Soil - a hidden habitat, 2011 July web
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This document summarizes the hidden habitat of soil and the organisms that live there. It notes that a single handful of soil can contain millions of organisms like nematodes, protozoa, fungi and bacteria. It discusses the roles these organisms play in decomposing organic matter, maintaining soil structure, and providing nutrients to plants. The document also outlines how certain farming practices like pesticide use and soil compaction can harm soil organisms, and gives an example of how returning rice straw to fields can improve yields that had declined from fertilizer use.
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This is a portion of the talk given at the Certified Horticultural Retailer meetings across Alabama. This provides some more research-based insecticide updates compared to the earlier uploaded talk. Both organic and conventional insecticides have been discussed. Extension resources are mentioned at the end of the slide show. For feedback, email bugdoctor@auburn.edu. Join me on Facebook - look for ALABAMA VEGETABLE IPM. Viewers also liked (6)
Two research articles on pesticides in cambodia 2011 02 28 vs 07 2011
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Elbs unit 1 b491 lesson 13 plants for food
This document discusses how plants provide food for humans and other organisms. It explains that plants produce glucose through photosynthesis, and their leaves, stems, roots, seeds, and fruits can be eaten. It also describes how plants get nutrients from soil through mineral salts, and how farmers use fertilizers to supplement soil nutrients and increase crop yields. The document outlines how weeds compete with crops for resources, and how farmers use herbicides to control weeds. It discusses how pests damage crops, and how farmers use pesticides, though these can harm other organisms and accumulate up food chains. The example of DDT in a lake food chain shows how a toxin concentrated and led to the decline of bird populations.
Naturalist guide
The document discusses the effects of urbanization on plants and animals. It provides examples of how ants and quack grass are impacted. For ants, urbanization leads them to consume unnatural foods, trash, chemicals and pollutants, harming the soil quality and increasing pollution. Quack grass, though often considered a weed, helps control erosion and can be used for food in hard times; however, pesticides used to eliminate it damage the water supply and wildlife. The document also discusses how pesticides like neonicotinoids kill bees and birds through water pollution and how they infiltrate the food chain.
Environment - Biology | Mahima Shah
This PPT talks about the indications of a few types of pollutions and the impact of various farming activities on the environment. It also talks about the poison in food chain.
Ecology
The document provides information on the key concepts of ecology. It discusses ecology as the study of organisms in relation to their environment, including their relationships with each other and non-living components. Some key abiotic and biotic factors that influence organisms are described. The document also outlines different types of ecosystems and communities, and explains concepts such as niche, population, food webs, trophic levels, and energy flow through ecosystems.
Oriculture
Oriculture is a form of organic farming that utilizes oribatid mites to break down plant litter into nutrient-rich humus. These mites feed on decaying plant matter like wood, leaves, and roots, releasing fecal pellets that enrich the soil. Different species of oribatid mites prefer different types of plant litter. The document discusses oricuture techniques like collecting plant litter, identifying mites, and mass culturing oribatid mites to release into soils. Oriculture provides many advantages over chemical fertilizers by naturally improving soil quality at low cost in an environmentally friendly way.
Horticulture and the enviroment By Allah Dad Khan
Horticulture and the environment are interrelated because horticulture activities can impact both biotic and abiotic environmental factors. Key issues in the relationship between horticulture and the environment include intensive land use, integrated pest management, public demand, and new technologies which can benefit horticulture but also create environmental concerns. Horticulture provides benefits to the environment such as erosion control, pollution absorption, and wildlife habitat, but can also harm the environment through excessive pesticide use, soil erosion, and groundwater depletion if not properly managed. Non-point source pollution from horticulture activities like nutrient runoff and pesticide leaching can damage the environment and pest populations if not addressed, while point source pollution comes from identifiable localized sources
Soil microbiology- Microbes Associated with Soil
This document summarizes the key points from a university lecture on soil microorganisms. It discusses the types and abundance of microorganisms found in soil, including bacteria, fungi, and protozoa. It explains the important roles microorganisms play in decomposing organic matter, cycling nutrients, enhancing soil structure, and maintaining soil quality. The document also covers how environmental factors like pH, phosphorus, and soil texture can influence microbial communities. In summary, soil microorganisms drive many critical ecosystem functions through their roles in decomposition and nutrient cycling.
