Full download : http://alibabadownload.com/product/south-western-federal-taxation-2011-comprehensive-34th-edition-hoffman-test-bank/ South Western Federal Taxation 2011 Comprehensive 34th Edition Hoffman Test Bank
THE MILLEPROROGHE WHAT IT IS WHAT IT CONTAINS AND CURIOUS FACTS ABOUT THIS OM...telosaes
The “Milleproroghe” is a Decree Law setting out “urgent measures on the extension of legislative. It is a piece of legislation postponing several already legislated deadlines and extending the validity of several provisions in expiration
The U.S. Constitution - the Bill of Rights and Amendments 11-27 and the Decla...Wolf Elder Law
The U.S. Constitution - the Bill of Rights and Amendments 11-27 and the Declaration of Independence : pamphlet published as a public service for consumers by the Florida Bar
This pamphlet is published by The Florida Bar Public Information and Bar Services Department as a service for consumers.
Single copies of this pamphlet and others are free upon request
by sending a self-addressed, legal size stamped envelope for
each pamphlet requested to Consumer Pamphlets, The Florida
Bar, 651 E. Jefferson St., Tallahassee, Florida 32399-2300. To
view a list of the entire consumer pamphlet series, the full text of
each pamphlet and ordering information visit www.FloridaBar.
org/consumerpamphlets
Pad 525 Enhance teaching / snaptutorial.comHarrisGeorg61
Choose any federal statute that is currently in the news. You will have to research that statute and at least two court cases pertaining
Paper instructions:
Assignment 4: Presentation
Choose any federal statute that is currently in the news. You will have to research that statute and at least two court cases pertaining to the statute. Then, prepare a PowerPoint Presentation of 6 to 8 slides addressing the following:
Lecture slides on the Philippine Judiciary.
These slides were for an undergraduate course on Philippine Politics and Governance I taught between 2003-2005.
Final Examination2BAM 317 Business LawMultiple Cho.docxmydrynan
Final Examination
2
BAM 317 Business Law
Multiple Choice Questions (Enter your answers on the enclosed answer sheet)
1) Which doctrine was overturned in the case of Brown v. Board of Education?
a. the legality of poll taxes
b. the permissibility of separate but equal facilities
c. allowing only white males to vote
d. the acceptability of paying women less than men for comparable work
e. different working hours for male and female factory workers
2) Documents such as the U.S. Constitution, the Magna Carta, and the United Nations Charter
reflect what legal theory?
a. the Natural Law school
b. the Historical school
c. the Sociological school
d. the Analytical school
3) Proponents of which school(s) of jurisprudential thought are unlikely to adhere to precedent in
making decisions?
a. the Sociological school only
b. the Critical Legal Studies school only
c. both the Sociological school and the Critical Legal Studies school
d. neither the Sociological school nor the Critical Legal Studies school
4) Which of the following is most consistent with the Natural Law School of jurisprudence?
a. Law is based on moral and ethical principles of what are right, and it is the job of men
and women, through study, to discover what these principles are.
b. The law is a reflection of society, thus the law must change naturally as society
changes over time.
c. The laws of man are secondary to the laws of nature, and thus the laws of nature take
precedence whenever the laws of man are in conflict with the laws of nature.
d. By applying the rules of logic to specific cases, the logical, or natural, result will be
obtained.
e. Laws must first and foremost respect, preserve, and promote the preservation of the
environment and life in all its forms.
5) What was the only remedy (relief) available in the law courts of England?
a. specific performance
b. fines and imprisonment
c. monetary awards for damages
d. returning the parties to their positions before the dispute arose
3
Final Examination
BAM 317 Business Law
6) Which court was eventually combined with the regular court system?
a. law courts
b. equity courts
c. criminal courts
d. merchant courts
7) What is an equity court’s function?
a. To deal with just the law of merchants.
b. To issue opinions in cases that later set the precedent for similar cases.
c. To investigate the merits of a case and base its decisions on fairness.
d. To issue executive orders.
e. To set state or federal laws between two or more nations.
8) The ability of Native American Indians to conduct gambling operations on Indian reservations:
a. is determined solely by the respective Indian tribe
b. is determined through negotiation by the state and Native Americans
c.is within the control of the federal government because of provisions in the U.S. Consti-
tution
d. has been found by the courts, in many ins ...
Running head TITLE 1TITLE 6TitleStudent Name.docxagnesdcarey33086
Running head: TITLE
1
TITLE
6
Title
Student Name
University Name
Title
1) When statutes are passed only after considerable study, debate and public input, this is an example of which function of the law?
A. Keeping the peace.
B. Shaping moral standards.
C. Maintaining the status quo.
D. Facilitating orderly change.
2) What was the U.S. Supreme Court’s reaction to a case where a business executive was found guilty of aiding and abetting in the bribery of an Internal Revenue Service Agent even though the Internal Revenue Service agent had been found not guilty of the bribery in a separate trial?
A. Because of the inconsistent outcomes, a third combined trial was ordered to reconcile the different outcomes.
B. This simply underscores the fact that there is always the possibility that different juries might reach different results in a given situation.
C. Because one of the defendants had been found guilty, then both should have been found guilty.
D. Because one of the defendants had been found not guilty, they both should have been found not guilty.
3) Which of the following is most consistent with the Natural Law School of jurisprudence?
A. The laws of man are secondary to the laws of nature, and thus the laws of nature take precedence whenever the laws of man are in conflict with the laws of nature.
B. By applying the rules of logic to specific cases, the logical, or natural, result will be obtained.
C. Law is based on moral and ethical principles of what is right, and it is the job of men and women, through study, to discover what these principles are.
D. The law is a reflection of society, thus the law must change naturally as society changes over time.
4) Which of the following statements is true regarding the relationship of law and ethics?
A. In some cases the law will require a higher standard of conduct than ethics, but never vice versa.
B. Depending on the circumstances, the law can require a higher, lower, or the same standard of conduct as ethics demands.
C. The legal requirements will almost always be the same as the ethical requirement because the law is based on the ethical standards.
D. In some cases ethics will require a higher standard of conduct than the law, but never vice versa.
5) Which of the following is correct with regard to the relationship between law and ethics?
A. Lawful conduct is always ethical conduct.
B. Although much of law is based on ethical standards, not all ethical standards have been enacted as law.
C. The rule of law and the golden rule of ethics demand the same response.
D. The law may not .permit something that would be ethically wrong.
6) Which of the following is not one of the Caux Round Table Principles for International Business?
A. Promotion of Multiculturalism.
B. Respect for the Environment.
C. Avoidance of Illicit Operations.
D. Support for Multilateral Trade.
7) In a civil case, which of the following is true about the order of the prese.
The primary purpose of a mediator is to facilitate settlement of a.docxssusera34210
The primary purpose of a mediator is to facilitate settlement of a dispute between the parties.
True
False
The two most common types of bankruptcy filed by business are a reorganization bankruptcy and a liquidating bankruptcy.
True
False
Section 402A of the Uniform Commercial Code governs the law of Strict Liability in a commercial setting.
