Risk profile of Iran

1. Iran’s natural
disaster risk
profile
Sonia Miri
15Dec2015
Universidad de Oviedo

2. INTRODUCTION

3. • Geography
• Area:1.648 Squared km
• Population:80Million(50%persians,Azeris,Kurds,Lors,Bakhtiaris
,baluchs,Arabs,Armenians,Ashuris ,Jews and 2-4 million refugees)
• Official language: Persian
• One of the oldest civilizations.

4. WWW.WORLDMAP.COM

6. • Religion:Islam(Christianity, Judaism and Zoroastrianism )
• One of the main Oil exporters around the world.

7. Disasters In IRAN
• 6th Disaster prone country In the world.
• 181 Natural disasters during last 50 years.(50.8%
earthquakes,37.5% floods and 11.5storms,landslides,epidemics,wildfires
and droughts)
• Earthquakes are responsible for 96% of deaths and
51% of damages.
• Floods are responsible for 3% of deaths and 33% of
damages.

8. Disaste
r type
Occurr
ence
Total
death
Affecte
d
Injured Homele
ss
Total
affected
Total
damage’000U
S
Drough
t
1 0 3700000
0
0 0 37000000 3300000
Earthq
uake
92 116450 2145394 156774 263215 2565383 11796628
Epidem
ic
3 372 2500 0 0 2500 0
Flood 68 3703 3885501 693 211370 4097564 7701528
Landsli
de
4 116 100 44 0 144 0
Storm 12 348 199200 94 5500 204794 28540
Wildfire 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total 181 120989 4323269
5
157605 480085 43870385 22826696
Table 1-Natural disasters in IRAN during 1965-2015(EM-DAT)

10. Impacts on human lives:
Bam earthquake 2003

11. Disaste
r type
Occurr
ence
Total
death
Affecte
d
Injured Homele
ss
Total
affected
Total
damage’000U
S
Drough
t
1 0 3700000
0
0 0 37000000 3300000
Earthq
uake
92 116450 2145394 156774 263215 2565383 11796628
Epidem
ic
3 372 2500 0 0 2500 0
Flood 68 3703 3885501 693 211370 4097564 7701528
Landsli
de
4 116 100 44 0 144 0
Storm 12 348 199200 94 5500 204794 28540
Wildfire 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total 181 120989 4323269
5
157605 480085 43870385 22826696
Table 1-Natural disasters in IRAN during 1965-2015(EM-DAT)

12. DATE DISASTER TYPE LOCATION NUMBER OF
DEATH
1990 Earthquake Gilan/ Zanjan 40000
2003 Earthquake Bam (Kerman) 26796
1978 Earthquake Tabas (Khorasan) 25000
1968 Earthquake Khorasan 10000
1972 Earthquake Qir 5057
1981 Earthquake Golbaf (Kerman) 2000
1997 Earthquake Birjand (Khorasan) 1568
1981 Earthquake Golbaf (Kerman) 1200
1997 Earthquake Ardabil 1100
1977 Earthquake Kerman 589
Table 2-Top ten natural disasters in Iran by number of deaths 1965-2015(EM-DAT)

14. DATE DISASTER TYPE LOCATION TOTAL AFFECTED
1999 Drought Fars ,Bushehr ,Yazd,
Kerman
Sistan ,Kohkiluye
,Hormozgan
Khuzestan
37000000
2001 Flood Golestan,Khorasan,Semna
n
1200200
1980 Flood Khuzestam 950000
1990 Earthquake Rasht ,Astara ,Zanjan
Qazvin ,Ardebil ,Tabriz,
Khalkhal,Rudbar,Talesh
710000
1993 Flood Kerman ,Boir,
Kohkiluye ,Fars,
Khuzestan ,Khursana ,
Bushehr,
Hormozgan ,Ilam,
Bakhtiari
,Yazd ,Isfahan, Lorestan
484728
2014 Flood Khorasan ,Mazandaran,
Semnan ,Golestan
440000
1997 Earthquake Shahre Kurd 400200
2003 Earthquake Bam (Kerman) 267628
2002 Flood Golestan , Khorasan
,Semnan
200000
2007 Storm Hormozgan 185009
Table 3-Top ten natural disasters happened in IRAN by number of affected during 1965-2015(EM-DAT)

15. Impacts on vulnerable
groups
• Disabled people(physically or mentally)
• Old people
• Children
• Women
• Prisoners

16. Impacts on genders:
Women in a higher risk of mortality because of :
• Biological and physiological differences
• Social norms and role behaviors
• Shortage of resources aftermath

17. IMPACTS ON MENTAL
HEALTH
• Post traumatic stress syndrome
• Depression
• Anxiety
• Somatic complaints
• Excessive alcohol use