Healthy soils
This document discusses principles of soil health and how soil functions. It explains that soil should manage energy flow from the sun, store and release water, and cycle nutrients. Soil health relies on a diverse community of organisms and having living roots in the ground as much as possible. Agricultural practices like tillage and overgrazing can disrupt these functions by destroying soil habitat and organisms. The document recommends managing for less soil disturbance, more plant diversity, keeping living roots, and keeping the soil covered to improve soil health.
A Brief Overview of Nutrient Cycling in Pastures
This document provides an overview of nutrient cycling in pastures through three key components: soil organisms, pasture plants, and grazing livestock. It describes how nutrients cycle naturally through the soil-plant-animal system when pastures are well-managed. Soil organisms like bacteria, fungi and earthworms break down organic matter and release nutrients in forms available to pasture plants. Plants take up nutrients from the soil and fix nitrogen in the case of legumes. Grazing livestock consume nutrients from forage but most are returned to the pasture through manure and urine, completing the nutrient cycle. Proper management, like rotational grazing and soil testing, can enhance this natural cycling of nutrients in pasture systems.
Extension organic farming presentation 11 10 2013
The document discusses organic farming and livestock husbandry in the Himalayan region of India. It defines organic farming as crop and livestock production without synthetic chemicals or fertilizers. Organic livestock farming involves allowing animals to graze on natural foods, using organic feed, and prohibiting antibiotics and hormones. The document also outlines the practices of organic livestock farming, including using adapted breeds, pasture management, natural nutrition, comfortable housing, and minimal antibiotic use. Overall, the document provides an overview of organic farming and husbandry techniques suitable for the environment and farming systems of the Himalayan region.
convesation of Biodiversity
This document discusses conservation of biological diversity or biodiversity. It defines biodiversity as all the living organisms on Earth, from microorganisms to plants and animals. Biodiversity exists at the genetic, species, and ecosystem levels. The origin of life on Earth began over 4 billion years ago. Factors that affect biodiversity include climate change, global warming, pollution, deforestation, food production practices, and human conflicts. Biodiversity provides many benefits and ecosystem services including food, medicines, materials, and ecological functions. It is important for resistance to catastrophes and each species depends on other species for survival in balanced ecosystems. Loss of biodiversity could destabilize ecosystems and agriculture. Some species now in danger of
M. rai (2)
1. Organic farming began in the 1930s-1940s as a reaction to agriculture's growing reliance on synthetic fertilizers. Sir Albert Howard is widely considered the "father of organic farming".
2. Organic farming relies on ecological processes and cycles rather than synthetic inputs. It aims to sustain soil, ecosystem, and human health.
3. Benefits of organic farming include high nutritional quality, maintenance of soil fertility, and avoidance of pollution. Principles include health, ecology, fairness, and care.
Bioremediation of Chlorpyrifos Contaminated Soil by Microorganism
India is agricultural based country where 70% of the population survives on it. In order to increase the production of field various pesticides are used. Chlorpyrifos (O,O-diethyl O-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl phosphorothioate) is an organophosphate pesticide which is widely used as insecticide for crop protection. But due to its persistent nature into the environment, it is leading to various hazards including neurotoxic effects, cardiovascular diseases and respiratory diseases. Bioremediation is a technology to eliminate chlorpyrifos efficiently from the environment. In bioremediation of chlorpyrifos the potential degradative microorganisms possess opd (organophosphate degrading) gene which hydrolyses the chlorpyrifos and utilizes it as a sole carbon source.Thus the present review discusses about how through bioremediation the pesticide chlorpyrifos can be degraded using potential soil microorganisms.
Mystery Of Microbes
Microbes are tiny organisms that are too small to see with the naked eye. They exist virtually everywhere on Earth, from deep underground to high in the atmosphere, and play important roles in ecosystems, human health and industry. Microbes help decompose organic matter, fix nitrogen in soil, and produce many foods and beverages. However, some microbes can also cause diseases in plants and animals.