True
False
Which of the following types of law are intended specifically to provide a system of compensation for injuries done by virtue of conduct deemed by the law to be inappropriate?
A) Substantive Law
B) Criminal Law
C) Procedural Law
D) Civil Law
The three primary theories of Product Liability are tortuous negligence, strict liability and contract warranty.
True
False
Burglary is the crime of stealing something from somebody.s house or building at night.
True
False
Litigation involving criminal law are typically initiated by legal counsel for the victim of the crime.
True
False
An automatic stay is in force upon filing of a bankruptcy and acts to stop a creditor from repossessing any collateral.
True
False
Courts represent the primary mechanism for the enforcement of law in the United States.
True
False
The concept of .observing corporate formalities. relates to failure to observe GAAP when reporting profit and loss to the Securities and Exchange Commission.
True
False
Baseball is specifically exempted from coverage under the Sherman Act, but not so with regard to Football.
True
False
Which of the following is not one of the general categories of torts?
A) Strict liability
C) Conversion
C) Negligence
D) Intentional.
The law of contracts in most states is entirely a matter of Common Law.
True
False
What differs in a defamation suit when the plaintiff is a public figure, as opposed to when the plaintiff is not a public figure?
A) The plaintiff need not prove actual injury to the reputation.-
B) The plaintiff can recover even when the statement is a mere opinion
C) The plaintiff must prove that the statement was made with malice
D) The plaintiff must prove that the statement was made in writing.
Laws of the United States are enforceable within foreign countries so long as United States companies or citizens are involved as one of the parties.
True
False
Any case in the United States may be automatically appealed directly to the United States Supreme Court if one of the litigants is unsatisfied with the outcome; the Supreme Court always has the final say in any litigation in the country.
True
False
C Corporations and S Corporations technically differ only with regard to the treatment of their net income with regard to sales taxation as administered by the International Revenue Service.
True
False
Which of the following terms pertains to the admission of evidence at a trial:
A) Eminent Domain
B) Full Faith and Credit
C) Probative Value
D) Revocation of Offer
Administrative Agencies often establish regulations pursuant to the legislative power de ...
THE MILLEPROROGHE WHAT IT IS WHAT IT CONTAINS AND CURIOUS FACTS ABOUT THIS OM...telosaes
The “Milleproroghe” is a Decree Law setting out “urgent measures on the extension of legislative. It is a piece of legislation postponing several already legislated deadlines and extending the validity of several provisions in expiration
The U.S. Constitution - the Bill of Rights and Amendments 11-27 and the Decla...Wolf Elder Law
The U.S. Constitution - the Bill of Rights and Amendments 11-27 and the Declaration of Independence : pamphlet published as a public service for consumers by the Florida Bar
This pamphlet is published by The Florida Bar Public Information and Bar Services Department as a service for consumers.
Single copies of this pamphlet and others are free upon request
by sending a self-addressed, legal size stamped envelope for
each pamphlet requested to Consumer Pamphlets, The Florida
Bar, 651 E. Jefferson St., Tallahassee, Florida 32399-2300. To
view a list of the entire consumer pamphlet series, the full text of
each pamphlet and ordering information visit www.FloridaBar.
org/consumerpamphlets
Pad 525 Enhance teaching / snaptutorial.comHarrisGeorg61
Choose any federal statute that is currently in the news. You will have to research that statute and at least two court cases pertaining
Paper instructions:
Assignment 4: Presentation
Choose any federal statute that is currently in the news. You will have to research that statute and at least two court cases pertaining to the statute. Then, prepare a PowerPoint Presentation of 6 to 8 slides addressing the following:
Lecture slides on the Philippine Judiciary.
These slides were for an undergraduate course on Philippine Politics and Governance I taught between 2003-2005.
Final Examination2BAM 317 Business LawMultiple Cho.docxmydrynan
Final Examination
2
BAM 317 Business Law
Multiple Choice Questions (Enter your answers on the enclosed answer sheet)
1) Which doctrine was overturned in the case of Brown v. Board of Education?
a. the legality of poll taxes
b. the permissibility of separate but equal facilities
c. allowing only white males to vote
d. the acceptability of paying women less than men for comparable work
e. different working hours for male and female factory workers
2) Documents such as the U.S. Constitution, the Magna Carta, and the United Nations Charter
reflect what legal theory?
a. the Natural Law school
b. the Historical school
c. the Sociological school
d. the Analytical school
3) Proponents of which school(s) of jurisprudential thought are unlikely to adhere to precedent in
making decisions?
a. the Sociological school only
b. the Critical Legal Studies school only
c. both the Sociological school and the Critical Legal Studies school
d. neither the Sociological school nor the Critical Legal Studies school
4) Which of the following is most consistent with the Natural Law School of jurisprudence?
a. Law is based on moral and ethical principles of what are right, and it is the job of men
and women, through study, to discover what these principles are.
b. The law is a reflection of society, thus the law must change naturally as society
changes over time.
c. The laws of man are secondary to the laws of nature, and thus the laws of nature take
precedence whenever the laws of man are in conflict with the laws of nature.
d. By applying the rules of logic to specific cases, the logical, or natural, result will be
obtained.
e. Laws must first and foremost respect, preserve, and promote the preservation of the
environment and life in all its forms.
5) What was the only remedy (relief) available in the law courts of England?
a. specific performance
b. fines and imprisonment
c. monetary awards for damages
d. returning the parties to their positions before the dispute arose
3
Final Examination
BAM 317 Business Law
6) Which court was eventually combined with the regular court system?
a. law courts
b. equity courts
c. criminal courts
d. merchant courts
7) What is an equity court’s function?
a. To deal with just the law of merchants.
b. To issue opinions in cases that later set the precedent for similar cases.
c. To investigate the merits of a case and base its decisions on fairness.
d. To issue executive orders.
e. To set state or federal laws between two or more nations.
8) The ability of Native American Indians to conduct gambling operations on Indian reservations:
a. is determined solely by the respective Indian tribe
b. is determined through negotiation by the state and Native Americans
c.is within the control of the federal government because of provisions in the U.S. Consti-
tution
d. has been found by the courts, in many ins ...
Running head TITLE 1TITLE 6TitleStudent Name.docxagnesdcarey33086
Running head: TITLE
1
TITLE
6
Title
Student Name
University Name
Title
1) When statutes are passed only after considerable study, debate and public input, this is an example of which function of the law?
A. Keeping the peace.
B. Shaping moral standards.
C. Maintaining the status quo.
D. Facilitating orderly change.
2) What was the U.S. Supreme Court’s reaction to a case where a business executive was found guilty of aiding and abetting in the bribery of an Internal Revenue Service Agent even though the Internal Revenue Service agent had been found not guilty of the bribery in a separate trial?
A. Because of the inconsistent outcomes, a third combined trial was ordered to reconcile the different outcomes.
B. This simply underscores the fact that there is always the possibility that different juries might reach different results in a given situation.
C. Because one of the defendants had been found guilty, then both should have been found guilty.
D. Because one of the defendants had been found not guilty, they both should have been found not guilty.
3) Which of the following is most consistent with the Natural Law School of jurisprudence?
