The document discusses lean tools like value stream mapping and Kanban. It provides examples of using value stream mapping to visualize and analyze the flow of work in a software development process and identify areas for improvement like reducing wait times. Kanban is introduced as a tool that uses visual cues and limits on work-in-progress to control flow and facilitate continuous improvement through collaborative experiments. Examples are given of using a Kanban board to visualize different scenarios and how work would flow through the process.