Sony is a large Japanese multinational conglomerate corporation headquartered in Tokyo, Japan. It was founded in 1946 and has diversified operations in consumer electronics, gaming, entertainment, and financial services. Sony has major operations worldwide, with over 35% of manufacturing occurring overseas and approximately 50% of total assets located in foreign countries. It satisfies the criteria of a multinational corporation by operating in multiple countries simultaneously and managing its global business from its home base in Japan.

1. SONY- The Sound of Entertainment Presented by: Raj Kumar Jain (37) Richa Agarwal (40) Ruchita Agarwal (43) Sandeep Chaudhary (46) Shini Agrawal (49) Sunil Verma (52)

2. Type : Public Founded : May 7, 1946 by Masaru Ibuka and Akio Morita Headquarters : Tokyo, Japan Key people : Sir Howard Stringer: Chairman and CEO Products : Consumers electronics (audio visual &gaming) Professional audio/video equipment Semiconductors Computer hardware Financial services Film, television, music & game software others SONY – IN JAPAN

3. Products : Consumers electronics (audio visual & gaming) Semiconductors Computer hardware Financial services Film, television, music & game software others Revenue : ¥8295.7 billion YEN ($76.201 billion USD) (2007) Employees : 163,000 (as of March 31, 2007) Subsidiaries : Sony Electronics Sony Computer Entertainment Sony Ericsson (50%) Sony Pictures Entertainment Sony BMG (50%) Sony Marketing Sony Life Sony Assurance , Sony Bank others

4. SONY – IN INDIA Sony India Pvt. Ltd. Managing Director : Mr. Masaru Tamagawa Date of Establishment : November 17, 1994 Location: New Delhi, India. Staff Strength : 636 (as at March 31, 2007) Share Capital : Rs. 550 million Share Holding : 100% subsidiary of Sony Corporation, Japan.

5. Branch Offices : Delhi, Haryana, Ludhiana, Mumbai, Bangalore, Chennai, Kolkata, Hyderabad, Vijayawada, Jaipur, Chandigarh, Lucknow, Pune, Ahmedabad, Indore, Cochin, Coimbatore, Ghaziabad, Guwahati, Hubli and Ranchi Business Activities : Marketing, Sales and After-Sales Service of electronic products & software exports

6. SONY – IN USA Sony Corporation of America , LOCATION : New York PRODUCTS : audio, video, communications, and information technology products for the consumer and professional markets. AREAS : music, motion picture, television, computer entertainment, and online businesses Sony's U.S. businesses include : Sony Electronics Inc., Sony Pictures Entertainment Inc., Sony Computer Entertainment America Inc., 50% interest in Sony BMG Music Entertainment, REVENUE: $18.9 billion, 2007

7. Summary SONY- a Japanese company is well known in the world of electronics. Sony is larger than such economies as Uruguay ,the Dominican Republic, Tunisia, Slovakia, etc. Sony’s stock is traded on 23 exchanges around the world, and foreigners own 23% of the stock. Sony corp. has $60 billion in worldwide sales with 80% from overseas and 30% alone from USA (more than sales in Japan)

8. Contd……. Acc. To UNCTAD’s World Investment Report 2002 in terms of Value-added sales Sony is ranked 80 in terms of Foreign Assets Sony is ranked 22. Out of its total sales of $63,664 million, it derives $42,768 million from foreign sales. Out of total assets of $68,129 million , it has $30,214 million in foreign assets. Sony has some 181,800 employees worldwide, 109,080 of whom are non-Japanese.

9. Contd……. Sony makes its TV sets in Wales and USA , its 35% of the manufacturing is done overseas. Is the most recognized brand in USA, outranking McDonald’s and Coke. It has recently ceased its production of video products in Taiwan also and has moved its operations to Malaysia and China to employ cheap labor. Among Japanese companies, Sony has a policy of giving the top position in its foreign operations to a local national and also was the first to have a foreigner as a director .

10. Question Do you consider Sony to be an MNC ? What are the criteria that you use to make this determination ?

11. Multinational Corporations (MNCs) MNCs are Corporations that operate in more than one country . MNCs generally seek to maximize their returns by locating their operations based on labor costs , etc. Multinational corporations (MNCs) not only export their products to other countries but have also established sourcing supplies of materials, production, marketing, and managerial operations in countries other than their home base.

12. Companies that maintain significant operations in more than one country simultaneously but manage them all from one base in a home country A corporation that has its facilities and other assets in at least one country other than its home country .

13. Sony – An MNC Yes, we consider Sony Corp. to be an MNC as it satisfies some major criterias : Like MNCs, it operates in countries other than Japan 35% of its manuf. is done in overseas i.e. makes TV sets in Wales & USA. Like MNCs, Sony also locates its operations based on labor cost. Sony has moved production of video products from Taiwan to Malaysia and China to employ cheap labor.

14. Like MNCs, Sony will establish a technology center in Taiwan for product design, engineering, and procurement. Like MNCs, Sony also manages offices in all countries from home country, all operations of Sony are handled by headquarters in Tokyo. Like MNCs, Sony has approx. 50% of its total assets in other countries.

15. Semiconductor sales leaders by year

17. Conclusion