A. The laws of man are secondary to the laws of nature, and thus the laws of nature take precedence whenever the laws of man are in conflict with the laws of nature.
B. By applying the rules of logic to specific cases, the logical, or natural, result will be obtained.
C. Law is based on moral and ethical principles of what is right, and it is the job of men and women, through study, to discover what these principles are.
D. The law is a reflection of society, thus the law must change naturally as society changes over time.
4) Which of the following statements is true regarding the relationship of law and ethics?
A. In some cases the law will require a higher standard of conduct than ethics, but never vice versa.
B. Depending on the circumstances, the law can require a higher, lower, or the same standard of conduct as ethics demands.
C. The legal requirements will almost always be the same as the ethical requirement because the law is based on the ethical standards.
D. In some cases ethics will require a higher standard of conduct than the law, but never vice versa.
5) Which of the following is correct with regard to the relationship between law and ethics?
A. Lawful conduct is always ethical conduct.
B. Although much of law is based on ethical standards, not all ethical standards have been enacted as law.
C. The rule of law and the golden rule of ethics demand the same response.
D. The law may not .permit something that would be ethically wrong.
6) Which of the following is not one of the Caux Round Table Principles for International Business?
A. Promotion of Multiculturalism.
B. Respect for the Environment.
C. Avoidance of Illicit Operations.
D. Support for Multilateral Trade.
7) In a civil case, which of the following is true about the order of the prese.
The primary purpose of a mediator is to facilitate settlement of a.docxssusera34210
The primary purpose of a mediator is to facilitate settlement of a dispute between the parties.
True
False
The two most common types of bankruptcy filed by business are a reorganization bankruptcy and a liquidating bankruptcy.
True
False
Section 402A of the Uniform Commercial Code governs the law of Strict Liability in a commercial setting.
True
False
Which of the following types of law are intended specifically to provide a system of compensation for injuries done by virtue of conduct deemed by the law to be inappropriate?
A) Substantive Law
B) Criminal Law
C) Procedural Law
D) Civil Law
The three primary theories of Product Liability are tortuous negligence, strict liability and contract warranty.
True
False
Burglary is the crime of stealing something from somebody.s house or building at night.
True
False
Litigation involving criminal law are typically initiated by legal counsel for the victim of the crime.
True
False
An automatic stay is in force upon filing of a bankruptcy and acts to stop a creditor from repossessing any collateral.
True
False
Courts represent the primary mechanism for the enforcement of law in the United States.
True
False
The concept of .observing corporate formalities. relates to failure to observe GAAP when reporting profit and loss to the Securities and Exchange Commission.
True
False
Baseball is specifically exempted from coverage under the Sherman Act, but not so with regard to Football.
True
False
Which of the following is not one of the general categories of torts?
A) Strict liability
C) Conversion
C) Negligence
D) Intentional.
The law of contracts in most states is entirely a matter of Common Law.
True
False
What differs in a defamation suit when the plaintiff is a public figure, as opposed to when the plaintiff is not a public figure?
A) The plaintiff need not prove actual injury to the reputation.-
B) The plaintiff can recover even when the statement is a mere opinion
C) The plaintiff must prove that the statement was made with malice
D) The plaintiff must prove that the statement was made in writing.
Laws of the United States are enforceable within foreign countries so long as United States companies or citizens are involved as one of the parties.
True
False
Any case in the United States may be automatically appealed directly to the United States Supreme Court if one of the litigants is unsatisfied with the outcome; the Supreme Court always has the final say in any litigation in the country.
True
False
C Corporations and S Corporations technically differ only with regard to the treatment of their net income with regard to sales taxation as administered by the International Revenue Service.
True
False
Which of the following terms pertains to the admission of evidence at a trial:
A) Eminent Domain
B) Full Faith and Credit
C) Probative Value
D) Revocation of Offer
Administrative Agencies often establish regulations pursuant to the legislative power de ...
State Resident Credits after the Wynne DecisionTimothy Noonan
The May 2015 U.S. Supreme Court decision in Wynne v. MD has altered the state tax landscape in some important ways. This presentation was given on June 19, 2015 as part of the CCH Webinar program, and reviews the Wynne case and its affect on state tax systems across the country.
Your answer is partially correct. Try again.For each of the.docxhyacinthshackley2629
Your answer is partially correct. Try again.
For each of the above transactions, prepare the adjusting journal entry that is required on December 31. (Hint: Use the account Service Revenue for item 3 and Maintenance and Repairs Expense for item 4.) (Round answers to 0 decimal places, e.g. 5,275. If no entry is required, select "No Entry" for the account titles and enter 0 for the amounts. Credit account titles are automatically indented when the amount is entered. Do not indent manually.)
No.
Date
Account Titles and Explanation
Debit
Credit
1.
Dec. 31, 2017
enter an account title to record the first transaction
enter a debit amount
enter a credit amount
enter an account title to record the first transaction
enter a debit amount
enter a credit amount
2.
Dec. 31, 2017
enter an account title to record the second transaction
enter a debit amount
enter a credit amount
enter an account title to record the second transaction
enter a debit amount
enter a credit amount
3.
Dec. 31, 2017
enter an account title to record the third transaction
enter a debit amount
enter a credit amount
enter an account title to record the third transaction
enter a debit amount
enter a credit amount
4.
Dec. 31, 2017
enter an account title to record the fourth transaction
enter a debit amount
enter a credit amount
enter an account title to record the fourth transaction
enter a debit amount
enter a credit amount
5.
Dec. 31, 2017
enter an account title to record the fifth transaction
enter a debit amount
enter a credit amount
enter an account title to record the fifth transaction
enter a debit amount
enter a credit amount
Your answer is partially correct. Try again.
Post the journal entries in parts (a) and (b) to T-accounts and determine the final balance in each account balance. (Note: Posting to the Cash account is not required.) (Round answers to 0 decimal places, e.g. 5,275. Post entries in the order displayed in the problem statement.)
Prepaid Insurance
choose a transaction date
enter a debit amount
choose a transaction date
enter a credit amount
choose the end date of the accounting period
enter a debit balance
choose the end date of the accounting period
enter a credit balance
Prepaid Rent
choose a transaction date
enter a debit amount
choose a transaction date
enter a credit amount
choose the end date of the accounting period
enter a debit balance
choose the end date of the accounting period
enter a credit balance
Unearned Service Revenue
choose a transaction date
enter a debit amount
choose a transaction date
enter a credit amount
choose a transaction date
enter a debit amount
choose a transaction date
enter a credit amount
choose the end date of the accounting period
enter a debit balance
choose the end date of the accounting period
enter a credit balance
Prepaid Cleaning
choose a transaction date
enter a debit amount
choose a transaction date
enter a credit amount
choose the end d.