18. IMPACT ON ECONOMY:
• Natural disasters have an impact of about 70$ billion
annually around the world but the effect on the per
capita is more significant in developing countries.
• Direct impacts
• Indirect impacts

19. 0
2000000
4000000
6000000
8000000
10000000
12000000
Damage US $
Damage US $
Chart1-Total economic losses due to different natural disasters 1965-2015(EM-DAT)

20. Earthquake
VULNERABILITY
• Location of the cities in high risk areas;
• Structural vulnerability of buildings, schools, hospitals
• Rapid and uncontrolled urbanization;
• Uncontrolled population density in some areas ;
• Insufficient infrastructures ;
• Weak preparedness and mitigation policies;
• Lack of The warning systems and Information technologies ;
• Lack of public awareness ;
• Lack of cooperation between government and NGO s ;

22. Flood vulnerability
• Deforestation and environment degradation;north
and west
• Lack of Flood plain encroachments;
• Extensive gravel mining ;
• Lack of public knowledge ;
• Constructions near riverbeds;
• Improper urban drainage network;

23. Vulnerability of TEHRAN
• AREA of 730 Squared km
• Population:12800000
• Divided into 22 regions
• High population
density:8,10,14,15,17,20.
• Most vulnerable:10,17,8,11
• Most resilient:21,22
• Weather: cold in the north
• and warm and arid in the south.
• Tehran Disaster Mitigation and
Management Center(TDMMC)

24. BAM Catastrophe

28. Over 40000 deaths, 30000 injured and 45000 displaced ...

29. Shortcomings:
• Food security(supplying, maintaining and distributing );
• Waste of hospitals;
• Transfer of the victims ;
• complications in death’s identifications, declaration and
burial rituals ;
• No proper Plan to send the rescuers;

30. • Lack of trained professionals for disaster
management;
• Not enough resources and improper distribution of it;
• Lack of health workers;
• gaps and overlaps in the activities ;
• lack of hygienic services ;
• No adequate reports and information ;

31. IRAN ‘s Steps toward
Earthquake management

32. 2003
Approving the Rescue & Relief Comprehensive Plan /9specialized sub-committees.
1998
The National Plan on Natural Disasters Prevention
1993
(Earthquake and landslide expert group) as a branch of NCNDR.
1991
National Committee for Mitigation of Natural Disaster Effects
1979
Basic principles and responsibilities of the government

33. The Bureau for Research and Coordination of Safety and Reconstruction Affairs
(BRCRS) /The National Disaster Task Force (NDTF)/Seismic mapping/ Public
awareness
2005
Designing standards for construction companies and national institutions/Earthquake resistant
regulations
2004
basic policies for Disaster Mitigation and Prevention/Integrated National disaster management
Plan /the Headquarter Council of Disaster Management headed by Vice President of Iran

34. The Earthquake
hazard
mitigation
programme
(EHMP)
Plans for
disaster
mitigation
and rapid
response
Scientific
knowledge
Public
awareness
Decrease of
vulnerability

35. multi- disciplinary
networks for
disaster risk
reduction
Creation of
standards
Changing old
fashion
architecture

36. Flood management:
1989
• Ministry of Interior
1991
• National Committee on Natural Disaster Reduction” and “Flood
Prevention Committee”.
1995
• River Engineering and Flood Control bureau
2000
• flood warning systems and floodplain delineation and flood zoning
maps
2005-
Presen
t
• Establishment of NDMO and 14 subgroups,

37. Report of HFA:
• 5% of the public budget ,2%prevention activities ;
• Designing National building codes;
• combination of DRR programs to developmental plans
• increase the number of important participant ,improve the
collaboration between role players by NDMO
• pilot programs in Kerman and Gorgan on resilience
schools, neighborhoods and hospitals
• WRF and MM5 are installed for research function purposes
and HRM is known as being used for scientific researches
To predict flood and increase preparedness LAM and NWP
are being used
• Retrofitting of houses , hospitals and schools

38. Shortcomings:
• limited Financial budget
• early warning systems, researches and facilities
• Insurance coverage
• coordination between different organizations,
stakeholders, NGOs, research institutes and individuals

39. • not enough systematic strategies to share the
information;
• More effort on educating ppl and government ,
• More research programs and practicing the result
• Decrease of poverty and unemployement during last
years.
• A step toward preparedness and mitigation is taken
but still more effort is needed.

40. Strong points Vulnerability

41. Engineering and construction Physical planning

42. Economic Planning Training

43. Human beings are members of a whole
In creation of one essence and soul
If one member is afflicted by pain
Other members uneasy will remain
If you have no sympathy for human pain
The name of human you can not retain
(Persian poet, Sa’adi 1291)