions:-
50 mg of pure Teneligliptin is dissolved in methanol
and the volume of the resulting solution is adjusted to
the mark in the 50 ml standard flask with methanol.
of the drug. The
working solution with concentration 50 µg/ml of the
ng the stock solution
425 ml of Conc. Hydrochloric acid (Merck) is diluted
to 1000 ml with distilled water to get about 5 M
Bromide Mixture preparation:
mate and 6 g of Potassium
Bromide are dissolved in distilled water and diluted to
one litre. The solution is appropriately diluted to get
g/ml with respect to Potassium Bromate.
50 mg of Methyl Orange is dissolved in 50 ml water
All other chemical substances and reagents employed
in the present investigations are of AR Grade only.
Teneligliptin when treated with Bromate - Bromide
mixture with Methyl Orange as an indicator forms an
oxidation reaction. This oxidation formation reaction
is spectrophotometrically monitored to develop a
method for the determination of the drug. In the
process of carrying out detailed investigations, first of
all, optimisation of various parameters such as the
wavelength of maximum absorbance (λmax), the effect
of the concentration of oxidizing agent Bromate -
Bromide mixture and an indicator Methyl Orange on
the absorbance of the oxidation are established and
the procedures adopted in each case are described as
Absorption Spectrum of Oxidation reaction:
The absorption spectrum of the oxidation reaction
formed between Teneligliptin and Bromate
mixture is obtained in order to fix t
maximum absorbance in the present study. The
experimental procedure adopted is as follows:
1 ml of Teneligliptin solution (50
HCl, 1 ml of Bromate-Bromide mixture, 1 ml of
Methyl Orange(50 µg/ml) is taken in a 10 ml st
flask. The resulting solution is made up to the mark
with distilled water. The contents of the flask are
shaken well and allowed to stand for a minute for
equilibration. Then the absorbance values of the
oxidation reaction formed are measured in the
wavelength range 190 nm to 310 nm against the
reagent blank. The results obtained are used to draw a
graph between the wavelength and the absorbance
values. This graphical representation is called the
Absorption spectrum which is shown in figure 2
below.
Fig.2: Absorption Spectrum of Oxidation reaction
of Teneligliptin with Bromate
It is seen from the above Fig.2 of the absorption
spectrum, that the maximum absorbance is obtained at
250 nm. Hence for all further studies, the
250 nm is fixed.
Effect of Bromate-Bromide:
The effect of Bromate-Bromide mixture on the
absorbance of the oxidation reaction is studied by
taking varying volumes (x ml) of Bromate
a series of 10 ml standard flasks. After taking x ml
(0.5 ml to 2.5 ml) of Bromate
each flask, 1ml of 5M HCl, 1 ml of drug solution of
Teneligliptin, 1 ml of Methyl Orange (50
added and the resulting solution is made up to 10 ml
using distilled water. The absorbance of each sol
is recorded at 250 nm against a suitable blank and is
as shown in Table 1 below.
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
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Absorption Spectrum of Oxidation reaction:
absorption spectrum of the oxidation reaction
formed between Teneligliptin and Bromate –Bromide
mixture is obtained in order to fix the wavelength of
maximum absorbance in the present study. The
experimental procedure adopted is as follows:
1 ml of Teneligliptin solution (50 µg/ml), 1 ml of 5M
Bromide mixture, 1 ml of
g/ml) is taken in a 10 ml standard
flask. The resulting solution is made up to the mark
with distilled water. The contents of the flask are
shaken well and allowed to stand for a minute for
equilibration. Then the absorbance values of the
oxidation reaction formed are measured in the
wavelength range 190 nm to 310 nm against the
reagent blank. The results obtained are used to draw a
graph between the wavelength and the absorbance
values. This graphical representation is called the
Absorption spectrum which is shown in figure 2
Absorption Spectrum of Oxidation reaction
of Teneligliptin with Bromate- Bromide Mixture
It is seen from the above Fig.2 of the absorption
spectrum, that the maximum absorbance is obtained at
250 nm. Hence for all further studies, the wavelength
Bromide mixture on the
absorbance of the oxidation reaction is studied by
taking varying volumes (x ml) of Bromate-Bromide in
a series of 10 ml standard flasks. After taking x ml
(0.5 ml to 2.5 ml) of Bromate-Bromide mixture in
each flask, 1ml of 5M HCl, 1 ml of drug solution of
Teneligliptin, 1 ml of Methyl Orange (50 µg/ml) are
added and the resulting solution is made up to 10 ml
using distilled water. The absorbance of each solution
is recorded at 250 nm against a suitable blank and is
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Table 1: Effect of Bromate
1 ml Teneligliptin (50 µg/ml) + x ml (0.5 ml to 2.5 ml) of Bromate
of Methyl Orange solution (50 µg/ml) + 1 ml of 5M HCl + (7
ml each.