Business Law Multiple Choice Questions (Enter your answers on th.docxhumphrieskalyn
Business Law
Multiple Choice Questions (Enter your answers on the enclosed answer sheet)
1) The court's decision in Brown v. Board of Education had what effect on the decision
made in Plessy v. Ferguson?
a. It showed that precedent can be overruled and is not binding in every situation.
b. It applied the Doctrine of Stare Decisis.
c. It showed that the Constitution is not subject to interpretation.
d. It applied the principle of preemption.
e. It followed precedent.
2) Someone who believes that law is a reflection of those in power, believes in which
school of jurisprudential thought?
a. The Analytical School.
b. The Natural School.
c. The Command School.
d. The Historical School.
e. The Psychological School.
3) Which of the following is a false statement regarding the citizenship and immigration
policy of the United States?
a. Immigration quotas are different for each foreign country.
b. The first immigration quota policy was enacted in the 1920s.
c. The immigration quota policy was repealed after World War II.
d. There is an immigration quota policy in effect today in the United States.
e. Immigration laws are administered and enforced by the United States Customs and
Immigration Service.
4) The remedy, or relief, that was available in the law courts of England was:
a. specific performance.
b. monetary awards for damages.
c. fines and imprisonment.
d. returning the parties to their positions before the dispute arose.
e. Any of the above, and any other remedy determined to be fair in the particular case.
5) Chancery Courts were also known as:
a. Criminal Courts.
b. Equity Courts.
c. Legal Remedy Courts.
d. Merchant Courts.
e. Law Courts.
64
shapeType75fBehindDocument1pWrapPolygonVertices8;4;(21496,0);(0,0);(0,21487);(21496,21487)posrelh0posrelv0pib
Business Law
65
6) When statutes are organized by topic, the resulting compilation of law is known as:
a. precedent.
b. a code.
c. civil law.
d. topical presentation.
e. common law.
7) Which of the following is not empowered to establish administrative agencies?
a. A state executive branch.
b. Congress.
c. A federal or state judicial branch.
d. A state legislative branch.
e. The federal executive branch.
8) For which of the following in the U.S. Congress can the number to which a state is
entitled change over time?
a. All members of the u.s. Congress.
b. Senators.
c. Both Senators and representatives.
d. Neither senators nor representatives.
e. Representatives.
9) The power of the federal government to make treaties with Native American Nations
regarding land and land use is derived from the:
a. Privileges and Immunities Clause.
b. Supremacy Clause.
c. First Amendment.
d. Commerce Clause.
e. Equal Protection Clause.
10) If there is an area of interstate commerce that the federal government has chosen not
to regulate, the states can:
a. not regulate in that area because states cannot pass laws affecting interstate com-
merce.
b. ...
BAM 521 Publisher Pearson Prentice Ha II Business Law .docxikirkton
BAM 521
Publisher:
Pearson Prentice Ha II
Business Law
Text: Contemporary Business and Online Commerce Law
Sixth Edition, 2009
ISBN: 10: 0-13-601500-X
Author(s):
Henry R. Cheeseman
shapeType75fBehindDocument1pWrapPolygonVertices8;4;(21498,0);(0,0);(0,21482);(21498,21482)posrelh0posrelv0pib
Business Law
Multiple Choice Questions (Enter your answers on the enclosed answer sheet)
1) The court's decision in Brown v. Board of Education had what effect on the decision
made in Plessy v. Ferguson?
a. It showed that precedent can be overruled and is not binding in every situation.
b. It applied the Doctrine of Stare Decisis.
c. It showed that the Constitution is not subject to interpretation.
d. It applied the principle of preemption.
e. It followed precedent.
2) Someone who believes that law is a reflection of those in power, believes in which
school of jurisprudential thought?
a. The Analytical School.
b. The Natural School.
c. The Command School.
d. The Historical School.
e. The Psychological School.
3) Which of the following is a false statement regarding the citizenship and immigration
policy of the United States?
a. Immigration quotas are different for each foreign country.
b. The first immigration quota policy was enacted in the 1920s.
c. The immigration quota policy was repealed after World War II.
d. There is an immigration quota policy in effect today in the United States.
e. Immigration laws are administered and enforced by the United States Customs and
Immigration Service.
4) The remedy, or relief, that was available in the law courts of England was:
a. specific performance.
b. monetary awards for damages.
c. fines and imprisonment.
d. returning the parties to their positions before the dispute arose.
e. Any of the above, and any other remedy determined to be fair in the particular case.
5) Chancery Courts were also known as:
a. Criminal Courts.
b. Equity Courts.
c. Legal Remedy Courts.
d. Merchant Courts.
e. Law Courts.
64
shapeType75fBehindDocument1pWrapPolygonVertices8;4;(21496,0);(0,0);(0,21482);(21496,21482)posrelh0posrelv0pib
Business Law
65
6) When statutes are organized by topic, the resulting compilation of law is known as:
a. precedent.
b. a code.
c. civil law.
d. topical presentation.
e. common law.
7) Which of the following is not empowered to establish administrative agencies?
a. A state executive branch.
b. Congress.
c. A federal or state judicial branch.
d. A state legislative branch.
e. The federal executive branch.
8) For which of the following in the U.S. Congress can the number to which a state is
entitled change over time?
a. All members of the U.S. Congress.
b. Senators.
c. Both Senators and representatives.
d. Neither senators nor representatives.
e. Representatives.
9) The power of the federal government to make treaties with Native American Nations
regarding land and land use is derived from the:
a. Privileges and Immunities Clause.
b. Sup ...
USA: State & Local Tax Top Stories of 2015Alex Baulf
2015 was notable in large part due to a series of decisions issued by state and federal courts which could pave the way for future resolution of several gray areas in state and local taxation. For example, the U.S. Supreme Court issued several major decisions impacting state and local taxes, including Obergefell v. Hodges and Comptroller of the Treasury v. Wynne. In Obergefell, the Court held that same-sex couples had the right to marry. States that did not recognize same-sex marriage prior to the decision issued guidance on filing returns after Obergefell. In Wynne, the Court determined that the failure of Maryland law to allow a credit against county personal income tax for Maryland residents for their pass-through income from an S corporation’s out-of-state activities that was taxed by other states was unconstitutional.
State and local tax: Top stories of 2015Andrea Platt
2015 was a notable year for state and federal courts. A series of decisions was issued that could pave the way for future resolution of several gray areas in state and local taxation (SALT).
Check out the top SALT stories from 2015.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
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Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
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The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
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Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
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South Western Federal Taxation 2011 Comprehensive 34th Edition Hoffman Test Bank
1. CHAPTER 2--WORKING WITH THE TAX LAW
Student: ___________________________________________________________________________
1. A large part of tax research involves determining the intent of Congress.
True False
2. Neither the 1939 nor the 1954 Code substantially changed the tax law existing on the date of its enactment.
True False
3. Federal tax legislation generally originates in the Senate Finance Committee.
True False
4. Individual Senators have considerable latitude to make amendments on the Senate floor.
True False
5. Subchapter K refers to the “Partners and Partnerships” section of the Code.
True False
6. A Revenue Procedure is an administrative source of Federal tax law.
True False
7. Some Regulations are arranged in different sequence than the Code.
True False
8. Proposed Regulations have the force and effect of law.
True False
9. Temporary Regulations have the same authoritative value as Finalized Regulations.
True False
South Western Federal Taxation 2011 Comprehensive 34th Edition Hoffman Test Bank
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2. 10. Proposed Regulations are not published in the Federal Register.
