This was presented by Micheal Khan at the Innovation Festival at Spier Wine Estate on 8 and 9 March 2010. The sponsor was Cape Biotech Trust to raise funds for the Southern African Innovation Network (SAINe).

1. The Changing Face of Innovation in South Africa Prof. Michael Kahn Research and Innovation Associates and IERI, Tshwane University of Technology Innovation Festival 2010 Spier Estate, Lynedoch, Cape 8 March, 2010

3. Technological innovation is critical to long-term economic growth. Most technological innovation consists of incremental change in existing industries . …. Sustained growth can occur only with the continuous introduction of truly new goods and services—radical technological innovations that disrupt markets and create new industries. The capacity to turn science-based inventions into commercially viable innovations is critical to radical technological innovation.’ (Branscomb and Auerswald, 2002) The quest ….

4. The evidence? Source: KDI and K4D

7. The deviation from modernity SOCIAL INNOVATION GONE WRONG

10. The future ain’t what it used to be

14. People matter most! Source: Annual Reports, 2007 (Author) Source: DNE (1993),DST (2007), Author Full-time equivalent Researchers, 1992 & 2006 % Black Professionals and Researchers, 2008 ARC 30 CSIR 52 HSRC 63 MRC 55 NRF 61

15. From the OECD Review Given the scale of the total investment involved (in infrastructure projects), even quite a small constraint on its implementation is likely to have a large negative impact on the rate of innovation – perhaps creating a ‘chasm’ between engineering and implemented innovation that has much greater economic and social significance than the more frequently discussed ‘chasm’ between R&D and implemented innovation (OECD, 2008: 173)

16. Agents and linkages, local & global 100s NGOs POLITICAL LEGAL ENVIRONMENTAL CULTURAL STANDARDS ASSOCIATONS LINKAGES I.P. RIGHTS UNIVERSITIES 9 SCIENCE COUNCILS BUSINESS 55 GOVT. DEPTS INSTITUTES & MUSEUMS S&T SERVICES UTILITIES INFORMAL SECTOR

20. Emalahleni Water Recycling http://www.angloamerican.co.za/aa/development/

21. Maponya Mall, Soweto

22. Denel

23. Right-hand (!) drive Hummer

24. Altech Netstar pioneered the stolen vehicle tracking and recovery industry in SA in 1994, and is the market leader in terms of size, product range, and an unsurpassed private recovery infrastructure … employs over 500 people … 10,000 Altech Netstar tracking systems installed per month … operations in Zambia, Namibia, Swaziland, Botswana and Malaysia. Altech Netstar is able to recover vehicles in an average time of less than an hour. Accepted by insurers and motor manufacturers alike … locally designed and manufactured systems … include the Early Warning System with panic button, Vigil with full GPS/GPRS functionality, Cyber-Sleuth, the ever popular Sleuth, and Guardian. http://www.netstar.co.za/Content/About/background.aspx

25. See you at the World Cup

26. Scientific production: SA top 25 Overall growth factor 1.5 1990-94 2004-08 Rank N Rank N Subject Area Change 1 4477 1 6283 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES & ECOLOGY 1.4 2 4097 2 5360 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1.3 18 1530 3 4529 INFECTIOUS DISEASES 3.0 3 3548 4 4411 PLANT SCIENCES 1.2 5 2355 5 4250 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY 1.8 6 2328 6 3953 ZOOLOGY 1.7 8 2185 7 3943 GENETICS & HEREDITY 1.8 12 1821 8 3874 AGRICULTURE 2.1 7 2244 9 3632 CHEMISTRY 1.6 15 1576 10 3569 MATHEMATICS 2.3 17 1538 11 3532 ENGINEERING 2.3 27 1257 12 3387 PSYCHOLOGY 2.7 14 1604 13 3372 IMMUNOLOGY 2.1 10 1953 14 3334 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES 1.7 26 1260 15 2747 PEDIATRICS 2.2 41 860 16 2497 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2.9 32 1072 17 2417 BUSINESS & ECONOMICS 2.3 36 942 18 2405 MICROBIOLOGY 2.6 13 1715 19 2378 PHYSICS 1.4 28 1187 20 2270 COMPUTER SCIENCE 1.9 37 911 21 2161 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES 2.4 22 1434 22 2023 BIODIVERSITY & CONSERVATION 1.4 4 2723 23 2012 PHYSIOLOGY 0.7 20 1478 24 2005 REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY 1.4 16 1566 25 1853 LIFE SCIENCES & BIOMEDICINE - OTHER TOPICS 1.2

27. CPUT 75 UCT 1562 UWC 240 US 1030 MRC ARC CSIR Groote Schuur Tyger- berg 8 24 5 1 21 108 43 83 41 34 300 800 100 150 300 400 48 29 10 13 7 FOR LOC

28. … technologies in some industries are close to science, while in others there is little in the way of scientific foundations. In some connections with universities are important, while in others there is little interaction. Patents are important in some industries but not in others. To be effective policies aimed to help industries develop must understand and respect these differences. (Rosenberg, 2009) Directions for policy? (The linear) model implies that there should be a link between HERD and BERD (but) there is no credible evidence for this. On the contrary, as in the South African innovation survey, countless surveys of OECD firms show that their main sources of technology are internal knowledge and other firms. Public sector research in general, and higher education research in particular, accounts for a small share of their total knowledge inputs to innovation (OECD, 2008: 186)

30. How many does it take to change ? Innovation is about meeting demand