S.
No
Vol. of
Teneligliptin (50
µg/ml) in ml
Vol. of Brom
Bromide Solution
(10µg/ml) x ml
1 1.0 0.5
2 1.0 1.0
3 1.0 1.5
4 1.0 2.0
5 1.0 2.5
It is observed that 2 ml of Bromate-Bromide mixture solution is required for maximum absorbance. Hence for
all further studies a volume of 2 ml of Bromate
Effect of volume of Methyl Orange:
The effect of Methyl Orange on the absorbance of oxidation is studied by taking varying volumes of (x ml) of
Methyl orange solution in a series of 10 ml standard flasks keeping the volume of Teneliglip
1 ml. To each flask 1 ml of 5M HCl and 2 ml of Bromate
addition of distilled water to make up each 10 ml flask to mark. The absorbance of each solution is recorded at
250 nm against the suitable blank and is as shown in Table 2 below.
Table 2:
1 ml Teneligliptin (50 µg/ml) + x ml (0.5 ml to 2.5 ml) of Methyl Orange solution (50µg/ml) + 2ml of
Bromate-Bromide mixture solution (10µg/ml)
kept at 10 ml each.
S.
No
Vol. of
Teneliglipt-in(50
µg/ml) in ml
Vol. of
Methyl
Ora
-nge solu
-tion (50
µg/ml) x
ml
1 1.0 0.5
2 1.0 1.0
3 1.0 1.5
4 1.0 2.0
5 1.0 2.5
It is observed that 1.0 ml of Methyl Orange solution is necessary to achieve maximum absorbance. Hence for
all further studies a volume of 1.0 ml of Methyl Orange solution is
Effect of concentration of Drug Teneligliptin:
This study pertains to the effect of the drug Teneligliptin concentration on the absorbance of the Oxidation
reaction under the established optimal experimental conditions. The recommended procedure for the calibration
curve and for the obedience of Beer-Lambert’s Law for the quantitative spectrophotometric determination of
the drug Teneligliptin is as follows.
Calibration Curve: Obedience of Beer
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Effect of Bromate-Bromide on Oxidation
g/ml) + x ml (0.5 ml to 2.5 ml) of Bromate-Bromide mixture solution (10µg/ml) + 1ml
+ 1 ml of 5M HCl + (7-x) ml distilled water = Total volume kept at 10
Vol. of Bromate-
Bromide Solution
x ml
Vol. of
Methyl
Orange (50
µg/ml)in ml
Vol.
of 5M
HCl
Vol. of
distilled
water in ml
(7-x)
1.0 1.0 6.5
1.0 1.0 6.0
1.0 1.0 5.5
1.0 1.0 5.0
1.0 1.0 4.5
Bromide mixture solution is required for maximum absorbance. Hence for
all further studies a volume of 2 ml of Bromate-Bromide mixture solution is fixed.
The effect of Methyl Orange on the absorbance of oxidation is studied by taking varying volumes of (x ml) of
Methyl orange solution in a series of 10 ml standard flasks keeping the volume of Teneliglip
1 ml. To each flask 1 ml of 5M HCl and 2 ml of Bromate-Bromide mixture solution are added followed by the
addition of distilled water to make up each 10 ml flask to mark. The absorbance of each solution is recorded at
he suitable blank and is as shown in Table 2 below.
Effect of Methyl Orange on Oxidation
g/ml) + x ml (0.5 ml to 2.5 ml) of Methyl Orange solution (50µg/ml) + 2ml of
Bromide mixture solution (10µg/ml) + 1 ml of 5M HCl + (6-x) ml distilled water = Total volume
Vol. of Bromate
Bromide
(10µg/ml)in ml
Vol.of
5M HCl
in ml
Vol. of
distilled
water in
ml(6-x)
2.0 1.0 5.5
2.0 1.0 5.0
2.0 1.0 4.5
2.0 1.0 4.0
2.0 1.0 3.5
It is observed that 1.0 ml of Methyl Orange solution is necessary to achieve maximum absorbance. Hence for
all further studies a volume of 1.0 ml of Methyl Orange solution is required.