True False
11. Regulations are issued by the Treasury Department.
True False
12. Revenue Rulings carry the same legal force and effect as Regulations.
True False
13. Revenue Procedures deal with the internal management practices and procedures of the IRS.
True False
14. Letter rulings may not be substantial authority for purposes of the accuracy-related penalty in § 6662.
True False
15. Determination letters usually involve proposed transactions.
True False
16. Technical Advice Memoranda deal with completed transactions.
True False
17. Treasury Decisions are issued by the Treasury Department to promulgate new Regulations.
True False
18. General Counsel Memoranda may be cited as precedents by taxpayers.
True False
19. Unlike determination letters, letter rulings are issued by the National Office of the IRS.
True False
3. 20. A taxpayer must pay any tax deficiency assessed by the IRS and sue for a refund to bring suit in the U.S.
District Court.
True False
21. In a U.S. District Court, a jury can decide both questions of fact and questions of law.
True False
22. Three judges will normally hear each U.S. Tax Court case.
True False
23. A taxpayer can obtain a jury trial in a U.S. Court of Federal Claims.
True False
24. A taxpayer must pay any tax deficiency assessed by the IRS and sue for a refund to bring suit in the U.S.
Court of Federal Claims.
True False
25. Arizona is in the jurisdiction of the First Circuit Court of Appeals.
True False
26. Texas is in the jurisdiction of the Second Circuit Court of Appeals.
True False
27. The Golsen rule has been overturned by the U.S. Supreme Court.
True False
28. The granting of a Writ of Certiorari indicates that at least five members of the Supreme Court believe that
an issue is of sufficient importance to be heard by the full court.
True False
4. 29. The “defendant” refers to the party against whom a suit is brought.
True False
30. The term “respondent” is a synonym for defendant.
True False
31. Before 1943, the U.S. Tax Court was called the Board of Tax Appeals.
True False
32. The following citation cannot be correct: James E. Wiese, T.C. Summary Opinion, 2005-91.
True False
33. An easy way to locate a journal article pertinent to a tax problem is through Commerce Clearing House’s
Federal Tax Articles.
True False
34. Accessing tax documents through electronic means offers limited advantages over a strictly paper-based
approach.
True False
35. The major tax services are not available in electronic format.
True False
36. Among the approaches available for online tax research are a keyword approach, a table of contents
approach, an index approach, and a citation approach.
True False
37. The Internet provides a wealth of tax information in several popular forms, sometimes at no direct cost to
the researcher.
True False
5. 38. When dealing with proposed transactions, the tax research process is directed toward the determination of
possible alternative consequences.
True False
39. Often a court will invalidate a Regulation or portion thereof on the grounds that the Regulation is contrary to
the intent of Congress.
True False
40. IRS agents must give the Code and Regulations issued thereunder equal weight when dealing with taxpayers
and their representatives.
True False
41. Proposed Regulations are binding on the IRS and taxpayers.
True False
42. Interpretive Regulations have the force and effect of law.
True False
43. A U. S. District Court decision carries less weight than a decision issued by the Fifth Circuit Court of
Appeals.
True False
44. The computer-based CPA examination has four sections with true-false, multiple-choice, and case studies
(called simulations).
True False
45. The Internal Revenue Code was codified in which of the following years?
A. 1913.
B. 1933.
C. 1954.
D. 1957.
E. None of the above.
6. 46. Tax bills are handled by which committee in the U.S. Senate?
A. Taxation Committee.
B. Ways and Means Committee.
C. Finance Committee.
D. Budget Committee.
E. None of the above.
47. Which committee reconciles the tax bills between the Senate and the House?
A. Joint Committee on Taxation.
B. Joint Conference Committee.
C. Joint Reconciliation Committee.
D. Joint Resolving Committee.
E. None of the above.
48. Subchapter S covers which specific area of tax law?
A. Simplification.
B. Deductions.
C. Capital gains and losses.
D. Tax rates.
E. None of the above.
49. Which is not a Code section number?
A. § 212(1).
B. § 2(a)(1).
C. § 280B.
D. § 6(a).
E. All are current Code sections.
50. Which statement is false with respect to tax treaties?
A. There is a $1,000 penalty per failure to disclose on the tax return where there is a direct treaty conflict for an
individual.
B. There is a $10,000 penalty per failure to disclose on the tax return where there is a direct treaty conflict for a
corporation.
C. Treaties override the Code when in conflict.
D. Treaties may override a Code section when in conflict.
E. None of the above.
7. 51. Which of the following is not an administrative source of the tax law?
A. General Counsel Memoranda.
B. Revenue Procedures.
C. Technical Advice Memoranda.
D. Actions on Decisions.
E. All of the above are administrative sources.
52. Which of the following sources has the highest tax validity?
A. Revenue Ruling.
B. Letter ruling.
C. Regulations.
D. Internal Revenue Code section.
E. None of the above.
53. Which of the following types of Regulations has the highest tax validity?
A. Temporary.
B. Legislative.
C. Interpretative.
D. Procedural.
E. None of the above.
54. What statement is not true with respect to a regulation which interprets the tax law?
A. Issued by the U.S. Congress.
B. Issued by the U.S. Treasury Department.
C. Designed to provide an interpretation of the tax law.
D. Carries more legal force than a Revenue Ruling.
E. All of the above statements are true.
55. In assessing the importance of a regulation, an IRS agent must:
A. Give equal weight to the Code and regulations.
B. Give more weight to the Code rather than to a regulation.
C. Give more weight to the regulation rather than to the Code.
D. Give less weight to the Code rather than to a regulation.
E. None of the above.
8. 56. Which item may not be cited as a precedent?
A. Regulations.
B. Temporary Regulations.
C. Technical Advice Memoranda.
D. U.S. District Court decision.
E. None of the above.
57. What statement is not true with respect to Temporary Regulations?
A. May not be cited as precedent.
B. Issued as Proposed Regulations.
C. Automatically expire within three years after the date of issuance.
D. Found in the Federal Register.
E. All of the above statements are true.
58. What administrative release deals with a proposed transaction rather than a completed transaction?
A. Letter Ruling.
B. Technical Advice Memorandum.
C. Determination Letter.
D. Field Service Advice.
E. None of the above.
59. Which of these citations does not refer to an administrative release?
A. Notice 90-20, 1980-1 C.B. 328.
B. Ltr. Rul. 9333032 (May 24,1993).
C. TAM 9510001 (March 6, 1995).
D. T.C. Summary Opinion, 2005-111.
E. All of the above.
60. Which of the following indicates that a decision has precedential value for future cases?
A. Stare decisis.
B. Golsen doctrine.
C. En banc.
D. Reenactment doctrine.
E. None of the above.
9. 61. A taxpayer who loses in a U.S. District Court may appeal directly to the:
A. Supreme Court.
B. U.S. Tax Court.
C. U.S. Court of Federal Claims.
D. U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals.
E. All of the above.
62. Identify the number of the Court(s) of Federal Claims?
A. 1.
B. 3.
C. 16.
D. 19.
E. None of the above is correct.
63. Which trial court hears only tax disputes?
A. U.S. District Court.
B. U.S. Tax Court.
C. U.S. Court of Federal Claims.
D. U.S. Circuit Courts of Appeals.
E. None of the above.
64. The Golsen doctrine applies to which court?
A. U.S. District Court.
B. U.S. Court of Federal Claims.
C. U.S. Tax Court.
D. U.S. Supreme Court.
E. Some other court.
65. Which state is located in the jurisdiction of the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals?
A. Louisiana.
B. California.
C. New York.
D. South Carolina.
E. None of the above.
10. 66. Interpret the following citation: 64-1 USTC ¶9618, aff’d in 344 F. 2d 966.
