This document discusses solar energy and solar panels. It begins with an introduction to solar energy and what solar panels are. There are different types of solar panels described, including monocrystalline, polycrystalline, string ribbon silicon, and amorphous solar panels. The document explains that solar panels are made of silicon semiconductor materials and protective layers and how they work by using sunlight to knock electrons loose and generate electricity. It also covers how solar panels should be positioned for optimal sunlight exposure and lists advantages such as being pollution-free and enabling power in remote areas.

1. SOLAR ENERGY
Presented By : Navin Pratap Singh
Roll No. :1334240044
Mechanical 3rd Year (Sec C)

2. CONTENTS
 Introduction
 What are solar panels?
 Different types of solar panels.
 What are solar panels made of?
 How does solar panels work?
 How are solar panels positioned?
 Advantages of solar panels
 Reference

3. Solar energy is radiant light and heat
from the Sun harnessed using a range
of ever evolving technologies such as
solar heating, photovoltaics, solar
thermal energy and artificial
photosynthesis.
It is an important source of renewable
energy.
Introduction of Solar energy

4. SOLAR PANELS
 A device that harvest and
convert light to energy.
 A panel of interconnected
assembly of solar
cells(PV cells).
 Used to supply electricity
in commercial and
residential applications.

5. What is Photovoltaic ?
 Photovoltaic is the
conversion of solar
energy to electricity.
 Photovoltaic does not
generate heat.
 It is very reliable and
requires very little
maintenance.
 Generates no noise or
pollution.

6. 1. Monocrystalline solar panels(Single
crystal)
2. Polycrystalline solar panels(Multi-
Crystal)
3. String Ribbon Silicon solar panels
4. Amorphous solar panel
Types of solar panels:

7. Mono crystalline solar panels
(Single crystal):
 Most expensive type of solar
panel.
 Return electricity rate of 14%
to 18%.
 One continuous sheet of
silicon with metal sheets
nailed to it to increase
conductivity.
 More effective than other
panels.
 Most worth it in the long run.

8. Polycrystalline solar panels
(Multi-Crystal)
 Electricity return rate of 12% to
14%.
 Made up of many individual cells
that have metal conducting
materials nailed to the side to hold
the cells together.
 Cheapest solar panel.
 Lower maintenance cost compared
to Monocrystalline solar panels.

9. String Ribbon Silicon solar panels:
 Electricity return rate of 12% to
14%.
 The PV cells in a string ribbon
panel are made of strips of silicon
attached to metal bars that
connect the strips to form a cell.
 Production costs are slightly lower
compared to Polycrystalline solar
panels.

10. Amorphous solar panel :
 Lowest electricity return rate of
5% to 6%.
 These panels are not made of
crystalline silicon.
 They are composed of a piece of
semi-conductor material with a
thin silicon film on the top.
 Not worth it in the long run.

11. What are solar panels made of?
 There are two protective
layers on the
semiconductor.
 Solar panel are made of
two materials sandwiched
together called a
semiconductor.
 The top layer is negatively
charged while the bottom
is positively charged.

12. What are solar panels made of?
 Consists of million of
atoms that produce
positive and negative
charges.
 Silicon produces the
positive or negative
charged stimuli.

13. How does solar panels work?
 When sunlight reaches
the solar panels, the
electrons are knocked
loose from the silicon.
 These electrons then
move up from the bottom
layer of silicon.
 They then crowd the
electrons on the top
layer.

14. How does solar panels work?
 The electrons at the top
layer is then collected
by external contacts on
the surface of the top
layer.
 The electrons then
provide power to the
electrical system.

15.  The positioning of the panels is a major factor
in deciding how much sunlight hits the panel.
 Most are stationary but some solar panels
move accordingly when the sun moves.
 In the southern hemisphere, solar panels are
placed facing the north.
 In the northern hemisphere, solar panels are
place facing the south.
How are solar panels
positioned?

16.  In winter, the sun is lower compared to the
position of the sun in other season, so tilt
the panels accordingly.
 In summer, the sun is higher compared to
the position of the sun in other season.
How are solar panels
positioned?

17. Advantages of solar panels:
 Pollution-free.
 The energy source(Sun)
is completely renewable
unlike the usage of fossil
fuels for electricity.
 Enables the harnessing of
power in remote areas.

18.  Solar panels can also be
used to provide electricity
to places where it might be
difficult to construct power
lines.
 Requires very little
maintenance.
Advantages of solar panels:

19.  The current energy source for
most people is dependent on
fossil fuels.
 Fossil fuels is burnt to
produce energy which causes
pollution to the environment.
 Fossil fuels are also non-
renewable so once it is used
up, it will take million of years
to be replenished.
Why should we use solar
panels?

20.  Our current energy source is
running out and causes
pollution to environment.
 Solar panels do not need fossil
fuels and neither does it cause
pollution.
 Solar panels are able to
generate electricity as long as
there is sun.
Why should we use solar
panels?

21.  INTERNET
 WIKIPEDIA
REFRENCE