This document provides an overview of solid waste classification and management. It defines solid waste as garbage and refuse from municipal, industrial, and agricultural activities. Solid waste is classified as domestic, municipal, industrial, chemical/laboratory, and agricultural. The objectives of solid waste management are to control waste collection, processing, use and disposal in an economical manner that protects public health. Improper solid waste management can negatively impact human health through pollution and disease.

2. SYLLABUS
UNIT-1
Solid Waste – Solid waste- Introduction- Classification of
solid waste- Domestic, Municipal, industrial, Chemical
laboratory, and agricultural waste, Objectives of solid
waste management, harmful effects of solid wastes.

3. WHAT IS SOLID WASTE?
 Solid waste is defined as any garbage, refuse,
sludge from waste treatment plant, water supply
treatment plant, or air pollution control facility and
other materials, including solid, liquid, semisolid,
contained gaseous resulting from industrials,
commercials, mining and agricultural operations
from community activities

4. INTRODUCTION
 Solid wastes are all the discarded solid materials
from municipal, industrial, and agricultural activities.
The objective of solid wastes management (SWM)
are to control, collect, process, utilize and dispose
of solid wastes in an economical way consistent
with the public health protection.

5. CHARACTERISTICS OF WASTES
 Corrosive: these are wastes that include acids or bases
that are capable of corroding mental containers, e.g.
tanks
 Ignitability: this is waste that can create fires
under certain condition, e.g. waste oils and solvents
 Reactive: these are unstable in nature, they cause
explosions, toxic fumes when heated.
 Toxicity: waste which are harmful or fatal when
ingested or absorb.

6. CLASSIFICATION
Major classification
Organic waste
o This waste is subjected to decay with time and evolve highly
Offensive odour and gases which are highly detrimental to health.
 it breeds flies, mosquitoes, etc. produces diseases like typhoid,
diarrhea, etc
Inorganic waste
 This consists of non-combustible materials such as grit, dust,
mud, metal pieces, metal containers, broken glass, waste building
material, etc.
 it is not subjected to decay and is therefore not harmful to
public health.

7. OTHER CLASSIFICATION
1. Domestic waste
2. Municipal waste
3. Industrial waste
4. Chemical and laboratory waste
5. Agricultural wastes

8. DOMESTIC WASTE
 Domestic waste is waste that is generated as a
result of the ordinary day-to-day use of
a domestic premise and is either: taken from the
premises by or on behalf of the occupier who
generated the waste; without consideration (e.g.
payment, reward or other benefit)
 "Domestic waste" means any
nonputrescible waste, consisting of combustible
materials, such as paper, cardboard, yard clippings,
wood, or similar materials, generated in a dwelling,
including the real property upon which it is situated,
containing four living units or less

9. EG.

10. MUNICIPAL WASTE
 Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)—more commonly
known as trash or garbage—consists of everyday
items we use and then throw away, such as product
packaging, grass clippings, furniture, clothing,
bottles, food scraps, newspapers, appliances, paint,
and batteries
 Municipal solid waste (MSW) (also called trash)
consists of everyday items such as product
packaging, yard trimmings, furniture, clothing,
bottles and cans, food, newspapers, appliances,
electronics and batteries.

12. INDUSTRIAL WASTE
 Industrial waste is defined as waste generated
by manufacturing or industrial processes. The
types of industrial waste generated include
cafeteria garbage, dirt and gravel, masonry and
concrete, scrap metals, trash, oil, solvents,
chemicals, weed grass and trees, wood and scrap
lumber, and similar wastes.

14. CHEMICAL AND LABORATORY WASTE
 Chemical waste is a waste that is made from
harmful chemicals (mostly produced by large
factories)
 In the laboratory, chemical wastes are usually
segregated on-site into appropriate waste carboys,
and disposed by a specialist contractor in order to
meet safety, health, and legislative requirements.
 Innocuous aqueous waste (such as solutions
of sodium chloride) may be poured down the sink.
Some chemicals are washed down with excess
water

16. AGRICULTURAL WASTES
 Agricultural waste is waste produced as a result
of various agricultural operations. It includes
manure and other wastes from farms, poultry
houses and slaughterhouses; harvest waste;
fertilizer run- off from fields; pesticides that enter
into water, air or soils; and salt and silt drained from
fields

18. OBJECTIVES OF SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT
 Reduce the volume of the solid waste stream
through the implementation of waste reduction and
recycling programs.
 Maintain a balanced SWM system which benefits
the community while following regulatory
requirements.
 Provide efficient and economical refuse collection,
recycling, and disposal services.

20. IMPACTS OF SOLID WASTE ON HEALTH
 Chemical poisoning through chemical inhalation
 Uncollected waste can obstruct the storm water
runoff resulting in flood
 Low birth weight
 Cancer
 Congenital malformations
 Neurological disease
 Nausea and vomiting
 Increase in hospitalization of diabetic residents living
near hazard waste sites.
 Mercury toxicity from eating fish with high levels
of mercury.

21. EFFECTS OF SOLID WASTE ON
ANIMALS & AQUATICS LIFE
 Increase in mercury level in fish due to disposal of
mercury in the rivers.
 Plastic found in oceans ingested by birds
 Resulted in high algal population in rivers and sea.
 Degrades water and soil quality

22. IMPACTS OF SOLID WASTE ON ENVIRONMENT
 Waste breaks down in landfills to form methane, a
potent greenhouse gas
 Change in climate and destruction of ozone layer due
to waste biodegradable
 Littering, due to waste pollutions, illegal dumping,
Leaching: is a process by which solid waste enter soil
and ground water and contaminating them.