A. A U.S. Tax Court Small Cases Division decision that was affirmed on appeal.
B. A U.S. Tax Court decision that was affirmed on appeal.
C. A U.S. District Court decision that was affirmed on appeal.
D. A U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals decision that was affirmed on appeal.
E. None of the above.
67. Which citation refers to a Second Circuit Court of Appeals decision?
A. 40 T.C. 1018.
B. 159 F. 2d 848 (CA-2, 1947).
C. 354 F. Supp. 1003 (D. Ct. Ga, 1972).
D. 914 F. 2d 396 (CA-3, 1990).
E. None of the above.
68. Which citation refers to a U.S. Tax Court decision?
A. Apollo Computer, Inc. v. U.S., 95-1 USTC ¶50,015 (Fed. Cl., 1994).
B. Westreco, Inc., T.C.Memo. 1992-561 (1992).
C. Bausch & Lomb, Inc. v. Comm., 933 F.2d 1084 (CA-2, 1991).
D. Portland Manufacturing Co. v. Comm., 35 AFTR2d 1439 (CA-9, 1975).
E. None of the above.
69. If these citations appeared after a trial court decision, which one means that the decision was overruled?
A. Aff’d 633 F.2d 512 (CA-7, 1980).
B. Rem’d 399 F.2d 800 (CA-5, 1968).
C. Aff’d 914 F.2d 396 (CA-3, 1990).
D. Rev’d 935 F.2d 203 (CA-5, 1991).
E. None of the above.
70. Which trial court has 16 judges?
A. U.S. Tax Court.
B. U.S. Court of Federal Claims.
C. U.S. Supreme Court.
D. U.S. Court of Appeals.
E. None of the above.
11. 71. Which trial court’s jurisdiction depends on the geographical location of the taxpayer?
A. U.S. Tax Court.
B. U.S. District Court.
C. U.S. Court of Federal Claims.
D. Small Cases Division of the Tax Court.
E. None of the above.
72. Which trial court decision is generally more authoritative?
A. U.S. District Court.
B. U.S. Tax Court.
C. U.S. Court of Federal Claims.
D. Small Cases Division of the Tax Court.
E. All of the above are the same.
73. A Memorandum decision of the U.S. Tax Court could be cited as:
A. T.C.Memo. 1990-650.
B. 68-1 USTC ¶9200.
C. 37 AFTR2d 456.
D. All of the above.
E. None of the above.
74. Which court decision is generally more authoritative?
A. A U.S. Tax Court decision.
B. Court of Federal Claims decision.
C. District Court decision.
D. U.S. Court of Appeals decision.
E. U.S. Tax Court Memorandum decision.
75. Which statement is incorrect with respect to a tax treaty?
A. A tax treaty always overrides a Code section when they conflict.
B. The purpose of a treaty is to render mutual assistance in tax enforcement and to avoid double taxation.
C. Taxpayers must disclose on their tax returns any position where a treaty overrides a Code section.
D. There is a $1,000 penalty per failure to disclose a conflicting tax treaty.
E. All are correct.
12. 76. Which of the following statements about an acquiescence is correct?
A. An acquiescence is issued in the Federal Registrar.
B. Acquiescences are published only for certain regular decisions of the U.S. Tax Court.
C. An acquiescence is published in the Internal Revenue Bulletin.
D. The IRS does not issue acquiescences to adverse decisions that are not appealed.
E. All of the above are correct.
77. Which is a primary source of tax law?
A. J. W. Yarbo v. Comm., 737 F.2d 479 (CA-5, 1984).
B. Article by a Federal judge in Harvard Law Review.
C. Technical Advice Memoranda.
D. Letter ruling.
E. All of the above are primary sources.
78. Which statement is incorrect with respect to taxation on the CPA exam?
A. The CPA exam now has only four parts.
B. There are no longer case studies on the exam.
C. A candidate may not go back after exiting a testlet.
D. Simulations include a four-function pop-up calculator.
E. None of the above are incorrect.
79. How can congressional committee reports be used by a tax researcher?
80. Why are some Code section numbers intentionally omitted from the Internal Revenue Code?
13. 81. Compare a determination letter with a letter ruling.
82. Explain the function of Temporary Regulations.
83. Explain the Golsen doctrine.
84. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the Small Cases Division of the U.S. Tax Court.
14. 85. Explain the difference between tax avoidance and tax evasion.
15. CHAPTER 2--WORKING WITH THE TAX LAW Key
1. A large part of tax research involves determining the intent of Congress.
TRUE
2. Neither the 1939 nor the 1954 Code substantially changed the tax law existing on the date of its enactment.
TRUE
3. Federal tax legislation generally originates in the Senate Finance Committee.
FALSE
4. Individual Senators have considerable latitude to make amendments on the Senate floor.
TRUE
5. Subchapter K refers to the “Partners and Partnerships” section of the Code.
TRUE
6. A Revenue Procedure is an administrative source of Federal tax law.
TRUE
7. Some Regulations are arranged in different sequence than the Code.
FALSE
8. Proposed Regulations have the force and effect of law.
FALSE
9. Temporary Regulations have the same authoritative value as Finalized Regulations.
TRUE
16. 10. Proposed Regulations are not published in the Federal Register.
FALSE
11. Regulations are issued by the Treasury Department.
TRUE
12. Revenue Rulings carry the same legal force and effect as Regulations.
FALSE
13. Revenue Procedures deal with the internal management practices and procedures of the IRS.
TRUE
14. Letter rulings may not be substantial authority for purposes of the accuracy-related penalty in § 6662.
FALSE
15. Determination letters usually involve proposed transactions.
FALSE
16. Technical Advice Memoranda deal with completed transactions.
TRUE
17. Treasury Decisions are issued by the Treasury Department to promulgate new Regulations.
TRUE
18. General Counsel Memoranda may be cited as precedents by taxpayers.
FALSE
19. Unlike determination letters, letter rulings are issued by the National Office of the IRS.
TRUE
17. 20. A taxpayer must pay any tax deficiency assessed by the IRS and sue for a refund to bring suit in the U.S.
District Court.