Soil microorganisms
Soils give a mechanical support to plants from which they extract nutrients. soil provides shelters for many animal types, from invertebrates such as worms and insects up to mammals like rabbits, moles, foxes and badgers. It also provides habitats colonised by a staggering variety of microorganisms. This module is about the microbial life in soils.
Principles of agriculture by jeff poppen
The document summarizes principles of permanent agriculture that have been known for thousands of years, including growing legumes to fix nitrogen in the soil, using cattle manure as fertilizer, incorporating ashes to replenish minerals, and thorough plowing to aerate the soil. Following these principles through crop rotations, composting, grazing, and minimal exports can sustain agriculture for thousands of years by cycling nutrients back into the soil.
Biodiversity in ecosystems
Biodiversity refers to all living things in an ecosystem. It allows ecosystems to support life and recover from environmental changes. An ecosystem consists of biotic and abiotic components that interact and depend on each other. However, biodiversity and ecosystems are threatened by human activities like habitat destruction, pollution, and introduction of invasive species. Biodiversity plays an important role in ecosystems by providing habitats, food sources, nutrient cycling, pollination, and other essential functions. While human activities pose the greatest threats, individuals can help protect biodiversity through practices like recycling, reducing pollution and carbon footprints, and sustainable consumption.
Abiotic and Biotic.pdf
*Difference between biotic and abiotic
*Levels of Ecological Organization
*Abiotic Factors affecting the abundance and distribution of organisms
Organic Farming
1. The document discusses organic farming in India, highlighting that India has about 43,000 hectares of land under organic farming, which is only 0.03% of total agricultural land. It describes various methods and benefits of organic farming such as composting and use of farm yard manure to improve soil health and fertility in a sustainable manner.
2. Methods of organic farming discussed include practices like green manuring, use of organic wastes to produce compost, and different types of organic fertilizers derived from plants and animal sources. The document emphasizes the need for organic farming to maintain ecological balance and soil productivity while being economically viable.
3. Making "Magic Compost" using materials like cow dung,
CHAPTER 1 CROP PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT CLASS 8TH
This document discusses key concepts related to microorganisms. It defines microorganisms as tiny living things too small to see, including bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa. It notes that pathogens are microbes that cause disease, while antibiotics inhibit or kill other microbes. It also describes several important roles of microbes, such as fermentation in food production, biodegradation to recycle nutrients, nitrogen fixation to fertilize soil, and biocontrol as a natural pesticide alternative. Probiotics are discussed as beneficial gut microbes in fermented foods and supplements.
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- 1. Soil - A Hidden Habitat By Winfried Scheewe, 14 October 2010
- 2. Why hidden? Who lives there? What is going on there? What farmers are doing? What are the effects?
- 3. Who lives there? 1 Tardigrade or Water Bear
- 4. Who lives there? 2 Nematodes
- 5. Who lives there? 3 Actinomycetes Fungi
- 6. Who lives there? 4 Protozoa Algae
- 7. One handful of fertile soil can contain : 100 Insects and mites 110 Worms 250 Springtails 25,000 Nematodes 7,500,000 Protozoa 12,500,000 Algae 100,000,000 Fungi 125,000,000 Bacteria
- 8. What is going on in the soil? There are many kinds of soil animals and micro-organisms What are their roles?
- 9. Functions of soil organisms Decomposing organic stuff Maintaining a sponge like structure Providing nutrients to plants
- 17. Soil organisms help to bind soil particles together, give it a sponge like structure.
- 19. Providing nutrients to plants Mycorrhizae
- 20. Effects of farmers’ practices on the soil organisms
- 21. Most pesticides are harmful to soil organisms
- 23. Effects of farmers’ practices Soil compaction
- 24. Burning of crop residues
- 25. Bare soil after burning the stubbles
- 29. Soil cover Soil erosion corn with a cover crop
- 30. Preventing soil erosion with hedgerows and mulch
- 31. Thank you !