This document discusses different types of technology, including hard technology which comes from natural science and operates the physical world using skills and tools, and soft technology which comes from non-natural sciences and operates the spiritual world using economic activities. It also discusses innovation centers before and after economic reforms in China and 1970s, the Japanese economic miracle, management challenges in the USSR vs USA, and the evolution of industries. Finally, it notes that the idea of innovation centers has shown success in some countries but not others that only increased research funding without a plan, and emphasizes that investment in education and human capital is key to technological and economic development.

1. Mahmoud Al Nouri
Presentation in 10 Minutes

2.  Hard Technology
Knowledge come from natural science
Operating physical world
 Examples: skills, tools and rules that are
employed by people to alter,
accommodate and manage nature for
human survival and development

3.  Soft Technology
Knowledge come from Non-natural
science and non-(traditional) science
Operating spiritual world
 Examples: conscious use of common
laws or experiences in economic
activities to improve and better control
our life and environment.

4.  Innovation centers before economic
reform in the 1970s
 After 1970s
 Money meets Ideas
 Diversity of Chinese people ad cultural
backgrounds

5.  Japanese miracle in 30 years
 Management challenges
 USSR Failure and USA Success

6.  1st
Industry : Agricultural Industry
 2nd
Industry: Engineering Industry
 3rd
Industry: Tradition Service Industry
Transportation, shops and restaurants
 4th
Industry: New service industry
Cultural industry

7.  The idea of innovation centers has been
applied in several countries (Turkey,
Malaysia) and showed promising
success.
 Some countries only issued laws to
increase investment in scientific research
e.g. 1% of GDP without having a plan on
where these should go, Poor results!

8. “Investment in education pays the highest
return”
 Human Capital is the corner stone of
technological development that would
lead to economic development.
 Creation of Atmosphere for innovation
and creation.

9. Thank you

10. Thank you