TRUE
21. In a U.S. District Court, a jury can decide both questions of fact and questions of law.
FALSE
22. Three judges will normally hear each U.S. Tax Court case.
FALSE
23. A taxpayer can obtain a jury trial in a U.S. Court of Federal Claims.
FALSE
24. A taxpayer must pay any tax deficiency assessed by the IRS and sue for a refund to bring suit in the U.S.
Court of Federal Claims.
TRUE
25. Arizona is in the jurisdiction of the First Circuit Court of Appeals.
FALSE
26. Texas is in the jurisdiction of the Second Circuit Court of Appeals.
FALSE
27. The Golsen rule has been overturned by the U.S. Supreme Court.
FALSE
28. The granting of a Writ of Certiorari indicates that at least five members of the Supreme Court believe that
an issue is of sufficient importance to be heard by the full court.
FALSE
18. 29. The “defendant” refers to the party against whom a suit is brought.
TRUE
30. The term “respondent” is a synonym for defendant.
TRUE
31. Before 1943, the U.S. Tax Court was called the Board of Tax Appeals.
TRUE
32. The following citation cannot be correct: James E. Wiese, T.C. Summary Opinion, 2005-91.
FALSE
33. An easy way to locate a journal article pertinent to a tax problem is through Commerce Clearing House’s
Federal Tax Articles.
TRUE
34. Accessing tax documents through electronic means offers limited advantages over a strictly paper-based
approach.
FALSE
35. The major tax services are not available in electronic format.
FALSE
36. Among the approaches available for online tax research are a keyword approach, a table of contents
approach, an index approach, and a citation approach.
TRUE
37. The Internet provides a wealth of tax information in several popular forms, sometimes at no direct cost to
the researcher.
TRUE
19. 38. When dealing with proposed transactions, the tax research process is directed toward the determination of
possible alternative consequences.
TRUE
39. Often a court will invalidate a Regulation or portion thereof on the grounds that the Regulation is contrary to
the intent of Congress.
FALSE
40. IRS agents must give the Code and Regulations issued thereunder equal weight when dealing with taxpayers
and their representatives.
TRUE
41. Proposed Regulations are binding on the IRS and taxpayers.
FALSE
42. Interpretive Regulations have the force and effect of law.
FALSE
43. A U. S. District Court decision carries less weight than a decision issued by the Fifth Circuit Court of
Appeals.
TRUE
44. The computer-based CPA examination has four sections with true-false, multiple-choice, and case studies
(called simulations).
FALSE
45. The Internal Revenue Code was codified in which of the following years?
A. 1913.
B. 1933.
C. 1954.
D. 1957.
E. None of the above.
20. 46. Tax bills are handled by which committee in the U.S. Senate?
A. Taxation Committee.
B. Ways and Means Committee.
C. Finance Committee.
D. Budget Committee.
E. None of the above.
47. Which committee reconciles the tax bills between the Senate and the House?
A. Joint Committee on Taxation.
B. Joint Conference Committee.
C. Joint Reconciliation Committee.
D. Joint Resolving Committee.
E. None of the above.
48. Subchapter S covers which specific area of tax law?
A. Simplification.
B. Deductions.
C. Capital gains and losses.
D. Tax rates.
E. None of the above.
49. Which is not a Code section number?
A. § 212(1).
B. § 2(a)(1).
C. § 280B.
D. § 6(a).
E. All are current Code sections.
50. Which statement is false with respect to tax treaties?
A. There is a $1,000 penalty per failure to disclose on the tax return where there is a direct treaty conflict for an
individual.
B. There is a $10,000 penalty per failure to disclose on the tax return where there is a direct treaty conflict for a
corporation.
C. Treaties override the Code when in conflict.
D. Treaties may override a Code section when in conflict.
E. None of the above.
21. 51. Which of the following is not an administrative source of the tax law?
A. General Counsel Memoranda.
B. Revenue Procedures.
C. Technical Advice Memoranda.
D. Actions on Decisions.
E. All of the above are administrative sources.
52. Which of the following sources has the highest tax validity?
A. Revenue Ruling.
B. Letter ruling.
C. Regulations.
D. Internal Revenue Code section.
E. None of the above.
53. Which of the following types of Regulations has the highest tax validity?
A. Temporary.
B. Legislative.
C. Interpretative.
D. Procedural.
E. None of the above.
54. What statement is not true with respect to a regulation which interprets the tax law?
A. Issued by the U.S. Congress.
B. Issued by the U.S. Treasury Department.
C. Designed to provide an interpretation of the tax law.
D. Carries more legal force than a Revenue Ruling.
E. All of the above statements are true.
55. In assessing the importance of a regulation, an IRS agent must:
A. Give equal weight to the Code and regulations.
B. Give more weight to the Code rather than to a regulation.
C. Give more weight to the regulation rather than to the Code.
D. Give less weight to the Code rather than to a regulation.
E. None of the above.
22. 56. Which item may not be cited as a precedent?
A. Regulations.
B. Temporary Regulations.
C. Technical Advice Memoranda.
D. U.S. District Court decision.
E. None of the above.
57. What statement is not true with respect to Temporary Regulations?
A. May not be cited as precedent.
B. Issued as Proposed Regulations.
C. Automatically expire within three years after the date of issuance.
D. Found in the Federal Register.
E. All of the above statements are true.
58. What administrative release deals with a proposed transaction rather than a completed transaction?
A. Letter Ruling.
B. Technical Advice Memorandum.
C. Determination Letter.
D. Field Service Advice.
E. None of the above.
59. Which of these citations does not refer to an administrative release?
A. Notice 90-20, 1980-1 C.B. 328.
B. Ltr. Rul. 9333032 (May 24,1993).
C. TAM 9510001 (March 6, 1995).
D. T.C. Summary Opinion, 2005-111.
E. All of the above.
60. Which of the following indicates that a decision has precedential value for future cases?
A. Stare decisis.
B. Golsen doctrine.
C. En banc.
D. Reenactment doctrine.
E. None of the above.
23. 61. A taxpayer who loses in a U.S. District Court may appeal directly to the:
A. Supreme Court.
B. U.S. Tax Court.
C. U.S. Court of Federal Claims.
D. U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals.
E. All of the above.
62. Identify the number of the Court(s) of Federal Claims?
A. 1.
B. 3.
C. 16.
D. 19.
E. None of the above is correct.
63. Which trial court hears only tax disputes?
A. U.S. District Court.
B. U.S. Tax Court.
C. U.S. Court of Federal Claims.
D. U.S. Circuit Courts of Appeals.
E. None of the above.
64. The Golsen doctrine applies to which court?
A. U.S. District Court.
B. U.S. Court of Federal Claims.
C. U.S. Tax Court.
D. U.S. Supreme Court.
E. Some other court.
65. Which state is located in the jurisdiction of the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals?
A. Louisiana.
B. California.
C. New York.
D. South Carolina.
E. None of the above.
24. 66. Interpret the following citation: 64-1 USTC ¶9618, aff’d in 344 F. 2d 966.