Effect of concentration of Drug Teneligliptin:
This study pertains to the effect of the drug Teneligliptin concentration on the absorbance of the Oxidation
reaction under the established optimal experimental conditions. The recommended procedure for the calibration
ambert’s Law for the quantitative spectrophotometric determination of
Calibration Curve: Obedience of Beer - Lambert’s Law:
(IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
Aug 2018 Page: 2096
Bromide mixture solution (10µg/ml) + 1ml
x) ml distilled water = Total volume kept at 10
λmax = 250 nm.
water in ml
Total vol.
in each
flask in
ml
Absorb
-ance
10 0.056
10 0.094
10 0.107
10 0.118
10 0.101
Bromide mixture solution is required for maximum absorbance. Hence for
The effect of Methyl Orange on the absorbance of oxidation is studied by taking varying volumes of (x ml) of
Methyl orange solution in a series of 10 ml standard flasks keeping the volume of Teneligliptin solution fixed at
Bromide mixture solution are added followed by the
addition of distilled water to make up each 10 ml flask to mark. The absorbance of each solution is recorded at
g/ml) + x ml (0.5 ml to 2.5 ml) of Methyl Orange solution (50µg/ml) + 2ml of
x) ml distilled water = Total volume
λmax = 250 nm.
Total vol.
in each
flask in
ml
Absorb
-ance
10 0.038
10 0.065
10 0.047
10 0.043
10 0.063
It is observed that 1.0 ml of Methyl Orange solution is necessary to achieve maximum absorbance. Hence for
This study pertains to the effect of the drug Teneligliptin concentration on the absorbance of the Oxidation
reaction under the established optimal experimental conditions. The recommended procedure for the calibration
ambert’s Law for the quantitative spectrophotometric determination of
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Various aliquots (x ml i.e., 0.5 ml to 2.5 ml) of Teneligliptin
standard flask. To each flask, 1.0 ml of Methyl Orange solution, 2.0 ml of Bromate
1 ml of 5M HCl are added followed by (6
each case at 10 ml. The contents of each flask are shaken well and allowed to stand for a minute for
equilibration. The absorbance of each solution is measured at 250 nm against a suitable reagent blank which is
prepared in a similar manner but devoid of drug solution and is as shown in Table 3 below.
Table 3: Calibration Curve
x ml of Teneligliptin (50 µg/ml) + 1 ml of Methyl Orange solution(50µg/ml) + 2 ml of Bromate
mixture solution (10µg/ml) + 1 ml of 5M HCl + (6
λmax = 250 nm.
Fig.3 Calibration curve –Verification of Beer
Lambert’s Law
It is obviously clear from this calibration straight line
as shown in above Fig.3 that the absorbance values
increased linearly with the increase in the amount of
the drug. This verifies the Beer-Lambert’s Law and
suggests that the method can be successfully
employed for the spectrophotometric quantitative
determination of the drug Teneligliptin in the range 10
µg/ml to 250 µg/ml. The molar absorptivitiy and the
Sandell Sensitivity of the method are found to be
1.1645×104
lit/ mole/cm and 0.0366
respectively.
S.N
o
Vol. in ml
Teneligliptin
(50 µg/ml) x
ml
Amount of
Teneligliptin in
µg/ml
1 0.5 50
2 1.0 100
3 1.5 150
4 2.0 200
5 2.5 250
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Various aliquots (x ml i.e., 0.5 ml to 2.5 ml) of Teneligliptin solution (50 µg/ml) are taken in a series of 10 ml
standard flask. To each flask, 1.0 ml of Methyl Orange solution, 2.0 ml of Bromate-Bromide mixture solution,
1 ml of 5M HCl are added followed by (6-x) ml of distilled water are added so as to make th
each case at 10 ml. The contents of each flask are shaken well and allowed to stand for a minute for
equilibration. The absorbance of each solution is measured at 250 nm against a suitable reagent blank which is
er but devoid of drug solution and is as shown in Table 3 below.
Calibration Curve – Obedience of Beer- Lambert’s Law
g/ml) + 1 ml of Methyl Orange solution(50µg/ml) + 2 ml of Bromate
+ 1 ml of 5M HCl + (6-x) ml distilled water = Total volume kept at 10 ml each
Verification of Beer-
It is obviously clear from this calibration straight line
shown in above Fig.3 that the absorbance values
increased linearly with the increase in the amount of
Lambert’s Law and
suggests that the method can be successfully
employed for the spectrophotometric quantitative
tion of the drug Teneligliptin in the range 10
The molar absorptivitiy and the
Sandell Sensitivity of the method are found to be
lit/ mole/cm and 0.0366 µg/ ml/cm2
Assay of Teneligliptin drug in pharmaceutical
formulations: -
The recommended procedure for the quantitative
micro determination of Teneligliptin drug is applied
for the assay of the drug in the dosage form of the
commercial tablets and also in pharmaceutical
formulations. The assay is carried out a
20 tablets of Teneligliptin are weighed and finely
powdered. An accurately weighed portion of the
powdered sample equivalent to 50 mg of Teneligliptin
is taken in a 50 ml volumetric flask containing 25 ml
of methanol and is sonicated for about
The resultant solution is filtered through Whatman
filter paper No.41 into another 50 ml volumetric flask.
