This study examines the factors that influence the profitability of non-commercial bank financial institutions (NCBFIs) in Malaysia. The authors develop a linear regression model to analyze the relationship between NCBFI profitability and institution-specific and macroeconomic determinants. The results show that larger NCBFIs and those with lower proportions of risky loans tend to be more profitable. Specifically, total assets and loan to total assets ratio were found to positively and negatively impact profitability, respectively. The findings provide insights for policymakers, industry leaders, and managers on improving efficiency and competitiveness of Malaysia's financial sector.