A. A U.S. Tax Court Small Cases Division decision that was affirmed on appeal.
B. A U.S. Tax Court decision that was affirmed on appeal.
C. A U.S. District Court decision that was affirmed on appeal.
D. A U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals decision that was affirmed on appeal.
E. None of the above.
67. Which citation refers to a Second Circuit Court of Appeals decision?
A. 40 T.C. 1018.
B. 159 F. 2d 848 (CA-2, 1947).
C. 354 F. Supp. 1003 (D. Ct. Ga, 1972).
D. 914 F. 2d 396 (CA-3, 1990).
E. None of the above.
68. Which citation refers to a U.S. Tax Court decision?
A. Apollo Computer, Inc. v. U.S., 95-1 USTC ¶50,015 (Fed. Cl., 1994).
B. Westreco, Inc., T.C.Memo. 1992-561 (1992).
C. Bausch & Lomb, Inc. v. Comm., 933 F.2d 1084 (CA-2, 1991).
D. Portland Manufacturing Co. v. Comm., 35 AFTR2d 1439 (CA-9, 1975).
E. None of the above.
69. If these citations appeared after a trial court decision, which one means that the decision was overruled?
A. Aff’d 633 F.2d 512 (CA-7, 1980).
B. Rem’d 399 F.2d 800 (CA-5, 1968).
C. Aff’d 914 F.2d 396 (CA-3, 1990).
D. Rev’d 935 F.2d 203 (CA-5, 1991).
E. None of the above.
70. Which trial court has 16 judges?
A. U.S. Tax Court.
B. U.S. Court of Federal Claims.
C. U.S. Supreme Court.
D. U.S. Court of Appeals.
E. None of the above.
25. 71. Which trial court’s jurisdiction depends on the geographical location of the taxpayer?
A. U.S. Tax Court.
B. U.S. District Court.
C. U.S. Court of Federal Claims.
D. Small Cases Division of the Tax Court.
E. None of the above.
72. Which trial court decision is generally more authoritative?
A. U.S. District Court.
B. U.S. Tax Court.
C. U.S. Court of Federal Claims.
D. Small Cases Division of the Tax Court.
E. All of the above are the same.
73. A Memorandum decision of the U.S. Tax Court could be cited as:
A. T.C.Memo. 1990-650.
B. 68-1 USTC ¶9200.
C. 37 AFTR2d 456.
D. All of the above.
E. None of the above.
74. Which court decision is generally more authoritative?
A. A U.S. Tax Court decision.
B. Court of Federal Claims decision.
C. District Court decision.
D. U.S. Court of Appeals decision.
E. U.S. Tax Court Memorandum decision.
75. Which statement is incorrect with respect to a tax treaty?
A. A tax treaty always overrides a Code section when they conflict.
B. The purpose of a treaty is to render mutual assistance in tax enforcement and to avoid double taxation.
C. Taxpayers must disclose on their tax returns any position where a treaty overrides a Code section.
D. There is a $1,000 penalty per failure to disclose a conflicting tax treaty.
E. All are correct.
26. 76. Which of the following statements about an acquiescence is correct?
A. An acquiescence is issued in the Federal Registrar.
B. Acquiescences are published only for certain regular decisions of the U.S. Tax Court.
C. An acquiescence is published in the Internal Revenue Bulletin.
D. The IRS does not issue acquiescences to adverse decisions that are not appealed.
E. All of the above are correct.
77. Which is a primary source of tax law?
A. J. W. Yarbo v. Comm., 737 F.2d 479 (CA-5, 1984).
B. Article by a Federal judge in Harvard Law Review.
C. Technical Advice Memoranda.
D. Letter ruling.
E. All of the above are primary sources.
78. Which statement is incorrect with respect to taxation on the CPA exam?
A. The CPA exam now has only four parts.
B. There are no longer case studies on the exam.
C. A candidate may not go back after exiting a testlet.
D. Simulations include a four-function pop-up calculator.
E. None of the above are incorrect.
79. How can congressional committee reports be used by a tax researcher?
Congressional committee reports often explain the provisions of proposed legislation and are a valuable source
for ascertaining the intent of Congress. The intent of Congress is the key to interpreting new legislation by
taxpayers, especially before Regulations are published.
80. Why are some Code section numbers intentionally omitted from the Internal Revenue Code?
Some Code section numbers are intentionally omitted from the Internal Revenue Code so that later changes in
the law can be incorporated into the Code without disrupting its organization.
81. Compare a determination letter with a letter ruling.
Like letter rulings, determination letters are issued at the request of taxpayers and provide guidance on the tax
law. Determination letters differ from letter rulings in that the issuing source of a determination letter is the
Area Director rather than the National Office of the IRS. Also, determination letters usually involve completed
(as opposed to proposed) transactions. Determination letters are not published and are made known only to the
party making the request.
27. 82. Explain the function of Temporary Regulations.
Sometimes the U.S. Treasury Department issues Temporary Regulations relating to matters where immediate
guidance is important. These regulations are issued without the comment period required for Proposed
Regulations. Temporary Regulations have the same authoritative value as Final Regulations and may be cited as
precedents. Temporary Regulations also must be issued as Proposed Regulations and automatically expire
within three years after the date of issuance. Temporary Regulations and the simultaneous Proposed
Regulations carry more weight than traditional Proposed Regulations.
83. Explain the Golsen doctrine.
Because the Tax Court is a national court, it decides cases from all parts of the country. For many years, the Tax
Court followed a policy of deciding cases based on what it thought the result should be, even though its decision
might be appealed to a U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals that had previously decided a similar case differently. A
number of years ago this policy was changed in the Golsen decision. Now the Tax Court will decide a case as it
feels the law should be applied only if the Circuit Court of Appeals of appropriate jurisdiction has not yet
passed on the issue or has previously decided a similar case in accord with the Tax Court’s decision. If the
Circuit Court of Appeals of appropriate jurisdiction has previously held otherwise, the Tax Court will conform
under the Golsen rule even though it disagrees with the holding.
84. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the Small Cases Division of the U.S. Tax Court.
There is no appeal from the Small Cases Division. The jurisdiction of the Small Cases Division is limited to
cases involving amounts of $50,000 or less. The proceedings of the Small Cases Division are informal (e.g., no
necessity for the taxpayer to be represented by a lawyer or other tax adviser). Special trial judges rather than
Tax Court judges preside over these proceedings. The decisions of the Small Cases Division are not precedents
for any other court decision and are not reviewable by any higher court. Proceedings can be more timely and
less expensive in the Small Cases Division. Some of these cases can now be found on the U.S. Tax Court
Internet Website.
85. Explain the difference between tax avoidance and tax evasion.
A fine line exists between legal tax planning and illegal tax planning—tax avoidance versus tax evasion. Tax
avoidance is merely tax minimization through legal techniques. In this sense, tax avoidance is the proper
objective of all tax planning. Tax evasion, while also aimed at the elimination or reduction of taxes, connotes
the use of subterfuge and fraud as a means to an end. Popular usage—probably because of the common goals
involved—has so linked these two concepts that many individuals are no longer aware of the true distinctions
between them. Consequently, some taxpayers have been deterred from properly taking advantage of planning
possibilities.
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