The filter paper is washed several times with
methanol and the washings are added to filtrate. The
final volume is made upto the mark
Now, 5 ml of filtrate of the sample solution is diluted
to 10 ml with methanol and treated as per the
recommended procedure of calibration. From this,
the amount of the drug present in the sample is
computed from the calibration curve. Th
obtained are as shown in Table 4 below.
Amount of
Teneligliptin in
Vol. of
Methyl
Orange
(50 µg/ml)
in ml
Vol. of
Bromate-
Bromide
(10µg/ml)
in ml
Vol.
of
5M
HCl
in ml
Vol. of
distilled
water in
ml (6
1.0 2.0 1.0 5.5
1.0 2.0 1.0 5.0
1.0 2.0 1.0 4.5
1.0 2.0 1.0 4.0
1.0 2.0 1.0 3.5
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
Aug 2018 Page: 2097
g/ml) are taken in a series of 10 ml
Bromide mixture solution,
x) ml of distilled water are added so as to make the total volume in
each case at 10 ml. The contents of each flask are shaken well and allowed to stand for a minute for
equilibration. The absorbance of each solution is measured at 250 nm against a suitable reagent blank which is
er but devoid of drug solution and is as shown in Table 3 below.
Lambert’s Law
g/ml) + 1 ml of Methyl Orange solution(50µg/ml) + 2 ml of Bromate-Bromide
x) ml distilled water = Total volume kept at 10 ml each.
Assay of Teneligliptin drug in pharmaceutical
The recommended procedure for the quantitative
micro determination of Teneligliptin drug is applied
for the assay of the drug in the dosage form of the
commercial tablets and also in pharmaceutical
formulations. The assay is carried out as follows:
20 tablets of Teneligliptin are weighed and finely
powdered. An accurately weighed portion of the
powdered sample equivalent to 50 mg of Teneligliptin
is taken in a 50 ml volumetric flask containing 25 ml
of methanol and is sonicated for about 20 minutes.
The resultant solution is filtered through Whatman
filter paper No.41 into another 50 ml volumetric flask.
The filter paper is washed several times with
methanol and the washings are added to filtrate. The
final volume is made upto the mark with methanol.
Now, 5 ml of filtrate of the sample solution is diluted
to 10 ml with methanol and treated as per the
recommended procedure of calibration. From this,
the amount of the drug present in the sample is
computed from the calibration curve. The results
obtained are as shown in Table 4 below.
Vol. of
distilled
water in
ml (6-x)
Total
vol.in
each
flask in
ml
Abso
rb
-ance
5.5 10 0.067
5.0 10 0.115
4.5 10 0.163
4.0 10 0.212
3.5 10 0.273
5. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
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Table 4: Assay of Teneligliptin in Tablets
Sample
Labelled amount
in mg
Amount found by present
method ±SD*
Percentage of Label
claim
*
tcal
%
RSD
Tablet I 20 20.032±0.13 100.032 0.5351 0.6681
Tablet II 20 20.022±0.12 100.022 0.3977 0.6180
* Average of 5 determinations based on label claim.
CONCLUSION:
The calibration curve is linear up to 250 µg/ml
indicating the suitability of the proposed method for
the spectrophotometric determination of Teneligliptin
in the range of 10 µg/ml to 250 µg/ml. The standard
deviation values are found to be low showing high
accuracy and reproducibility of the method. The
calculated `t’ values are less than the `t’ theoretical
values with 4 degrees of freedom at 95% level of
significance. This indicates that there is no significant
difference between the proposed method and the
standard method. Further, there is no effect of
additives and excipients such as starch, calcium
lactose and glucose in the concentration of those
present in general pharmaceutical preparations. Thus
the proposed method can be conveniently adopted for
the routine analysis of estimation of Teneligliptin in
pharmaceutical formulations.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS:
The author (ILP) expresses her grateful thanks to the
authorities of the Departments of Physics and
Chemistry of Rayalaseema University, Kurnool, the
Central Instrumentation Cell of Prof. T Jayashankar
Telangana State Agricultural University, Hyderabad
for providing necessary facilities.
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